GENUKI: Londesborough Parish information from Bulmers' 1892. Page 1 of 4

 

 

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LONDESBOROUGH:
Geographical and Historical information from the year 1892.

Wapentake of Harthill (Holme Beacon Division) — County Council Electoral Division of
Londesborough — Petty Sessional Division of Holme Beacon — Poor Law Union and
County Court District of Pocklington - Rural Deanery of Weighton - Archdeaconry of
the East Riding - Diocese of York.

This parish and township is situated on the fringe of the Wolds, and comprises an area
of 4,256 acres. The surface is undulating and well timbered. The soil is of a chalky
character, and the subsoil principally chalk. The Earl of Londesborough is lord of the
manor and owner of the whole parish, with the exception of the glebe. The rateable
value is £4,079, and the number of inhabitants in 1891 was 380.

Though Londesborough does not figure very conspicuously in the pages of history, it is
nevertheless a place of considerable antiquity, and would appear, from the terminal of
its name, to have been of some consequence in Saxon times. At Londesborough, in the
opinion of Mr. Wright, the eminent Saxon scholar, and many other authorities, stood the
villa or palace of Edwin, King of Northumbria, wherein, in the year 627, the king and
his councillors sat in conference, discussing the relative merits of their own pagan creed
and the new religion taught by Paulinus. The Venerable Bede has left us a graphic
account of the discussion. Coifi, the high priest, counselled the adoption of the new
religion; for, said he, "few have served our pagan gods more faithfully than I, and yet
few have been less fortunate." To this profound theologian succeeded a noble thane,
who thus spoke :— " Often, 0 king, in the depth of winter, while you are feasting with
your thanes, and the fire is blazing on the hearth in the midst of the hall, you have seen a
bird, pelted by the storm, enter at one door and escape by the other. During its passage it
was visible, but whence it came, or whither it went, you know not. Such to me appears
the life of man. He walks the earth for a few years, but what precedes his birth, or what
is to follow after his death, we cannot tell. Undoubtedly, if the new religion can unfold
these important secrets, it must be worthy of our attention." Others spoke; then Paulinus
was introduced to the assembly, and expounded the principal doctrines of Christianity.
All present declared their willingness to accept the new creed; and Coifi, crying out,
"There is none more fit than I to destroy the idols which I worshipped through
ignorance," led the way to Godmundingaham (Goodmanham), and there, in desecration,
hurled his lance at the pagan temple, and then fired it with a torch. Edwin and his
courtiers were baptised in a wooden church hastily erected at York, and 10,000 of his
subjects in the river Swale. A

Some writers claim for Londesborough an origin more remote than the Saxon period,
and assert that it is the site of the much—disputcd Roman station of Delgovitia. Its
position agrees with the distances given in the Antonine Itinerary, and a Roman road
was discovered some years ago, while cutting a canal in the park. Goodmanham, Market
Weighton, and Millington have also been fixed on as the site of the lost Delgovitia.
Roman coins and interments have been frequently found while digging in the village
and park grounds, but neither inscribed frestones nor foundations, such as one might
expect to mark the site of a Roman station.

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The lordship of Londesborough was anciently held of the archbishops of York by the
FitzHerberts, and it afterwards passed, in the reign of Richard II., to the Bromfletes. In
less than a century the male line of this family terminated, and the manor was conveyed,
by the marriage of Margaret, daughter and heiress of Henry Bromflete and Baroness de
Vesci in her own right, to John, Lord Clifford. This nobleman espoused the Lancastrian
cause in the Wars of the Roses, but tarnished his military fame, at the battle of
Wakefield, by the murder of the youthful Earl of Rutland, brother of Edward IV. Three
months later he himself was slain at the battle of Towton, which crushed for a time the

fortunes of the Red Rose of Lancaster, and proved very disastrous to the house of
Clifford.

Margaret bore her husband two sons, and a pathetic interest attaches to the eldest, whose
story forms one of the most beautiful and touching episodes in the traditionary lore of
the north. To save her children from the fury of the Yorkists, who thirsted to avenge the
death of the young Earl of Rutland, the widowed mother sent her youngest boy secretly
to Flanders, and, Henry, the eldest, then seven years of age, she conveyed to her father's
estate at Londesborough, and there placed him in the care of a shepherd, who had
married one of her inferior servants. Here he was brought up as the shepherd's own son,
without any knowledge of his birth and high lineage. Lady Clifford subsequently
became the wife of Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, a kind—hearted man and a Yorkist. When the
boy was about 14 years of age, a rumour spread abroad that the son of the Blackfaced
Clifford, as the father was styled, was living in concealment in Yorkshire. Fearful lest
the rumour should lead to his discovery, his mother had him immediately removed and
placed under the care of another shepherd on her husband's estate at Threlkeld, in
Cumberland. As heretofore, all knowledge of his noble birth was kept from him, he
tended the sheep on the hillside, fed on the shepherd's homely fare, and was clad in a
garb suitable to his occupation. Here he lived till the age of manhood, when the battle of
Bosworth, the last in the Wars of the Roses, placed the Lancastrian family again on the
throne. The young Clifford was restored to his birthright, and to all the possessions of
the family, which had been forfeited by the death of his father on the losing side at the
battle of Towton. The mother lived to see her son installed in the home of his
forefathers, and Wordsworth has commemorated the event in his "Song at the feast of
Brougham Castle." The good Lord Clifford, as he was afterwards called, was 32 years
old when restored to his estates and had never learned to read. He is described by his
descendant, the Countess of Pembroke, as "a plain man, who lived for the most part a
country life, and came seldom either to Court or London, excepting when called to
Parliament, on which occasions he behaved himself like a wise and good English
nobleman."

