Temple, Sir William P5§€’T'0f"2 yam free l§§§iZ'.%§“i‘iI=E§'5§§§~.f.ZllT eesiriim irrim inlnp¥ease.can3‘ Q} fire; Eli §~§~i:§§m“§* Q %r°i.i=e::2t%ie§* Fe-st: Q! §ni'§lirg Wrmé em g[}§_}g;;T§;;}rs,i 4: Explore 0urASit_e_s_... 9 Weather Iiiifa Ieasemgm 33% the lcrwvcleazlge you nee : l4ii*gi:a;*: fCi:%:é;h 12):‘ gm-11:‘ l~:id’ss 5;t‘:lr1i,:rii).E§ $5353 933? "3,‘?€3”*‘*l.?... fur: crawls y I I" IA”lnf0p|eaSe (:}:S;?§‘iIltll£éli5j1&‘£f3E Home ..:....:...:,,'.:.. Dawn A"f‘an?f [1 ‘th Wm“ Temple Sir William ?1_AnCé¥;!i!r“"fff-cow United States ’ History 8:. _ _ _ _ _ Govt Temple, Sir William, 1628-99, English diplomat and author. He was _ married in 1655 to Dorothy They settled in Ireland, and in 1661 Bmgraphy Temple entered the Irish parliament. He moved (1663) to England, served SPOITS on various diplomatic missions, and was made a baronet (1666). In 1668 Entertainment he negotiated with great skill and speed a triple alliance with the Business Netherlands and Sweden to check the power of France. He became (1668) society & ambassador to The Hague but was secretly recalled (1670) after Egg D 1 W 1 had concluded the secret Treaty of Dover with LOUIS XIV He was ' 33 ‘A’ ‘Gm Culture . . ' . reappointed (1674) at the conclusion of the unpopular English-Dutch war flag; Heam‘ 8‘ and negotiated the marriage (1677) of William of Orange to Princess Mary ' 5Cie“Ce of England. Temple several times refused to become secretary of state, but Weather he did promote a reorganization (1679) of the privy council. After this , $9 ~ proved a failure, he retired (1681) to his estate, Moor Park, in Surrey and 4 ‘ ‘ I"f0P'ea5e devoted his time to writing. He produced a number of political works and %{i3tfli"§i‘ greacheri essays. Jonathan who was Temple's secretary for various periods in C§i'1‘:::_"’°" the 1690s, helped prepare his letters (1700-1703) and memoirs for publication (parts of both had earlier unauthorized publication). Temple's '* To;§.gg§§‘g. ’ ” essay, OfAncient and Modern Learning (1690), precipitated the famous 5. A Search “ancients versus modems” controversy, which caused Swift to write The mhday Biographies Battle of the Books (1697). Temple's style in his personal essays was long considered a model of balanced and polished prose. I gggmhm ‘ See his life and works (1814); biographies by H. Woodbridge (1940, repr. §ai;;“l: 5°""=e5‘ 1966) and R. c. Steensma (1970). Atlas Almanacs Encyclopedia A Dictionary mg figwfi O-F ' Eiuruscflljag 4' facts 895121": E—mai‘lMthis W page e*"‘"’ . 2.3} 2 *"9""9'“ “V word, then 1 Cllck the The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia Copyright (C) 1994, 2000, Columbia University Press. :8" HotWords® Licensed from Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. button for more info Get FactFinder: @ Print tLS gage Email this page g2__it_etms page free reference center for your desktop http ://www.infoplease.com/ce6/people/A084813 1 .htm| 04/08/02 2916. Sir William Temple. 1628-1699. John Bartlett, comp. 1919. Familiar Quc... Page 1 of 1 Earn 5125-3“! 75. l‘Il§§?FlE §Titles fi.utlaiIr5 %£nc3ir;ls%gedia fiiiztimiarg flhemumsi Qiiataiinsias Engiksh tinge Reference > Quotations > John Bartlett, comp. > Eailliar Q , 10th ed. > 2916. Sir William Temple figfigivg ful »: EBEVIOUS NEEX/T 3* training. CONTENTS - BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD - AUTHOR INDEX - CONCORDANCE J31: Downiaat . . . your John Bartlett (1820-1905). Familiar Quotations, 10th ed. 1919. E-hack NUMBER: 2916 gag}! AUTHORI .S.iL...Wj.l..la..m1Iemm..e (1628-1699) QUOTATION: Books, like proverbs, receive their chief value Qfigi from the stamp and esteem of ages through I~é‘?»_»§§-‘ii which they have passed. ATTRIBUTION= Ancient and Modern Learning. BIOGRAPHY: Columbia Encyclopedia. CONTENTS - BIBLIOGRAPHIC RECORD - AUTHOR INDEX - CONCORDANCE 2: PREVIOUS NEXT ;> Search Amazon: I __ Click here to shop the Bartleby Bookstore. Welcome - Press 0 Advenisinq - Linking - Terms of Use -© 2002 Ba_rt_lgp1§g_m 93% SAVE THIS fig EMAIL THlS -E53 iuiost POPULAR W : Cii3mn11tc1'i"It1te1“11et People Eam $135 - $17’;-'~ an hour. Wo1'k from your Home. Receive full training. To get started, Dowillnad ymlr FREE Eflook, nE3W.HumeEmu1nVec1.cnm Qliatzk herel http://www.bart|eby.com/100/188.1.html O4/08/O2 Page 1 of 1 William Temple Garden Visit and .5“m?s1§”1t Fjm Travel Guide _l:l.Q_M_liE_A§.E $é%'%§fl (Fix/iA’\iBi3DT§gN Qgrflgacaiagg GARDENINQ I_l\LF_Ql3MATIOfl COPYRIGHT STORE WRAVEL frua '''' ‘W _Ii_ljVgQ_eg__W)g,__tO short biographies- Sir William Temple b1628 d1699 b1628 d1699 An English diplomat and essay writer. William Temple negotiated the Triple Alliance (1688) of England, Holland and Sweden against France. William Temple was an outstanding essay writer and retired to Moor Park to write his memoirs. His wife (1627-1694) was a notable letter-writer and 42 of her letters were published in T P Courtney's Life of William Temple. Lord Macaulay wrote an essay about them in the Edinburgh Review. William Tsmp|_s's famous essay Of Gardenin in the Year 1685 is on the gig. http://www.gardenvisit.com/b/temple.htm 04/08/O2 Page 1 of 2 [Sir] William Temple [Sir] William Temple No res I Qua ta tions . _ . wry References Warts Criticism Commas Life Life dson of Sir William Temple (b-1555)? ed‘ _ - (1632-1704), gran 1628-1699, son of sir John Temple - . orne 1655; settled in Ireland and became Emmanuel College; travelled in Europe, DorC:t5h5y3-Ofitnsucclessful diplomatic mission to [German] Irish MP? moved to England and. Settled tso EerLT,ssels' created baronet, 1666; ambassador to United P"“Ce‘b'5h°p °f Munster’ 1665' envoy I‘ h d relations with John de Witt, at the Hague; effected Provinces (Netherlands), and there estab IS de 1668. Hague ambassador; his plans frustrated by Triple Alliance of England, H0_”a“dr _and SW6 .f:éraWn ’1670. retired ta sheen; composed Essay on Charles II’s understanding with Louis XIV,dW| mn ‘Iéte segtlementll but recommending despotic the Present state of Ire/am?’ '(1668) Con ffngovgrnment (1671), anticipating Filmer’s patriarchal severity; Essa)’ upon the Original Nature 0672 - brou ht about marriage of Wimam of Orange and theory; Observfitioiyst on t_?em/\ees,t/7IFIT/asne(cj:ie(t1a:iryslgip of state 1677' participated in conference but Mary’ d9‘ of t e U We a - ' - ' fused secre-Itaryshlp; l‘€VlVed PFWY C0UnC”r disapproved of Treat)’ Of Nlmegue-“I 1679' aga'n.re h‘ nectarines at Sheen- struck off Privy 1679; opposed Charles 11 a''bitra''Y govemment; renred t.0 I5 | ' but resented himself after Council list, 1681; purchased Moor Park; took no part in Revo UUOR Pl ed Jonathan Swift second flight of James II; refused secreta_rySh_lP; at M°0'” Pa_rkf eS_eTph?)' who assisted him supposed by Denis Johnston and others an illegitimate son of his _-, ||’_ _0 I I I I editing his own Memoirs and advised William III during his own \ll’ldl5pO:|tl0l:j, i3N:i;3Clii::1r:9dLteZ<|?n\i/r:3£lJ§' of essays as Miscellanea (1680, 1692), |l”lClUd|“9 that_ 0“ Anden (ajnb t d_d not Ubnsh a’ uncritically considered the Epistles to Phalaris to be_ genuine, commencegs IJP I b Psir W T reply to Bentley; published An Introduction to the History of England (16 ), Oems V - - (priv. 1695); cl. May [but see infra], bur. Westminster. DNB [top] Commentary Leerssen, Sir William Temple, ‘An Essay on the Advancement of trade in Ireland’, in The Works of Sir William Temple, 4 vols., London 1770 (vol. 3, pp.5-31), speaks of the necessity ‘to introduce, as far as can be, a vein of parsimony throughout the country, in all things that are not perfectly the native growths and manufactures.’ This in a letter to the lord lieutenant Essex. Later in the same letter he presciently warns that among Irish industries however the woollen industry ‘seems not fit to be encouraged’. [Joseph Leerssen, Mere Irish & F/or Ghael (1986). p.349] Gerard McCoy, "'Patriots, Protestants and Papists": Religion and the Ascendancy, 1714-60’, Bu//an: An Irish Studies Journal, Vol. 1 No. 1 (Spring 1994), pp.105—18, remarking that Protestant writers of the period in question relied on Temple's History of the Irish Rebellion for information about References Constantia Maxwell, The Stranger in Ireland (1954), Chap. IX, n.4, Sir William m. Dorothy Osborne in 1653, left Ireland in 1663. W. B. Stanford, Ireland and the Classical Tradition (1984), Sir William Temple, b. London of Irish parents, afterwards spent some time in Ireland; strongly s Ancient and Modern Learning (1690), asserting the so-called 6th c. Letters of Phalaris to be forgeries in Reflections upon Ancient and Modern Learning (1694); [163] Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery published an edition (1695) supporting their authenticity, making slighting remarks about Richard Bentley, who replied trenchantly, occasioning an insolent reply from Boyle, assisted by member of Christ Church, Oxford, remarking Bentley's ‘publick affront’; this led to Bentley's magisterial Dissertation on the Letters of Phalaris (1699) which totally overwhelmed Boyle in terms http://www.pgil—eirdata.org/htmI/pgil_datasets/authors/t/Temple,Wm(d1699)/li... 04/08/02 [Sir] William Temple Page 2 Of 2 of scholarship; the Irish historian Henry Dodwell supported Bentley in a Discourse Concerning the Time of Phalaris (1704), pleading for less bad temper. [164] Marsh's Library, Dublin, holds Letters to the King, the prince of Orange, the chief ministers of state and other persons, 3 vols. (London: Tim Goodwin and Benj. Tooke 1703), 80; Miscellanea, 3 vols. (1680, 1692, and 1701); Memoirs (1692), both with the assistance of Jonathan Swift. [E913] Notes Muriel McCarthy and Caroline Sherwood—Smith, Hibernia Resurgens (Marsh's Library 1994), notes that Swift recorded at the time of Temple's death that ‘He died at one o'clock this morhing, the 27 January 1698-9 and with him all that was good and amiable among men.’ [ :99. ] Princess Grace Irish Library (Monaco): 2001 httpi//Www pgil-elrdata or - ' - 9/html/pgll datasets/authors/t ~ /Temple Wm(d1699)/ll 04 ————— I /O8/O2 Page 1 of 3 intro Introduction rk as Richard Bentley's Dissertation UPC” Pha/5'75 mayd . - ' th I ss, I shall say a few WOF S hardly seem tto requcijre al1fler\i/:FI(‘)e(2lfl;$:lrC1)(l':\e.SNE(]3r|:C? thienecessary bibnographyl here to give t e rea er a ' th latter decades of ' t d the Moderns erupted in e _ _ thTh$7(’ghIiZ:tuOr:Iti7net’f\i’eCl:e7nil:3r.;.cademy. Somewhat later, Sir William Temple e ' ' I er wrote an (a diplomat now known as the your1_9 J0het_heh S"_"'ft S emp 9y ) ientS_ essay OfAncient and Modern Learning, weighing in on the Side Of the ahe Such a famous wo In that essay (published 1690), Temple including the following fatal paragraph: It may perhaps be further affirmed, in favour of the ancients, that the oldest books we have are still in their kind the best. The two most ancient that I know of in prose, among those we call profane authors, are Aesop's Fables and Pha|aris’s Epistles, both living near the same time, which was that of Cyrus and Pythagoras. As the first has been agreed by all ages since for the greatest master in his kind, and all others of that sort have been but imitations of his original; so I think the Epistles of Phalaris to have more grace, more spirit, more force of wit and genius, than any others I have ever seen, either ancient or modern. I know several learned men (or that usually pass for such, under the name of critics) have not esteemed them genuine; and Politian, with some others, have attributed them to Lucian: but I think he must have little skill in painting, that cannot find out this to be an original; such diversity of passions, upon such variety of actions and passages of life and government, such freedom of thought, such boldness of expression, such bounty to his friends, such scorn of his enemies, such honour of learned men, such esteem of good, such knowledge of life, such contempt of death, with such fierceness of nature and cruelty of revenge, could never be presented but by him that possessed them; and I esteem Lucian to have been no more capable of writing, than of acting what Phalaris did. In all one writ, you find the scholar or the sophist; and in all the other, the tyrant and the commander. Habent sua fata /ibe//i, and this innocent paragraph proved pregnant with mighty change. After Temple published his Essays, William Wotton responded with his Reflections an Ancient and Modern Learning (1694). The next year the l_-Ion. Caries-Boyle, the future Earl of Orrery, then a 19 year-old student, published an edition of the Phalaris letters for a “B. A. thesis.” For this edition Boyle had wished to borrow a MS. from the Royal Library, whose Keeper was Richard Bentley, D. D. Though the ineptitude of booksellers, a misunderstanding_occure_d, Boyle spoke sarcastically of Bentley in print, accusing him of withholding the MS out of “his customary humanity” (pro so/ita http://eee.uci.edu/~papyri/bentley/intro.html 04/08/02 Page 2 of 3 ‘W0 I uabble . e sown for a full—sca e sCl - humanitate sua), and the seeds W€|” . . - - d by . - d edition of his Reflections, grace Mearmmei Wottor.‘ "”b"‘°’he,g alS_=Si(?s(tl.ers of Phalaris, Themistocles, Socrates, Bentleyrg DlSSel‘l.'aJIf\l'7 Fatjef which Wotton apparently invited his good Euripides? &C' an es. ' could not apply the commonplace friend Bentley to contribute. The rest —one _ COUS and . - ‘ clay took sides, and a rau better than —is historY- The WW5 of the_ _ _ , . . B tte, of the . _ ding with Swift s hilarious a amusing pamphlet war broke out, en Bfilfiksmust not imagine that this and other scholarly controversies were (or e ' - ' t Nicholson are) mere shameful parades of spite and hate. As the essayes 6 260) Baker says (in “Lumber”The Size of Thoughts, Random House, 199 , p. I discussing Pope's adversary Lewis Theobald: [Theobald’s satire] The Cave of Poverty_is not dull, it's almgst knew- Dickensian, and Shakespeare Restored isn t dull either, as ope _ _ , the entertaining war between Bentley and Boyle over the authenticity of the letters of Phalaris had shown would—be pamphleteers that few things will get the readerly pulse racing like the spectacle of.well—read scholars going after each other in the vernacular. (The Poggio vs. Filelfo and Milton vs. Salmasius bouts were fought in Latin.) There was a market for learned strife in racy English. Bentley was surely the most consummate academic political in history, and he wrote his expanded Phalaris with an eye on the main chance. Such learning so vigorously and publicly displayed could not but have helped him obtain the Mastership of Trinity. We Classicists esteem Bentley's Dissertation as the point where our discipline ceased being sentimental and became scientific. Whether this judgment is correct or not is still disputed. I wish to direct the reader to three internet sites which provide background and discussion. 1.) http://www.bartleby.com/219/1301.html which contains succinct and informative chapters on Bentley and the Phalaris controversy from the Cambridge History of English Literature. 2.), httpI//CCat.SaS.Ul3enn-edu/bmcr/2002/2002-O3-43.html , a recent review, by John Henderson of Cambridge, of a book in German by Vinko Hinz. Mr. Henderson discusses the Phalaris controversy with great intelligence and wit. 3.) Thomas Babington Macaulay, in his review of Thomas Courtney's Memoirs of the Life and Correspondence of Sir William Temple, on-line at http:/llIbrarv.net4u.ro/_Clutenberci/lcahe1_O/cal35.html, also discusses the Phalaris controversy._ Sir Richard Jebb’s biography of Bentley is also pleasant reading, full of astonishing academic tales. My copy-text for this on-line edition was Bentley's A Dissertation upon Phalaris, with an Answer to the Objections of the Hon. Char/es Boyle, 2nd. edition, London, 1699. This volume, overstuffed with notes and wrangling, runs to 