of Hondschoote e was promoted 2. 1793. On his 1794 he was em- ieral of the ord- 't time, and was yal engineer in acame colonel in )I161 in the royal year, and major- . 1805 until 1811 particular service imittees in Lon- 18 was made a : corps of royal utenant—general, On 23 July 1811 t Morse [q.v.$as ations, an 0 cc e was appointed 3 examine cadets 828. He died on ied ii/Pumstead ;one \\..u-:' erected ere rewarded by f 22,859 acres of Eicton in Lower l while holding Lof fortifications ich, for financial 11, second daugh- ford Manor, Ey- Joling, vicar of minor canon of her he had five Of the sons, illery, Cornelius >hn in the 28th William in the L1'dS in the royal of Cornelius, is es belong to his rhen he had just gineers in 1763, is n, Major—general royal-engineers, lius im, royal iced in Porter’s Loyal Engineers,’ vlann are in the awn plan of the 'works proposed, wn plan of the ving the state of ised for connect- 3) St. John Fort, n of part of Lake . .,. .1" I; . 7‘ ,. >4 if. :€. .~ I .~ 3‘ F3 1 I I 5 I J‘ I g l l »i if I .. . ‘i, ‘.1 6 » Mann 4: Mann Champlain, with the communication down to St. John’s, 2 sheets, 1791; (4) a drawn plan of Fort St. John on the river Chambly, 1791 ; (5) a drawn plan and sections of the new works proposed at St. .Iohn’s, 1791. The following drawn plans by Mann, for- merly in the war office, are now among the records of the government of the dominion of Canada: (1) Plan of town and fortifica- tions of Montreal, 1768; (2) Plan of Fort George, showing works of defence, 11. d.; (3) Fort Erie, roposed work, 11. d. ; (4) En- trance of the 18 arrows between Lakes Erie and Detroit, 11. d.; (5) St. Louis and Barrack bastions, with proposed works, and six sec- tions, 17 85 ; (6) Casemates proposed for forming a citadel, 1785; (7) Quebec and Hei hts of Abraham, with- sections of wor s, 17 85; (8) MilitaryPorts, Lake Huron, Niagara, entrance of river to Detroit, To- ronto Harbour ,.a’.nd Kingston Harbour, 1788; (9) Defences, (if Canada, 1788; (10) Position opposite Isle au Bois Blanc, 1796; (11) Isle aux Boix," and adjacent shores, showing present and proposed works, 2 sheets, 1797; (12) TVorks to be constructed at Amhurst- burr,’ 1799; (13) Amhurstburgh and Isle au ois Blanc, with works ordered to be constructed, 1799 ; (14) Ordnance Store House proposed for Cape Diamond Powder ' Magazine, 2 sheets, 1801; (15) City and Fortifications of Quebec with vicinity, 1804; (16) Citadel of Quebec, 2 sheets of sections, 1804; (17) Fortifications of Quebec, 1804. [Connolly MSS.; Royal Engineers Records; Ordnance and War Oflice Records; Porter’s - is- tory of the Corps of Royal Engineers, 1889; private manuscripts] R. . V. MANN, SIR HORACE (1701-1786), British envoy at Florence, born in 1701, was the second son of Robert Mann, a successful London merchant, who bought an estate at Linton in Kent, built ‘ a small but elegant seat on.the site of the old mansion of Capell’s Court,’ and died a fully qualified country squire on 9 Sept. 1751. His mother was Eleanor, daughter and heiress of Christopher Guise ofAbbot’s Court, Gloucestershire. An elder brother, Edward Louisa, died in1755, while of Horace’s sisters, Catharine was married to the Hon. and Rev. James Corn- wallis q. v.], bishop ofLichfie1d, and Eleanor to Sir ohn Torriano, son of Nathaniel Tor- riano, a noted London merchant, and con- tributor to the ‘ British Merchant’ [see KING, CHfiRLEs,jl. 17 21]. A first cousin was Cor- nelius Mann of Plumstead, father of Gother Mann [ q. v._] The kinship with Horace Walpole which has frequently been claimed for Mann has no existence. He was, how- iassiduously did the work of ever, an associate of Walpole as a young man, and it was entirely owing to this inti- macy that he was in 1737 offered by Sir Robert Walpole the post of assistant to ‘ Mr. Fane,’ envoy extraordinary and minis- ter plenipotentiary