"In him the savage virtues of his race,
Revenge and all ferocious thoughts were dead;
Nor did he change; but kept in lofty place
The wisdom which adversity had bred.
Love had he found in huts where poor men lie;
His daily teachers had been woods and rule;
The silence that is in the starry sky,
The sleep that is among the lonely hills"

In the early part of the 17th century Sir Francis Clifford, of Londesborough, succeeded
his brother George in the earldom of Cumberland. His son Henry was the fifth and last
earl of that family. The latter nobleman dying without male issue, his only daughter and
heiress carried the estate in marriage to the Boyles, Earls of Cork, from whom it
descended to the Duke of Devonshire. In 1846 the estate was sold to George Hudson,
Esq., from whom it was purchased, in 1850, by the Hon. Albert Denison Conyngham,
who, the same year, was created Baron Londesborough. Burke, in his "Rise of Great
Families," thus tells the story of Hudson and Lord Londesborough

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"Hudson, the Railway King, as he was called in the days of his glory, built up, for a
time, a colossal fortune by a system of hazard, which astonished everyone; and after a
thousand hairbreadth escapes, made one false step, and sank at once into ruin no less
complete and wonderful than his rise had been. From being the owner of a small shop in
one of the minor gates — that is streets - of York, Hudson, by a singular union of skill
and intrepidity, came to he the possessor of so much wealth that he was enabled to
purchase from the Duke of Devonshire his noble estate of Londesborough. The first in
rank and the first in opulence, the noble from the west end of the metropolis, and the
merchant from the wrong side of Temple Bar — aristocratic — were alike the invited
guests at the table of the Railway King, all paying homage in his person to the deity of
Fortune. But while the humble Yorkist was thus sailing before the wind, the gifted and
amiable Lord Albert Conyngham, who had embarked upon the same voyage of
speculation, met with nothing but storms and shipwreck. While Hudson was making a
fortune by railways, his lordship was losing one, and was forced to seek a temporary
refuge abroad. But, again, the wheel of fortune went round. Hudson's schemes burst on
the sudden, like the soap bubbles blown by some idle schoolboy; he was at once stript of
his borrowed plumage, while Lord Albert — the ruined Lord Albert — having inherited a
large fortune from his uncle, Mr. Denison, purchased from Hudson the princely property
of Londesborough. The career of Mr. Denison himself, to whom the noble house of
Londesborough thus owes its rise, was one of the marvels of fortune. A poor lad, from
Yorkshire, he made his way to London, and ascending the ladder step by step, raised
himself honestly and honourably from the humblest to the highest position in an eminent
bank, and died leaving millions of money."

Lord Londesborough, in compliance with the will of his uncle, assumed the surname of
Denison only. He died in 1860, and was succeeded by his eldest son, the present peer.

The Lodge, formerly the shooting box of the Earl, is situated in a park of 400 acres, in
which is an avenue of venerable elm trees, upwards of a mile in length, said to have
been planted by Garrick, who was a frequent visitor at the hall; and among the yew trees
is a shady spot, still called Garrick's Grove. The Lodge has been very much improved
and extended by the present noble owner, who intends to make it a residence. The
gardens and stud farm are undergoing extensive alterations and improvements, so that in
a short time quite a lively aspect will be imparted to this otherwise quiet but romantic
spot. The ancient hall of the Cliffords was taken down in 1819.

The village of Londesborough is small but wellbuilt, and stands on the western edge of
the Wolds, two-and-a—half miles north from Market Weighton, and two miles from the

station of its own name, on the York and Market Weighton branch of the North—Eastern
railway.

The church of All Saints is an ancient edifice of stone, in the Norman and Early English
styles, consisting of chancel, nave, north aisle, which extends along the chancel, south
porch, and embattled western tower, with pinnacles, containing three bells. The aisle is
separated from the nave by four pointed arches, and its extension is divided from the
chancel by two similar arches. This aisle, or chapel which it probably was of old, is
enclosed by screen work, and used as a Vestry; and a screen of oak, rich in carving and
colour, separates the chancel from the nave. The arcades belong to the transition period,
between the Norman and Early English, and there are later additions in the
Perpendicular style in the chancel and side chapel. The church underwent some repairs
in 1679; and in 1819, the bells and leaden covering of the nave were sold, and the
money used in lowering the roof, forming a plaster ceiling, and erecting high backed
pews and a gallery. The fabric has been carefully restored by Lord Londesborough,
under the direction of Mr. Temple Moore, architect, London. The inner doorway of the

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south porch is supposed to be of Saxon date; the pillars on each side are cut away. In the
wall above are inserted an interlacing Saxon cross and a Saxon sun dial. The east
window is a handsome one of five lights, filled with beautiful stained glass, in 1885, to
commemorate the coming of age of the Hon. Francis Denison, son of the Right Hon.
William, Lord Londesborough, and Edith, Lady Londesborough. '

The church contains many monuments of the Clifford family, many of whom whom lie
buried in "the vault of the chancel." The oldest is a brass, dated 1493, in memory of
Margaret, Lady Clifford and Vesci, daughter and heiress of Henry Bromflete, Lord
Vesci, whose first husband was John, Lord Clifford and Westmorland, as stated above,
It is interesting to note that Lady Grace Fane, wife of Lord Raincliffe, only son of the
Earl of Londesborough, and daughter of the Earl of Westmorland, is descended from the
Lord Westmorland mentioned on this ancient monument. Another monument, a slab of
black marble, inlaid with white marble, and supported by four marble pillars, is
inscribed to the memory of Lady Grisold, Countess of Cumberland, who died at
Londesborough, in 1613. In the wall of the side chapel is a marble monument,
representing an infant in swaddling clothes, inscribed to Francis Henry, Lord Clifford,
firstborn, who lived six hours, A.D. 1619.

The living is a rectory, worth £800 per annum, including 52 acres of glebe, with
residence, in the gift of the Earl of Londesborough, and held by the Rev. Richard
Wilton, M.A., St. Catherine's College, Cambridge, who was installed as rector in 1889,
on the death of the late Right Hon. and Rev. the Earl of Carlisle, presented in 1836, for
whom he had officiated since 1866, during which time the Right Hon. and Reverend
gentleman was mentally incapacitated. The present rector is also Canon of Givendale, in
York Cathedral. He is author of "Wood Notes and Church Bells"; "Lyrics, Sylvan and
Sacred"; "Sungleams, Rondeaux and Sonnets"; "Benedicite" and other poems.

There is a hospital in the village founded in 1680, by Richard Boyle, second Earl of
Cork and first Earl of Burlington, and Lady Elizabeth (Clifford) his wife, for six old
men and the same number of women, and endowed with £100 a year, charged on the
Londesborough estate. There is also a charity amounting to about £3 yearly, left by Miss
Knowlton for distribution in bread to the poor.

The National school was built in 1830, for the accommodation of 70 children. Average
attendance, 44.

EASTHOPRE is a hamlet, consisting of one farm, one mile east of the village. It is
separately rated for highways, and is titheable to the parish of Goodmanham.

[Description(s) from Bulmer's History and Directory of East Yorkshire (1892)]
Directories

- Transcript of the entry for the Post Office, professions and trades in Bulmer's Directory‘ of
1 892.