500 and more pages. What I have reproduced here is the blocks in http ://eee. uci.ed u/~papyri/bentley/intro.html 04/08/02 intro Page 3 of 3 large type, which represent the original Dissertation appended to Wotton’s book. I have stayed as close as possible to the typography of my copy-text. All the notes here are Bentley's own. I had at first some notion of supplementing them; upon reflection, this seemed to me, as S. J. Perelman has it, to “geld the lily”; second, Bentley is perfectly clear with his references, and he expected his readers to be capable of following them up. In typing the Dissertation up I had to match wits with Dr. Bentley, and I learned a thing or two, and I trust that you, reader, will enjoy meeting such a mind without a go- between. Otto Steinmayer Lundu, Sarawak 5 May 2002 WP5//eee-UCi-edu/~papyri/benuey/intro html ‘ ' 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 1 Of 11 English Background of the Temple Family Extracted from William Temple of Prince George County, Virginia and His Descendants by Lucy Temple Temple. There are many traditions concerning the early history of the Temple family which differ in some ways and cannot, therefore, all be accurate. The sources from which this account is mainly extracted will be given at the end of the chapter. Discrepancies in names, dates, generation gaps, etc., have been resolved on the basis of reliability and consistency with the known facts of English history. After 1421, there is complete agreement, and the lineage becomes clear and authentic. The beginnings of the Temples go so far back that they are lost in antiquity. The pedigree charts that we have seen start with Robert de Temple about 1216. However, we chose to go back to the Mercians because it gives a logical and probably lineage up to the time of "Temple Hall'' and the Temples do believe that their family is of great antiquity. This account begins with Croeda, an Anglican chieftain, who formed the Kingdom of Mercia in central England in the year 586 A.D. He died in 610, and was succeeded by Wibba, who died in 627, and was succeeded by Penda. He made of Mercia an independent kingdom and he was the first king, dying in 655 and leaving the throne to Paeda. During the reign of Paeda, the kingdom was overthrown. His son, whose name we do not have, lived in exile. He was the father of Ethelbald, who regained the throne in 716 or 718. He died in 752. The son of Ethelbald whose name we do not have, died before his father, and his son, Offa, revolted against his grandfather to make himself king. Offa died in 769, and was succeeded by his son, Conwulf, who in turn was succeeded by Wiglaf. In the reign of Wiglaf, Egbert, King of Wessex, forced all the other kingdoms to acknowledge his sovereignty, and since Egbert ruled 802-839, we have a firm date for the time of Wiglaf. Burhulf, who http://www.temple—genea|ogy.com/lucy_temple.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 2 of 11 succeeded Wiglaf, was also subject to the King of Wessex, from whom the royal line of united England is descended. Burhiulf was followed by Burhed who ruled 851-871. Burhed was the last king of Mercia, abdicating in 871 when Alfred came to the throne of Wessex. Ethelred, the son of Burhed, married Ethelfreda, a daughter of Alfred the Great, and was given the title "Earlderman" of Mercia. By this union the Temples are of the royal line of Britain, for it is their descendants, according to the Mercian theory, who eventually got the name "Temple." One of their sons was the father of Alfere, Earl of Mercia, who was succeeded by Alforic, who was followed by Edric Streone. He died in 1016 which was the year Canute, the Dane, became King of England. The Danes gave Alfred trouble and after his death in 901, they seized power and ruled over the country for some quarter of a century. Continuing the line of descent, Edric Streone was followed by Leofwine, who died in 1027, and was succeeded by the illustrious Leofric and his wife, Lady Godiva, the daughter of the Earl of Lincoln. Leofric was known as the "Kingmaker," for it was he who restored the throne to the English in the person of Edward the Confessor, in the year 1042. While Leofric freed the country from Danish rule, the result was only to bring in the Normans. Leofric has a secure place in history, not only because he restored the throne to the English but because he built so many abbeys. Those in Hereford, Wenlock, Worcester, Stowe Leof, and the most celebrated, Coventry, wee attributed to him. Lady Godiva, an heiress of vast wealth, "stripped" herself of her jewels to enrich the church abbey at Coventry where they were both buried. Henry VIII “stripped" the church of these jewels which were of inestimable value. Leofric died in 1057 and Godiva in 1086. The noble Godiva‘s fame does not rest on her good works but on a "ride" which researchers have found no proof that it ever took place. The legend may have originated in the charitable "denuding" of herself for religious purposes. This folklore tale is firmly entrenched in English tradition and is reenacted each year in Coventry. Algar, the son of Leofric, was succeeded by Edurpi, his son or younger brother. The latter was killed in 1071 while resisting William the Conqueror. Edurpi was succeeded by Edwyn, who at this time had settled on a small piece of ground which had been set aside for http ://www.temp|e—genealogy.com/|ucy_temple.