at the court of Florence. The and dukedom of Tuscany had just passe to Francis of Lorraine, the husband of Maria Theresa, who in 1745 was elected emperor (Francis I), but the actual adminis- tration was in the hands of the Prince of Craon, Francis’s quondam tutor, who had married a discarded mistress of his father, Duke Leopold. Craon and his wife are con- sequently ‘ the prince ’ and ‘ princess ’ to whom such frequent reference is made in iVlann’s letters of 1738-10. During this period he ane, an indolent but most particular person, who is described by Walpole as taking to his bed for six weeks in consequence of the Duke of New- castle’s omitting on one occasion the usual prefix ‘very’ to ‘your humble servant’ in signing one of his letters. In 1740 Mann was rewarded by being formally appointed Fane’s successor, and in the same year Horace Walpole visited him at Florence, at the ‘ Casa Mannetti, by the Ponte de Trinita.’ The poet Gray had visited him a short while previously; he describes Mann as the best and most obliging person in the world, was delighted with his house, from the windows of which, he says, ‘we can fish in the Arno,’ and in 1745 despatched his ‘ good dear Mr. Mann’ a heavy box of books. The envoy’s chief business seems to have been to watch over the doings of the Pre- tender and his familyin Italy. He certainly retails much gossip that is damaging to the character of the last Stuarts. On the death of the Old Pretender in 1766 Mann succeeded in bullying the pope into suppressing the titles of his successor at Rome. Count Albani, the Young Pretender, whose habitual drunken- ness neutralised any political importance that he might have had, came to reside at Florence in 1775, from which date onwards the British envoy’s letters are full of dis- agreeable descriptions of his complicated dis- orders. In 17 83 the Chevalier, who was dining at the table of the king of Sweden, then a visitor in Florence, gave Sir Horace a start by narrating the circumstances of his visit to London in September 1750, of which an independent and less authentic account was subsequently given by Dr. William King [(1. v.] of St-. Mary Hall (Anecdotes, p. 126). The despatch containing the account of the adventure as it came from the Chevalier’s own lips, dated 6 Dec. 1783, is preserved with the other Tuscan State Papers at the Mann 42 Mann Record Office (of. MAHON, Hist. of England, iv. 11). In corresponding on these topics the envoy used a kind of cipher, in which 202 stood for Mann, 55 for Hanover, 77 for Rome, and 11 for the Old Chevalier. Minor duties were to receive and conciliate English visitors of distinction, among whom are specially noted the Duke of York, Lord Bute, and Garrick (1764), John Wilkes (1765), Smollett (1770), the Duke of Gloucester (1771), Zof- fany, who put his portrait in the picture of the ‘ Tribuna,’ which he executed for the king (1773), and the Duchess of Kingston (1774). Besides these distinguished persons were numerous ‘ travelling boys ’ belonging to the English aristocracy, whose aptitude to forget the deference due to the ‘ petty Italian Trans- arencies ’ often caused him much anxiety. lIann’s salary is given in the Townshend MSS., under date 1742, as fixed at 31. per diem, with allowance of 3001. or 4001. (Hist. MSS. Comm. 11th Rep. App. iv. 126). In 1755 he succeeded his elder brother in the estate at Linton, and on 3 March in the same year he was created a baronet. His receipt of the decoration of K.B. on 25 Oct. 17 68, through the medium of Sir John Dick, British consul at Genoa, was the occasion of a succession of brilliant fétes, described in much detail in his letters to Horace Walpole. The correspondence by which Mann is chiefly remembered commenced with his ap- pointment. Walpole left Florence, not to re- turn, in May 17 41, and never again saw his friend, while Mann spent the remainder of his life exclusively in Italy; but during the following forty-four years they corresponded on a scale quite phenomenal, and, as W'al- pole remarked, ‘not to be paralleled in the history of the post-oziice.’ The letters on both sides were avowedly written for publi- cation, both parties making a point of the return of each other’s despatches. The strain of such an artificial correspondence led to much melancholy posturing, but the letters, on Walpole’s side at least, are among the best in the language. Their publication by Lord Dover in 1833 gave Macaulay his well- used opportunity of ‘ dusting the jacket,’ as he expresses it, of the most consummate of virtuosos (Edinb. Rev. October 1833). Lord Dover describes the letters on Mann’s side as ‘voluminous, but particularly devoid of interest, as they are written in a dry, heavy style, and consist almost entirely of trifling details of forgotten Florentine society.’ Cun- ningham dismisses them as ‘utterly unread- able.’ Their contents are summarised intwo volumes published by Dr. Doran (from the originals at Strawberry Hill), under the title of ‘ Mann and Manners at the Court of Florence,’ in 1876.They certainly lose much from a too anxious adaptation to Walpo1e’s prejudices and affectations, but they are often diverting, and are valuable as illustra- tions of Florentine society (cf. Glimpses of Italian Society in the l8t/l Century, from the Journey of Mrs. _Pz'o::zz', 1892). They abound in accounts of serenades, fétes, masquerades, court ceremonial, and Italian eccentricities, including an elaborate exposition of the his- tory and nature of cicisbeism, and many cir- cumstances relating to the alleged poison- ing of Clement X1-V (Granganelli) in 1774. There are also many interesting particulars concerning the eminent Dr. Antonio Cocchi, a savant ‘much prejudiced in favour of the English, though he resided some years among us.’ Writing from Florence in November 1754 the Earl of ‘Cork describes Mann as living in Cocchi’s ‘ friendship, skill, and care, and adds: ‘ Could I live with these two gentlemen only, and converse with few or none ot-hers, I should scarce desire to re- turn to England for many years ’ (NICHOLS, Lit.Anecd. i. 317). Madame Piozzi visited Mann when she was in Florence, about 17 84, when the British envoy was ‘sick and old,’ but maintained a ‘weekly conversation’ on Saturday evenings (Autobiog. 1861, i. 334). Mann’s last letter to VValpole (‘ of a series amounting to thousands’) is dated 5 Sept. 1786. He died at Florence on 6 Nov. 17 86, and was succeeded as envoy in August 1787 by John Augustus, lord Hervey. He had been forty-six years minister. His body was removed to England, and buried at Linton. The estate and baronetcy passed to his nephew Horatio (son of his younger brother Gralfiidus), who, with his wife, ‘ the fair and re ' e’ Lady Lucy (Noel), had visited Mann at lorence in 1775, the pair being Ere uently mentioned with much tenderness anlil affec- tion in his letters. Sir Horatio was M.]?. for" Sandwich in 1790, became a local magnate, and was a staunch patron of the Hamble- donian cricketers (cf. Hasrnn, Kent; NYREN, Young C'rz'c7ceter’s Tutor, ed. I/Vhibley, pp. xi, xxii, 9-1). He died in 1814, when the baronetcy became extinct. In his will Mann, who had previously bou ht several pictures on commission for the oughton and Strawberry Hill galleries, left five pictures by Poussin to his friend Walpole, to whom his letters were also trans- mitted. He had sent Walpole his portrait by Astley in 1752; this was engraved by Grreatbatch, and included by Cunningham in his edition of Walpole’s correspondence. [Hasted’s Kent, ii. 142; Burke’s Extinct Baronetage, p. 337 ; Doran’s Mann and Manners .'‘‘<- -73 ' A.-« .,....« ...v A‘‘' ‘ . « r v,lfv.:z.p(W.y‘:-.y,.S|(:«:?qp;,§4'¢n&-11*!‘ fink’ .n_,“.; _ ,_v__(: N ‘,&,.‘