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Scan, OCR and html by Colin Hinson. Checking and correction by Peter Nelson.
[Last updated at 17.2] on Thursday, I 9 October 2000, by Colin Hinson. ©1999]

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Papers of the Estates of the Earls of Londesborough (Incorporating the Estate Papers of the Earls of Burlington and the Papers of Selby Abbey)

Author: Hull University, BrynmorJones Library

Reference Code: §B__0O5O DDLO, DDLO12)
Title: Papers of the Estates of the Earls of Londesborough (Incorporating the Estate Papers of the Earls of Burlington and the Papers of Selby Abbey)

Creation Dates: 1230-1952

Creator(s): Denison family, Earls of Londesborough
Extent: circa 8000 items

Held at: Hull University, Brynmor Jones Library
Level of Description: fonds

Note

Originally published by Access to Archives - A2A. The data in this finding aid is in the copyright of the place of deposit.

Language of Material: eng

Administrative History

Selby Abbey

Selby Abbey is located approximately 22 kilometres south of York, close to the Ouse river. It was an independent Benedictine house which came under the diocese of York. in addition to the manorial
records held at the Brynmor Jones, DDLO/20 comprises a large number of the abbey's surviving account rolls, mostly from the 15th century. Many of these have been translated and printed in John
Tillotson, Monastery and society in the late middle ages: selected account rolls from Selby Abbey, Yorkshire, 1398-1537 (1988). Tillotson has located 132 account rolls for Selby Abbey, 65&percnt; of
them at Hull and a remaining third at the Westminster Diocesan Archives, which were transferred to the Brynmor Jones in 1993 and are catalogued as DWE. From these Tillotson has reconstructed life at
the abbey and a full account of the history of Selby Abbey is to be found in the entry for Religious Archives. After the reformation, old abbey lands changed hands a few times, being owned by the Petre
family during the 18th and early 19th century before coming in to the Denison family and incorporated into the diffuse estates of the earls of Londesborough in the mid 19th century.

The Clifford, Boyle and Denison families of Londesborough estate

The 19th century estates of the earls of Londesborough stretched from Selby south of York to Seamer, near Scarborough (the only medieval records in the collection apart from those for Selby are for
Seamer). The heart of the estates was Londesborough which was bought by Lord Albert Denison in 1850. Prior to his ownership Londesborough had passed down through the Clifford and Boyle families
and their estate records date from the late 17th century.

Londesborough had originally been an outlying portion of the archbishop of York's manor of Everingham which passed in 1389 from the Fitzherberts to the Broomfleet family. Henry Boomfleet (d.1469) left
no male heir and Londesborough passed from him to the heirs of his daughter, Margaret, who had married John de Clifford (b.1435). The Cliffords owned Skipton castle and John de Clifford was a
leading Lancastrian who was killed just before the battle of Towton in 1461. His estates were forfeited and his son, Henry (b.1454), went into hiding disguised as a shepherd before being reinstated to his

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lands by Henry Vll in 1485. He died in 1523 and was buried in the chancel of Londesborough with his mother (Neave, Londesborough, pp.8—9; Robinson, Some notes, p.6; Wilton, The Cliffords and
Boyles, pp.18-19).

Henry Clifford's son, also Henry, became friendly with the young Henry Tudor (Henry VIII) and was later made 1st earl of Cumberland. The 2nd earl of Cumberland, also Henry, left his land at
Londesborough and Weighton to his younger son, Francis Clifford (b.1559), for life tenure. His eldest son, George 3rd earl of Cumberland, reverted the land to the use of his brother and his brother's heirs
permanently in 1587, leading to a lengthy and bitter dispute between Francis and his niece, Anne Clifford. He then died without leaving a male heir to the title and Francis Clifford became 4th earl of
Cumberland in 1605. He inherited Skipton castle, but he and his wife, Grisold, lived much of the time in the house they had built at Londesborough upon their marriage in 1589 and she was buried there
(Neave, Londesborough, p.9; Neave, ‘Londesborough Hall‘; Wilton, The Clilfords and Boyles, pp.20—1; Robinson, Some notes, p.7).

Francis and Grisold Clifford had a son, Henry (b.1592), and a daughter, Margaret, who married Thomas Wentvvorth, earl of Strafford (executed 1641). Francis Clifford died in 1641 and his son inherited
the title but only outlived him by two years. Henry Clifford's sons had all died in infancy and the title became extinct upon his death in 1643 and the Londesborough estate was inherited by his daughter,
Elizabeth, who had married Richard Boyle (b.1612). Boyle was the 2nd son of the 1st earl of Cork and in 1664 Charles II made him earl of Burlington for his royalist services during the civil wars. The
estate papers largely begin with this generation of the family and it was Elizabeth and Richard Boyle who employed the architect Robert Hooke to reconstruct the Elizabethan house. The result was a
‘Wren—style country house‘. They also built new stables and gardens as well as making improvements to the village, including the building of a hospital for twelve poor people of the parish and this still
exists (Neave, Londesborough, pp.10—13, 30; Neave, ‘Londesborough Hall‘; Wilton, The Cliflords and Boyles, pp.28-9; Robinson, Some notes, p.7).

Both Elizabeth and Richard Boyle were |ong—lived, Elizabeth dying first in 1690 and Richard in 1698. Their son and successor died in 1694 and his son, Charles, succeeded as 2nd earl of Burlington for
just three years until he too died in 1703. They were all buried in the Burlington vault which had been built under the chancel of the church at Londesborough. The estate was inherited by Richard Boyle
(b.1694), 3rd earl of Burlington. He married Dorothy, daughter of the marquess of Halifax. Richard Boyle was the last and most significant earl of Burlington to own Londesborough. He was a patron of the
arts and an architect and landscaper, who rebuilt his own houses (including Londesborough in the 1730s), advised people like the Maisterfamily on how to build theirs and was responsible for building the
assembly rooms at York. He held several government offices and was on the privy council, He was thus required to be away from Yorkshire for most of each year and he returned to Londesborough for a
few weeks of each year at most (Neave, Londesborough, pp.14—19; Neave, ‘Londesborough Hall‘; Wilton; Robinson, Some notes, p.8).

When Richard Boyle died in 1753 the estates were inherited by his daughter, Charlotte, who was married to William Cavendish, the marquess of Hartington. Sadly Charlotte died at Londesborough only a
year later at the age of 23. Therefore, in 1755 when William Cavendish succeeded to the titles of his father, the estates came into the possession of the dukes of Devonshire. The 4th duke of Devonshire
visited Londesborough several times after his wife's death, but after a while his visits became less frequent and the history of Londesborough from this time is one of neglect. William, 5th duke of
Devonshire (b.1748), succeeded his father upon his death in 1764, but as he had no attachment to Londesborough he visited very infrequently (Neave, Londesborough, pp.16-18; Neave, ‘Londesborough

Hall‘).