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 3 Of 11 religious purposes, and therefore not confiscated by the Normans. It is from this holding, located in Leicester, near the village of Sibson, that the name "Temple originated, and where the successor to the original Temple Hall still stands. How Edwyn came into possession is not known, some sources believe it was given by Leofric to the Knights Templars and that Edwyn obtained it from them. Others think it was set aside by Lady Godiva as the site of an abbey and that Edwyn retired there after the Normans confiscated his vast hereditary domain. With the loss of the earldom of Mercia, the defeat of Harold II and the death of Edurpi, whose wife was Edyta, sister of Harold, this powerful family, holding only Temple Hall, was reduced to the status of "Gentleman." Some five hundred years passed before the Temples were again honored with titles. During this period, they produced eminent men who left their mark in the annals of England. Edwyn was known as Edwyn de Temple and from this time "de Temple" was added to the names of his descendants until the "de" was dropped sometime in the 15th century. Temple Hall was held by the Leicester branch of the Temple family until 1663 when it was confiscated by Charles II because Sir Peter Temple signed the death warrant of Charles I. Sir William Temple, the statesman, in 1667 wanted to buy it but his father persuaded him that it had fallen into such a deplorable state of repair as to require vast sums to restore. This was the original structure built in Saxon or early Norman times and was at one time surrounded by a moat. The present Georgian house stands on the site of the old. The second story paneling and some carvings are believed to have been selected from the ruins of the ancient manor. Mounds in the yard cover the foundation of a much larger building. Had Sir William purchased the ancestral estate, very likely it would have been restored to resemble its original appearance and might still be in Temple hands. The kings of Mercia played an important role in the early history of Britain, which has no official birthday just as the Mercians do not. In the days when there was no English Channel, many tribes of the Celtic strain wandered into this northeast corner of Europe and established themselves there but not much is known of them beyond their curious Druid worship. Recorded history began with the conquest of Julius Caesar in 55 B.C. The Romans brought with them Christianity and civilization but had to carry on constant guerilla http://www.temple-genealogy.com/|ucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 4 Of 11 warfare with the natives whom Caesar himself described as ferocious. So in 406 A.D., the Romans, having troubles at home, left; however roads built by them still testify to their influence on the land. The next wave of pagan tribes to inundate Britain was the fair- halred, blue-eyed Teutons, but they too had to wage ruthless warfare against the natives led, according to tradition, by King Arthur. These wild, barbaric, heathen warriors finally prevailed, setting up their chieftains as rulers in various kingdoms, one of the strongest of which was Mercia, governed by the Anglican Croeda. All during this period the Anglo-Saxons had to fight against the fury of the Northmen who were determined to dislodge them. After Alfred's death, the Danes did succeed in gaining the power and were the rulers for twenty-five years. This indecisive struggle went on until the Danes were assimilated into the English culture, adding to the British lore all the arts of the sea. The strong, sturdy, self-reliant character of the Anglo-Saxon with its emphasis on family life became the fundamental and decisive element which enabled this little island to mold a large part of the modern world. Resuming the account of the family: Henry of Temple Hall and Little Shepey continued the line of descent from Edwyn, followed by Geoffrey de Temple whose reputed descendant, Robert de Temple, was in possession of Temple Hall about 1216. This Robert is certified to bear arms in the reign of Henry III, and his family was among the first honored with hereditary arms. Arms were then granted under rigid rules to distinguished persons of noble birth and is strong evidence that the Temples were descended from the Earls of Mercia. At this point, 1216, Heralds‘ College begins the pedigree chart prepared in 1574 for John Temple of Stowe, and that for John Temple of The Nash in 1824. Robert was succeeded by William, followed by Henry who married Maude Ribbisford and was seated at Temple Hall in 1279. Henry was succeeded by his son Richard, father of Nicholis, who was succeeded by his son, Nicholis, father of Thomas Temple whose wife was Joan Bradbridge. Their son, Robert, married Joan, daughter and heir of William Shepey, who brought Shepey Magna into the family. From Robert's time, about 1421, all authorities give the same lineage, and the descent is completely clear. Nicholis, who succeeded Robert, died without issue, and was succeeded by his brother Robert who married