William married Georgiana, daughter of Earl Spencer and their son inherited Londesborough on William's death in 1811. The 6th duke of Devonshire had several houses, some, including Londesborough,
in need of repair. His choice, in 1818, was to sacrifice Londesborough in order to spend money on Chatsworth. He used the old bricks to build and repair farms in Londesborough. In 1839 he built a new
house, the Shooting Box, but as he continued to find the Londesborough estate a drain on his finances he sold up for £470,000 in 1845. The new owner was George Hudson, the railway entrepreneur,
whose purchase of 12,000 acres in this area enabled him to block anyone else's access to building the York to Market Weighton railway line (Neave, Londesborough, pp.18-20; Neave, ‘Londesborough

Hall‘).

George Hudson's tenure was brief; he was forced to flee abroad due to financial malpractice and the estate was sold in 1850 to Lord Albert Denison. Albert Denison was the son of the marchioness of
Conyngham, mistress of George IV (he was born Albert Conyngham). The marchioness of Conyngham was the daughter of a Leeds banker who had acquired considerable estates especially around

Seamer, near Scarborough. Her brother succeeded to these estates and when he died without a male heir they were transferred to his nephew, Albert Conyngham, who was then required to take the

name Denison. One of the other requirements was that Albert (Conyngham) Denison use some of his inheritance to purchase further estates and this he did, a year after his uncle's death, when he

acquired Londesborough (Neave, Londesborough, pp.21—3).

Albert Denison took the title Londesborough when he became baron in 1850, but he chose to live in Grimston, only coming to Londesborough for shooting. He died in 1860, when his son, William Henry
Forester Denison (b.1834), succeeded. William Denison was Liberal MP lorthe corrupt boroughs of Beverley and then Scarborough and on joining the Conservatives he was made 1st Viscount Raincliffe
and 1st earl of Londesborough. He inherited £2 million in stocks and a shares and a yearly rental roll of £100,000, but he had been given a taste of an extravagant lifestyle at his coming of age, an
extended and lavish affair held in every estate over several days and involving thousands of guests, and so he proceeded to spend all his money. He had to sell Grimston Park in 1872 to pay off debts. He
died in 1900 and his son, Francis Denison (b.1864), kept up the pattern, hosting expensive royal visits and shooting parties. He was fond of fire brigades so he created one in the village. in 1905 he held a
vast village fete complete with six travelling pygmies and in 1909 he eventually leased the house to an Austrian nobleman (Neave, Londesborough, pp.23—5; Pine, The new extinct peerage, p.183).

When Francis Denison died in 1919 he was succeeded by his eldest son, George (b.1892), as 3rd earl of Londesborough and when he too died in 1920, his younger son, Hugo (b.1894), became the 4th
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and last earl of Londesborough until 1937. In 1923 he sold most of the estate and since that time the Shooting Box (now divided into Londesborough Hall and Londesborough Park) has been owned by Dr
and Mrs Ashwin who live in one half while the other is leased out. Although the earldom became extinct, the barony did not, passing laterally to Hugo Denison's cousin, Ernest William Denison, and it has
since passed down through his heirs. The current owner of the papers is Richard John Denison, 9th Lord Londesborough (b.1959) (Neave, Londesborough, pp.23-8, 32; Pine, The new extinct peerage,

p. 1 83).
Scope and Content

The papers of the Yorkshire estates of the earls of Londesborough arrived in the Brynmor Jones Library in 1974 in two deposits. Comprising around 8000 items, the collection falls into basically two types
of record - medieval charters relating to the administration of Selby Abbey and its estates and later estate papers of the Boyle family, the earls of Cork and Burlington, and then the Denisons or earls of

Londesbo rough.

DDLO is by far the larger deposit and comprises the following: estate papers for the manor of Brayton (1485-1935), including court rolls 1485-1550, a 1638 list of pains and 19th century court rolls and jury
verdicts; court rolls for the manor of Brayton and Thorpe Willoughby (1440-1615); the 1426 court roll for the manor of Crowle; manorial records for Eastoft (1318-1425), including the 1318 court roll, the
bailiffs account rolls for 1356-61 and servants‘ accounts 1425-6; manorial records for the prebend of the prebendary of Fridaythorpe with Goodmanham (1707-1951), including court rolls, jury verdicts,
surrenders and admissions; the same sorts of manorial records for the manor of Gannock (1772-1860), Goodmanham (1707-1896; including a 1776 survey of the allotments within the manor), Hambleton
(1701-1952 including the sale in 1849 to Laura Petre of some closes), Hillam (1811-1951; including extracts of the will of the Reverend Thomas Chester of Lodsham); manorial records of Londesborough
largely of the eighteenth century (1704-1874), including a case involving the earl of Londesborough about responsibility for waits and strays circa 1705, a settlement certificate of William Cobb and his wife
Alice of 1768 and a letter dated 1805 from Rowland Croxton to James Collins about the attendance of tenants at the Londesborough court; manorial records for Market Weighton and Shipton (1674-1951)
divided into 1500 surrenders and admissions (1674-1897) and 800 jury verdicts (1714-1913) for the king's court and 1500 surrenders and admissions (1715-1908) and 800 jury verdicts (1705-1913) for
the lord's court and miscellaneous records for both including accounts of fines received, four letters, the proclamation of the earl of Burlington at the opening of a fair in 1806 and an original bundle of
papers relating to a case of the earl of Burlington against Thomas Worsley 1701-10 over the use of common land in Weighton and North Cliff; manorial court records for Middleton (1679-1945) including
two letters from Suckling Spendlove to James Collins about a mortgage on a cottage in 1770 and the 1847 letter of Elizabeth Petch about the death of her husband who had been bailiff; manorial records
for Monk Frystone (1815-1950), including an extract from the 1841 will of Richard Connell; intermittent court rolls from the manor of Monk Frystone and Hillam (1411-1671); call rolls and verdicts for North
Dalton (1764-1857); the same for Nunburnholme (1750-1850); a small number of the same for Osgodby (1824-1856); court rolls for the manor of Over Selby alias Bondgate from 1399-1418 and then
sporadically until 1552; manorial and miscellaneous records for Seamer (1743-1852), including jury verdicts, presentments and call rolls, the 1790 appointment of John Lockwood of Beverley as estate
steward, a 1790 list of tenants and 1791 letter about estate boundaries and a copy of the 1809 enclosure case; court rolls and other manorial records for Selby cum Membris (1322-1950; these are very
complete from 1322-1630); records for the manor of Selby (1522-1915), including 68 jury verdicts from the late 19th century; the court roll of Selby Waterhouses (1323-1374); two court rolls for Snaith
(1458, 1521); manorial records for Thorpe Willoughby (1450-1913), including court rolls from the 1510s to circa 1550 and jury verdicts from the late 19th century; manorial records for Thwing (1722-1863)
including call rolls and jury verdicts largely dating from the 1720s to the mid-19th century; court records for Tibthorpe (1774-1862); court records for Watton (1773-1857) and court records for Willerby

(1810-1856).

DDLO/20 contains the following account rolls for Selby Abbey: bursar (1431-1532, intermittent); pittancer (1403-1517, intermittent); abbot's proctor (1397-1398); kitchener (1412-1414, 1438-1439, 1475-
1476); sacristan 1413-1414, 1494-1538, intermittent); extern cellarer (1391-1402, 1413-1414, 1489-1490); granger (1349-1350, 1404-1405, 1413-1432, 1474-1475, 1490-1491); infirmarer (1399-1403);
chaplain to the abbot (1413-1414); almoner and keeper of the chantry (1434-1435); cellarer (1479-1480) (See entry in Religious Archives for details of full Selby Abbey holdings including papers

catalogued as DWE).

In addition, DDLO contains a miscellaneous section at DDLO/30 which includes 18th century drainage and navigation plans, late 19th century memoranda about the earl of Londesborough holding courts
and a catalogue of property at Middleton on the Wolds, North Dalton, Skipton, Market Weighton, Goodmanham, Nunburnholme, Watton and Sutton Cranswick dated 1921.

DDLO(2) also contains largely manorial court records, most of them being very complete and unbroken for Brayton (1901-1935); Fridaythorpe with Goodmanham (1820-1851); Hambleton (1701-1952);
Hillam (1855-1951; with a copy of the 1811 Hillam enclosure award); Market Weighton with Shipton (1714-1951); Middleton, court rolls (1772-1945) and minute books (1772-1853); Monk Frystone court
rolls (1854-1950); for Selby, a court roll of 1554-5, a call roll 1699-1781 and a jury minute book 1780-99 as well as some miscellaneous account books and rentals (see further details below); court rolls for
Over Selby/Bondgate (1520-1552); unbroken court rolls for Selby cum Membris 1673-1950 and court minute books 1772-1805; records for Thorpe Willoughby (1658-1950) including a court roll 1933-50
and a miscellany of earlier items. DDLO(2)/12 is a section of miscellaneous items which includes early 20th century plans of the earl of Londesborough's East Riding and West Riding estates.

Further Information

Publication Note

http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/bin/eadsearch2.cgi?server=SF&maxrecs= 1&firstrec= 1&format=ful|&fieldidx1 =docid&field». .. 15/10/03


Archives Hub: Results Page 4 of 4
Neave, David, ‘Londesborough Hall‘, Georgian Society of East Yorkshire , 5 (1978)

Neave, David, Londesborough: history of an East Riding estate village (1977)

Pine, L G, The new extinct peerage 1884-1971 (1972)

Robinson, Hilary I, Some notes on things of interest at Londesborough (1934)

Tillotson, John H (ed. & trans.), Monastery and society in the late middle ages: selected account rolls from Selby Abbey, Yorkshire, 1398-1537 (1988)
Wilton, R C, The Cliffords and Boyles of Londesborough (1907)

Finding Aids

Listed to item level

Related Material

DWE (complementary records for Selby Abbey — see entry under Religious Archives for full details of scope and historical background); DDCA(2)/54/58; DDCV(2)/55

Related material in other repositories: Londesborough household account books, Bolton Abbey; Londesborough settled estate papers, Humberside County Record Office; Londesborough papers,
Chatsworlh; Selby Abbey papers, York Minster Library (a few more in Lincoln Record Office, Sheffield Record Office, British Library)

Administrative Information

Access Conditions
Open

Access Points

Boyle family . Earls of Cork and Burlington
Denison family . Earls of Londesborough

_C_lifford family . Yorkshire

Selby Abbey —- Yorkshire, West Riding l England
Brayto -- Yorkshire, West Riding l England
l____gnq_,e__s_b,Q_[g__ug_h__,-— Yorkshire, East Riding I England

http://www.archiveshub.ac.uk/bin/eadsearch2.cgi?server=SF&maxrecs= 1&firstrec= 1&format=full&fieldid><1=docid&fieldr. .. 15/10/O3



Welcome to The Royal St. George Yacht Club Page 2 of 3

The Primula

Painting: Portrait painted by F
Reynolds in 1870, a regular
exhibitor at the Royal Hibernian
Academy during the eighteenth
century. The painting shows the
Marquis dressed in black frock
coat and standing on the
forecourt beside the granite
parapet, with the harbour in the
background. This was given to
the Club by his son, Lord Francis
Conyngham shortly after the
death of his father in l876, and
hangs in splendour over the fire
place in the ?iI.ri_if§,2it_:fs.ei 

 

Family Background: Francis
Conyngham, was the second son
of Lord and Lady Conynghain
who lived at Slane Castle. Lady
Conyngham, was King George
IV’s mistress in the l820’s.

The Marquis Conyngham

Career: Francis Conyngham had
established himself as one of the
great courtiers by the time
George IV died in 1830, and was
appointed Lord Chamberlain by
William IV, and subsequently
served Queen Victoria in this
capacity. His close connections
with royal were of immense
benefit to the Club in its early
years.