http://www.temple—genea|ogy.com/Iucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 5 of 11 Grace Turnyle and were the parents of several sons and daughters, the eldest son, Richard, continued the line at Temple Hall. The second son, Thomas, married Mary Gedney and they were the progenitors of the great houses of Stowe, Buckingham and Palmerston. Richard, who continued the line at Temple Hall, married Elizabeth Vincent; their son Roger was followed by his son, Richard, whose son Richard was succeeded by Edmund. Peter, the third son of Edmund, inherited Temple Hall, due to the deaths of his two elder brothers, Jonathan and Paul. Peter never expected to receive the heritage and was apprenticed to a London linen draper in Friday Street. He appears to have been an ardent Puritan, leading a Parliamentary force and signing the death warrant of Charles I. Cromwell rewarded his services by giving him residence in Whitehall and a voice in deliberations of state during the Protectorate. When Charles II was restored to the throne, Sir Peter was tried, convicted, reprieved, and died in the Tower of London in 1663. By supporting Cromwell, he lost Temple Hall which had been theirs for many generations, and it has not since been held by any branch of the Temple family. His kinsman, Col. James Temple also signed the death warrant but pleaded that he had done so as a spy for the king. However, he was under suspicion and spent some time in the Tower. He was removed to a prison in Jersey and was there in 1668 when all trace of him ended. With Thomas de Temple and his wife, Mary Gedney, the various branches of the family begin to emerge. Their son, William, dropped the "de" and was known simply as William Temple. He married Isabel Everton and had Thomas Temple who married Alice Heritage, and they were the parents of Peter who married Mylycent Jekyll. Peter was rated as the richest Englishman of his day. From his mother he inherited Burton Dassett in Warwick not far from Temple Hall. The interesting old church and graves as well as parts o the old structure remain. Its brooding presence makes on conscious of its great antiquity and perhaps a weird feeling that it is the home of the spirits of those who lived there long, long ago. Peter obtained from Queen Mary lands and a house in Buckingham, so he was a Roman Catholic for Mary would never have given them to a heretic. Peter then leased the Stowe property for his home and died there 28 May 1577. His http://www.temp|e—genealogy.com/|ucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin A Page 5 Of 11 son John bought Stowe and became the progenitor of many Temples. His grandson, Abraham, with his wife, Abigail, and two sons came to America in 1636 and settled in Saco, Maine (‘gmploe by Dr. Henry Curtis Temple). From them are descended many of the Temples of New England, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and further west. Their history has been recorded in Some Temple Pedigrees by Levi D. Temple. Peter's second son, Anthony, married Jane Bargrave, and had Peter who died young and William who married Martha Harrison. Their son John married Mary Hammond, sister of the eminent churchman, Henry Hammond. They had John, Henry, Martha, and the celebrated Sir William Temple (1628-1699). Sir William was from an ancient and honorable family and achieved historical greatness from among the Temples whose achievements were noteworthy in the annals of Britain. Volumes have been written about his brilliant career as a great statesman under three monarchs. He is also well known for his long courtship of the gifted and beautiful Dorothy Osborne. Both the Temples and the Osbornes opposed the match but family pressures could not end this great love story. Who could give up such a man? We are fascinated by him and claim a spiritual kinship no matter how many generations separate us from a common ancestor. His physical appearance was extremely prepossessing. He loved the pleasures of social life; and he played a lot of tennis. His vital mind responded to almost any kind of stimulus: politics, the classics, history, the arts, literature (his favorite author was Montaigne) and withal he had a sense of style and judgment to make the most of his talents. He loved nature and said "A fine day is a kind of sensual pleasure." His books on gardening are, in our opinion, the best of his written works. Sir William was a rare individual in whom all the abilities of life-- moral, intellectual, and physical--were blended together in cool harmony. Dorothy and William met on the way to France. He was travelling on the Continent to complete his education, and she and her brother, Robin, were going to visit their father, a Royalist, exiled on St. Malo. Dorothy was delighted with William, and what man of taste could resist her when she allowed her charm to disclose its full sweetness, and so they were soon deeply committed to each other. As many difficulties beset the romance as ever expanded an old—fashioned http://www.temple—genea|ogy.com/Iucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 7 of 11 novel. Sir John had in mind a more brilliant match for his dazzling son, and the Osbornes considered him an atheist, a man of the world, and therefore unstable. The Osbornes do not seem to have been