Club and Sailing: In 1845, Marquis Conyngham, an ordinary member
of the then Kingstown Boat Club, offered to the Committee to use his
influence with Queen Victoria to confer the usual privileges of a Royal
Yacht Club on the Kingstown Boat Club and within a short time he
secured the patronage of both Queen Victoria and Prince Albert in May
1845. Two years later the name of the Club was changed to the Royal St
George Yacht Club, although the reason for the choice of St George can
only be speculated upon.

http://www.rsgyc.ie/gallery/artworks.html 8/28/00

0


Welcome to The Royal St. George Yacht Club

Marquis Conyngham was elected as the first Commodore of the Royal
Kingstown Yacht Club in 1846 and flew the Club Burgee on his 186
schooner The Flower of Yarrow. Four years later he launched the 218
tonne Constance which brought him a permanent place in the history of
yachting. Both yachts are featured in paintings in the Club. He resigned
as Commodore in 1863 due to ill health, and was succeeded as
Commodore that year by the Marquis of Drogheda. He was persuaded to
take on the post of Vice Commodore from 1865 until his death in 1876,
some days before that year’s Regatta.

http2//www.rsgyc.ie/gallery/artworks.html

Page 3 of 3

8/28/00

0


A mi-Pnln '4 r‘

I - 10- Issue 24062; CO‘ A
The Times, Oct 12, 1861, pg» I

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Article 21

The Times, Dec 30, 1861; pg. 4; Issue 24129; col C
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Article 1

The Times, Jul 19, 1861; pg. 1; Issue 23989; col A
Marriages
Category: Marriages

Full

 

Text: Copyright 1861, The Times

:  at the    32:31:,  

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€i§e}I.§;Y, .  29, .1853. ~

  

I THE .D UBLIN—EnfH_{5|rg1n10NT . . .: ~ v- —BLEO'2'IoN— oomirzznonr. ~= “;f§1Liigiél:'g£)V1EE;_3fig€3j§§: Egginséfifig’  efgjizgggafifinig;
A mane TO EILLARNEY. "°““ "° ” 5

. ‘ CORK. _ and himself even of xucli'
w . B" - ‘e e - _to ' . H (Saris-n=~lE31rohy)ha
The managementofithe Dublin Exhibition have The Rev Goorge remmn, curs aof he sonth_ punk of 8.» Pic 9 a

. . . 115 If It 11 17
_ _ Cork, nintedwhat he canvassed his own parishioners for 85lI1‘M‘115°1“"‘““.” 5“ M“. Wt 8 '0 mug : 
Wisely debernuneci to connect it with the beauties of Murphy and Fagan. There was no uni{:y_oE action asnong ‘Tho c:oss<ex3xmnt$_.ion-Juli be rammed, ’g9.fl5y 51-, 11
Itlflh scenery. and to show how the wonders of the 31- lgggfggggggg§r§{—:;:h§ef§n8f;*;=;$ E. bwhop ° ‘=7°¢*» ._..._———....._...... -.

' ‘ ‘ - - ~ _ I-I ‘, mam. _ , ""“-"'--~ 2

ighficéal vglorlfi dymatin with thus? of nature’ T9 ‘bars, but he_ never gave wifinoss any inatrucfiiolllgin the THE C'A1?1’:ERBU-Rf -BRIBERY COHBIISSION. 
um‘ SW ° “mg _ f’ ”'PPr°3°hm3’P1e3'5ur5 55%‘ matter. Wifiness vfas one of the een.iorp:1esta,an'&, hafi , ANTERBURY T . '

5911 °°11t9H1P13¢e a view to the Emerald Isle, this era been any c sncal orglnization in connexion with the _ . .0 S1 ma’ KUWDAY EVI‘1h'l_ZlTG-
will be an agreeable announcement, and the de1joht- raturzyit must have come under his nohica. The Murphy The °°m“““‘°“°"‘il Mr‘ _ °'b1Q'C-v. ME Phmhalm
f 1-, ‘ ‘ h I 3 .' ‘ '° famil had for many yams confiributed hr oiy to every -‘3n9*9Yv “Id Mr‘ Bu“ *3’) re"’?'" “'1 "h“' m°mmEl'° the

ul up wine m about to desmbe may fauly ha -7. Z 1 Th .3 g g e,

- -' Catholic purpme—that is to may to every clmitablo liberal um‘ h°‘“'* . "am" 53'” ° 1“ 9:“ “PPW~'°5- *0 3-Vtlch
regarded  3. foretaste of yihat ail will enjoy who Purpose in the city Di CMk__n;a whine“ madg MB of tbs‘, in the proceedmgt as on days_prooedmg. . .
game here intent on recreation. On Monday morn- c;4.,,um,,,,_,m 35 in 3;-gumang ta influem-_g the “be, of the George Dway. the fix:-st W1WBH- (“P0393 fin‘? 13s. pair:
138' 3 1-'=W.‘_—,*° Part? of ladies and gentlemen, whom people. He dweltupon it alsoin the public addresses he flue“ ‘Vie’? “am” Wm” Bl‘ °“h for th?” 47$" "‘184‘.7-
the opening of the Exhibition had attracted to deliverédtotha alecbbrs.ItW&!q"1°9°“3‘°m“U f°1'1rfi93'b! E°"15° 1”“ 3"‘ ‘m1 ’'S"‘’"-‘‘‘ “E”: Y°"’“.§l' f°§, "hm.

‘ ' - . t fake an into:-eat in elections but witness tool: more than '’°‘’‘“- ‘W1 1"“ PF‘“'5'“ “'3” g°m3 ‘mi’. t° elm Rsds‘
Dublin, started by special tram on the Southern ‘‘ . . I . . . a 1 1-
am’: yvestem _-Railway to See th f r f 1 (1 Lak 5 of umal on flu: occnsxon, on awoontof his friendship for the t;i‘m"§‘ G;°3"'_m 1§FE‘°3;°h1';"”13 §"“b1.1 m%“°5£° S1"’°€§1‘
e a—ane ‘e - - _ :. haeeci 11:. won ewliacm or . .
Kmarney. Sir Edward Lfnonnel (the chairman of Murphy fsmxly. On the polling day he took ‘baths you not on 2 S 1' mi 3

~ 1 £9 1, e h 11- - Ea that He gsvemonay to Drav, his foreman, to bqyfour 9: sit
the compnny),.Mr. Pennefather (the deputy-chain :;aymt§a,. ;a2,,g:’,g,,n§ genileifggi 13 “S” "°° 1‘ was axchequered m the uum.gf

3 ‘'°’’‘’'’ 19°’ m“‘“”"°"' $033.15? '=vrxi3n:':1s' 847’ a 1: mad hi 1; loot a:
man) Mr. Miller (the engineer) and the other who beggeti him tosccompanyhimtbmughthq crowd. He 2 U ‘ 3 ° °"-‘"3 “ '3‘ 03 I11 OPE)’ -:
chief oflicexs of ‘choline aocompanieé. them. Mayors Y°“‘1 -'“““‘°15.“‘? B“T“°k'”5‘°°‘ 3* ]%‘”'P"" 3 1“ “*9 m°'”-' :°;::n§,::“fn’f1° §f,‘;;“;f;‘;§ I;,§§‘i«,‘§"-°f,‘ ‘,;'§”§‘.‘;§"1‘f‘“;?~‘°.°‘ Y’