justified for his aristocratic taste and temperament combined to make him a steady supporter of the king and the church. Sir Peter Osborne fought hard for the Royalists in their struggle with Parliament, and was a result suffered exile and the loss of his ancestral home. To regain "Chicksands" cost all that was left of his fortune and, broken in health and spirits, the Osborne's homecoming was a melancholy one. Soon thereafter Lady Osborne died, Sir Peter was an invalid, and the family income sharply reduced. In addition to these problems, Dorothy constantly had to defend William's character from the attacks of her family, particularly her brother, Henry, who stressed the merits of her other suitors to the demerit of William. She had many suitors, among them Henry Cromwell, who procured for her the largest greyhound that could be found for she was fond of dogs, especially large ones. The many lovely letters she wrote to William showed the stress she was under. In one of them she wrote that she seemed destined to walk her dogs in hell, a reference to an old wives‘ tale that spinsters do not go to heaven. A sad, fatalistic note runs through all her letters, yet her love story did have a happy ending. After the death of Sir Peter Osborne, her brothers consented, the dowry was arranged, but Sir John Temple refused to let Henry Osborne take part in the proceedings. Before the marriage, Dorothy came down with smallpox which destroyed her beauty but not Sir William's love, and they were married sometime in the latter part of 1654. It was a good match for he fortified her where she was weak. He was so vivacious, so confident, that he counteracted her tendency to morbidness. They had many children, most of them died in infancy. On son, John (Jack), reached maturity, but took his life at age twenty—one under these circumstances. William and Mary wanted Sir William to head their government but he could not be persuaded to leave his horticultural experiments, but he finally consented that John take the post as Secretary of War. This unfortunate young man inherited the Temple sensitivity to failure, and one week after his appointment, on finding that his advice had led the King into trouble in Ireland, filled his pockets with stones and plunged into the http://www.temple-genealogy.com/Iucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 8 Of 11 Thames. With the death of Jack, all hope of a male heir was gone. He left two daughters, Elizabeth and Dorothy; Elizabeth married John Temple, son of Sir William's brother, John, leaving no issue. Dorothy married Nicholas Bacon and they had a number of children, many of whom died young. Three sons, Basil, John, and Nicholas, reached maturity. Each one, dying without issue, left his inheritance to the next brother, and so, the youngest Nicholas inherited everything. Nicholas Bacon, having no heirs, left the house an everything in it to the Rev. John Longe who had married his wife's sister. It was through the Longes of Spixworth Park, notably Julia, that Dorothy Osborne's letters, now in the British Museum, and the correspondence of Lady Gifford were published. Anyone who claims descent from Sir William Temple does not know his background for his line ended wit the death of Nicholas Bacon. It was inevitable that Sir William would reach the top, make the highest political decisions, live in the bright light of fame and power, while Dorothy wished a life of quiet contemplation. It worked out very well, for his sister, the indefatigable Lady Gifford, became his constant companion, accompanying him on his ambassadorial journeys and writing his memoirs after his death. The Triple Alliance made up of Holland, Sweden and England is said to be his greatest political achievement and is credited with saving England from the encroachment of France. Lady Temple died in May 1694 at Moor Park in Surry, England, and there Sir William died in January 1699. His heart is buried in a silver box under the sun dial in his favorite garden, and his body in Westminster Abbey where his daughter, Diana, and his wife, Dorothy had previously been buried. He instructed in his will that a stone of black marble be placed on the wall above the tomb with the inscription in Latin which he had written for his daughter, wife, sister and himself. After the death of Lady Gifford in 1722, the memorial was set up as directed in the will. The famous Jonathan Swift was Sir William Temple's secretary from 1688 until his death in 1699 when Swift became his literary executor, supervising the publishing of his memoirs and letters. In this capacity he had acrimonious differences with Lady Gifford. He admired Lady Temple, writing of her as wise, peaceful and great, but http://www.temple-genealogy.com/lucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 9 Of 11 was she peaceful? Her earlier letters showed that she believed that fate was against her, and in the last one written to her nephew on the death of her beloved son John, on gets the feeling that she was right not to trust fate. The superiority of Swift's work is due in large measure to his association with Sir William Temple, and even though his proud spirit was made miserable in the servants‘ hall, he gained immortality as a writer. Here he met Lady