‘ - - - - - mg and mmnned shoot. the booth tfilfi o‘c!ock for the pur- . “ . . *°"" . ‘ ° V1W°';r
from ‘the chief English Cities, cpxniniesxoners aim}. ‘Wfexming hi‘ influence to prevent my disturbance in many; for which w1{_:ueae was to use am pm“ form.
gupemntendents of thg Iatg Exhlbmon, exewtwe hough he appmhanui numb U-pm 10 0.0109}; the P1“; Il3IdBh1p_St the alaomon. Lord. Albert Cpnyngbam par.
COIl1.'G1i§tEBlIlBI1 Of thfl I)I83BIlt, foreign (‘,OI1tI'ibI1tOI‘5, {IRE perfectly quiet 5 thera were no crgwds of 9991315’ no formmi 31“ Fart’) and “mag” Performad hm; ‘m1 h? 
- . ' , * t‘ t . _ ,
and even members of the F:ench_pres;—a happier mno,§f::: Mggrsgaéafitaéfipnicuatrié own“ iuntm rammed to the! ..B,ad,. Em, 1“ 1892) for Emma“ m
Imty newer started to feast t1mr_eyes upon ghe of mmmmm witness '1-fwd hgm R ‘fiat ha ha municipni ezeczmm, and obtained it. He thought the
r°m3'n'3e‘gr°u.m.1 of Kerry‘ The lme ‘We: Winch beg:-:struc1c,s.ndssv'rhim hurryawayfurtha ixilitsry. Mr. "B1““"” ‘W3 “W5 w‘°"‘5 Vim 3375*“: "mi Vi‘“°‘5 50'
they travelled IS not romarkable for the ‘beauty of Sade,“ was on, of the gummm of the P0" 55 Cork, ma oordingly turned ".Rod._” __
the scenery through which it passed, and there were he use extremely unpapujax-j not than on man: of 3 meme JIM! Kalszm» enmmefi--is 9- Iurveyor and builder,’
few objgchq on 1:113 way to att,~3¢§; attention, own. lowering of_+.ha di_5’t.ary scale. The appearance of the soldier: “*3 g°“3§§"“"é"°-  .1t347E1I1° bfid Pm°n°J fmm B5939“:

- H B of 15110 moaumemgal 1.0 (1 tow ,5 to created an 111-feeling among film crowd, which then began to ‘D W8 V“ 35 7", 1 - 98'-79 N33: 05 519 Wlmifipr
510113 33°11 53 “*1 9 an - c :1 10; h a h h 6113:! 1
- ;- - - - , ckea. Mr. Sarsfield seemed very anxious to get ups. “' 5'. v 3“ .° 3”‘ *' " °t.“" *1 ° °nY°39‘‘°d 11151
Which so much anviquanan 1nte_res‘§1s akianhed fixes dmurhanem About 1 ohmk the “mm ,5” him dmggmg 8:. Witness paid 5101. or 50!. In that way, as Bennett snia
the eye, or some sohta.rymounta.u1,hkeShevena.n10_n, abs)» across themarkot-P1306 in . violent manner, and no the case was getting deaperaye, and he musf. obtain the
with a veil of mist gracefully suspended over its un '£oin'be_tfero_, one, as no. Sarsfiald let go mama and Y°i°s- In 1852138 book an acme P=I’&W1t’g1tha" .93,» as
1ong~be.cked summit; but otherwise, all is tame fliowedhlsnnsonertoescspe. he said nothinsto him on the °"”"““"°’ ‘ma b“"°”' ”5°"§' 39"“-Kg"“’° hm‘ 15°‘-°1'15°Z'
d on «Lima em)“ ’h and even Thufles subject. Witness left Bnrra-:1:-street abov.t2o'c1ock, nod f°’ “*9 P“’P°’°‘ A P°‘u°n °£ "’ "'5 ‘.9955 5’-“°“E ‘.715
an comm P - 9 -g ’ ’ went toanobhar art of this town. He then saw no d.is- “R““3h5r" “’P‘°€’°°"' ‘h°"°“’”' (The "7-W9“ h91’°1‘93°~'-
where poor Sfillth  Brien vfas arrosted by 51 turbmce of my Eim}_ list o£40 persons he had bribed at the last election, in gum:
“tight-buttoned railway officml," fmlg to draw Cross-examined.--From morning tonight on the polling: ff 55- 3315 75-) A VOW m-mad W300! ind 51- of the
much notice from the pleasure-seeker}. The day he saw no violanoe of my kind except. the owl by Mr. 'B1“°5i_o§‘“5 fflief‘ d‘“‘}““‘é,°‘1 31- °f_*'h° "  The”
Southern and Western, nevertheless, is o. fine S-Irsfiold towfirdfl W9 130.Y- T11315 503' W88 8135-3 Young V“ 3 7 ° ,5’ ‘’“‘’°"- 1“ ““ ‘hm °‘u°d ‘hf’ Bum"
,. . . . mm . he was not 1633 than 20 em, 05,, 3 . ha ‘.38 0 market Troop, of which Mr. lhtthuws, a mxgubmte was
one, quite equal 122 excellence of construction and last‘, and quite swam thin‘ ‘_ stage 3: strike Juiifrg the lesder; and they were going to bring} forward Vincent
to those 1.71 Englané, and, as V535 proved. on this mam wins” ‘,1, not aware thug he had been mme_ ‘tho Chzrbiat, in consequence of as. split; they Ind with
occasion, capable of bearing trains propelled at the flu-owing, or that he had been masked wibhz 31,0115 in his the “Blues.” Witness recresteti in the Isle of Mm.
highest speexi. Some curious facts with reference hand. _Wi£neuap1ada no inquiry at all; he thought him- Wh11.6*’-‘D6 F6953” °°mm}E*«°° ‘>5 ‘T18 HOW of Qommons Hi
to it. and the social state of the country were men- 3515 °’,m*-“'3 .'°° Interfere ‘Vim B mflgifihahéx “ting in ihe ‘"1 me C‘°‘“h°"'b“"7 P°m‘°“' M“ 3°“ 3“""’—h”‘- 105- ‘‘° 3°
tionotl by the chairman. one was, that hardly a. °‘°"°“° °“11‘d“*'Y- H9 "°“13n

of, wow 5,9,1 ,_ magimnh, aw:-Ey an‘_6‘}33.ll)Z— fiber while he was away.
S1-Ugh case had Occuned of an employé on the fine topoznxmb what appeared to 1111218 branch of the peace. He - . I as;