Gifford's waiting maid, Hester Johnson, known in literature as "Stella." He described her as perfect in every feature and professed to have loved her but he did not marry her. Swift's writing is alive for he had first hand knowledge of the political leaders. He wrote as if he had spent his entire life among those in high places, and to whom the most important affairs of state were as familiar as his daily bread. To Sir William belongs the credit for bringing great men and great events as raw material to the mind of the genius, Jonathan Swift. The mention of other Temples who achieved greatness will be brief. Sir Richard Temple, known as Viscount Cobham, held many high offices, a long list can be found in Burke's Peerage. He died without issue and bestowed his viscounty on his sister, Hester Grenville, who thereby became Countess Temple and her eldest son Earl Temple. Her second son, George Grenville, became prime minister and the author of the odious Stamp Act which caused far-reaching consequences. The Countess Temple had a strong taste for politics, and from her sons and grandsons came the "cousinhood" which shaped the English government for a century and changed the course of history. William Pitt, the husband of her only daughter, Hester, came to power when England needed a strong leader. The ardor of his spirit produced victories where there had been defeats, and saved the prestige of Britain in every corner of the globe. In America where the conflict was known as the French and Indian War, Pitt's victory decided that the United States would be English in speech and government. At the very height of Pitt's power, George III asked for his resignation; he wanted his favorite, the Earl of Bute, to head his government. In recognition of Pitt's great service to the Empire, the king granted him 3,000 pounds a year and agreed to grant him anything else he wished. Pitt asked that his wife be made a peeress in her own right, accordingly she was created "Baroness of Chatham." http ://www.temple-genealogy.com/lucy_temple.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 10 of 11 William Pitt, the Younger, entered politics at the age of twenty-one, and was prime minister when he was twenty-five. His meteoric rise was probably due to his father, "The Great Commoner," ever beloved by the English people. The younger Pitt, unlike his father, was a man of peace and tried to keep his country out of war but was drawn into conflict with Napoleon. It is thought that Napoleon's victories combined with Temple sensitivity to failure brought about his untimely death. The alliances he formed eventually brought about Napoleon's downfall but he did not live to see the victory. Sir John Temple was the first ambassador sent to the United States by George III; he was consul general in 1788 and died in Boston in 1798. There are a number of published accounts of his eminent New England descendants. His niece, Sarah, married John Jacob Seibels, a learned German who had recently immigrated to America to forget a broken romance. Sixteen year old Sarah Temple soon had his heart on the mend. Robert Emmet, the beloved Irish patriot, was the grandson of Rebecca Temple. His short and romantic life was celebrated in the ballads of Thomas Moore. The patriotic fervor of Robert Emmet for Irish independence led to his condemnation as a rebel. He spoke in behalf of his vindication and this speech has never been equalled and stands as a model of oratory. One of his brothers was Thomas Addis Emmet who came to New York and established the famous line of Emmets in this country. Henry John Temple, Lord Palmerston, was prime minister at the time of the Civil War. It is believed that he favored the Southern Cause but his desire to keep England neutral was stronger than his sympathy for the South. With the exception of Sir William, the Temples mentioned here were selected because they had some connection with this country. Macaulay wrote in his work that long after the death of Sir William, members of the Temple family were almost constantly at the head of the Government or the Opposition; that they produced so many eminent men and some splendid were their fortunes that the highest offices for a hundred years were filled by the counsinhood, as it was called. Under the Hanoverian monarchs, the Temples virtually ruled England. In America they have been prominent through all the generations, contributing their abilities to its development on local, state and national levels. Members of the Temple family have had distinguished careers in politics, medicine, law, engineering, http://www.temple-genealogy.com/Iucy_temp|e.htm 04/08/02 Lucy Temple's View of TEMPLE Origin Page 11 of 11 education and business. The achievement of some of them will be given in these pages. SOME SOURCES: Memoirs of the Life, Work and Correspondence of Sir William Temple by Thomas Peregrine Courtenay History and Antiquaries of the County of Leicester by John Nichols Two Quiet Lives by David Cecil Egg by Dr. Henry Curtis Temple (1930, Alliance Ohio) Temple Family by Lillian Clark Temple Memoirs by Col. James Alexander Temple (1924, London) Return to Name OricLin and the Provenance of Abraham Return to Table of Contents http ://www.temple-genea|ogy.com/|ucy_temple.htm 04/08/02