B be _ h d r6oei£ed1moxiey;ramRr1€6erin184710
_ , ‘ ‘ _ d 5' _ riwxt. ngavaone 13365.03 ' ft .
emigrating, and he attributed. phxs to the C'.1I'Cl1!J1' ::oren?h§i1;nag oi°uv§1§.:§:§7t5§3§' P?1;°}:’u?’%1€:§19£;:*¥1:?::Eem§: (I.m1dlar1g’b?er.) It wan uolimin *7 P” ° 3 “
stance that the lowest wages paid were 12s. a.-week

_ _ . forBenle’svot.a.Expon 66.
did not see a. single stone thrown throughout the entire dav, 337" 15 3“ f°r b“b95-
and clpthes. Sir Edward also stated that Mr. Da.r- Either -*5 15119

ggldiazg 0, any one 6153, but, he was not .m:°_ E.E-outh-3e‘e:smi2o6.—;ginie§,  replly ’go 9.  £5
. . 3 50 ,,_., gh“ Egon“ were not thrown in hi, 1-mmadme ques on: pu. upon mm, a. 2. e e action o 4 a
gan, In congtrnctinv the hue, drew a. very large 1'3?“ - . . . . 11.5 -

number of his handsaftom the worlthouses, and that n°'ghb°mh°°d' Th” mlhtary “gm have been pelted mm" aver an:

‘ money gxven him to purchtse ‘V0?/>5, but
, out his knowledge. There was a crowd of woman with admmgd um he had ‘IWWS mad“ 3 f°°U-5h 335 13-Vhh
these man, once aocusbomecl to 1-emxmerative employ—

_ _ green ‘oougha, but up to 10 o'clock there was no violence of expendimm Pf his °“"‘ m°"°5 at °1°“"i°“5- f“ ‘‘m°h 11“
ment, never returned, but e1ther emigrated or any kind; he did not-. even pen: groans and shouts. The ‘dn°fT’°°°‘f°"1d““Y "°°mP°’.“°-
came umWV1'e3_” Luncheon at t1-1eL,'_me1-igk ‘mm. evidence ofsome of the pqhca officere havm been rend to 35* - 3°13“ - "°“"1“:°“““‘n°1'- ““““°3,- .
“On an(;_ then on to Mawhw thy -ugh’ 3 thick] thowxtness, he stzted tahabitposaessedasemb nee oft:-nth, M1'-A1‘5TEY'’‘A°‘'’°‘'d’~n5 1”’ Mr‘ P°““ °".1a"““"- 7°“
1 ‘ ° as .3“ but was essentially wrong, or at all event. ex:).ggarg,{;g(}_ appear tohxve been ramgoxgzed as a regular balmy agent-
en_c1osed oounfiry, unwooded, but warmed up by the E315 violence they mfermd’ to want am’m,bhm,,mg or pan yon,.aa having acted 111 that capacity, glve us any
b‘-"‘3’htl5i':n<>_W Oi ‘minke EoI§e~b1osso§z1£ II£i.L:fiIfl. Mallofi active physical interference with the voters, he meant to mf°m“m°“ 7
a. new a 13 a on o e opene o amey.

say 1111: iv; W“ ingonsigtgnt with the tmuh H9 would not b _3&bL;'. H%1ia£1x%.TI gannot give you any information as to
' ’ d ,  E I1 I78 3- 560102. _.
15 dexyected ‘Cg be finished by the 1551 of J 11116, 83111 '1 wake tigegfigzgzfigfittoiggggigggg MI‘ A1;-STEY._ W6 aha“ win to Bayou agaiy.
an W111 thus ‘3 1";3"‘dY £01’ the Summer and autflmn Wholly of women the men bein in we pm 0.50“ of M in J 01:21 Vincent. licensed vmtnaller, of 1.':1aBu1l(1era Arms,
trgaffic. Tkie tourists of Monday traveued on it to 15’ and may Wage acgunged M1,, by can-§B{,,y_ fig, 51-3 received (301. from P_ou.t. at the last election, aoprop;-Lsugd
mthm 9 miles of the layer lake, and this distance notjosble the voter: if they turned out moo Cha.WertA>n’a 155- forkmown saw-=83. and expenfied the rem:-imier in
They completetl by ommbuses suppliezl for the occa.- geolnlo. 11:11):-int«a§§re wilith them in may way. All the dis- P“E‘fhE§‘"E§S;‘i’€§5- not hmaur Ba m 1: er f tbs comm
' ‘“ .. - ' ‘ ‘ ‘ _ ' _ . .. , '2'. ’ 3 3 z" 0
5233"‘  defend ‘in Klugnley throuigga bleak} T921911 c§‘;};§g,e noergzgd it Zzglgmmyillmtfigfiggzo fig; :'1:h:?£~;‘;:y tickets since 1818, and he Wa.s_ engaged  diatribufing the
0 hes. cla moo. and cog, prepannb the mind, by had taken 13” 1,; Wm, um, mm; ‘Bat fix with h 15 colon: tickets 12 1818 and In 1841. In 1841 between
contrast, for a koener appreciation of tho charming up his ham? 1-0,; Gmsfiolilofthe wife and gramijgf fire 1,2005. and 1,6001. Wags spent in that we. . At the next
scenery beyond 16. A change 111 the aspect of the {as sometimes obeyed. He possessed influence over some election 900l._wf9.s;)s1d, and in_1S.-32 3655., and 591. for re-
pe9.s_a.ut1:y, x_aercapt_ib1e_ for some ‘time, here beg3.1n_e among the mob.‘ At 2 o‘c1ock the‘ streets of the _ciisy and g:33}c1$5“§u_‘§‘:°"9:fi%‘.Ler‘f::;V:fi c?1§(¥~7_%'°m]D‘~ Ia°‘§1°f‘
0bV10u_s- something m new icon: and dress map *1» “33sn;;= «mg #0 the *>°°“== we Perm’ W.» . .....a 1 19% .§::e;m..t tickets were  °%§;“ 
cakes, If the face of _the country did not do so, that thgérfle éigagaiofigifoilfggflgy’ gfgibtgitfi: §:§§;‘;g,‘§,‘f§ of igxxfing colcmr tickets prevailed at the cou:uty‘as ‘walls! at
you lxaveedvanced 1nta_the wilds_ of }$e1jr_y. Many sitting n‘wmbm_ Them ne,e’r was the sfigmgi, doubt 9f the borough electiong, and he had the management of them
traces of the past suffermgs of this primitive people his cousin’: xetum, and an the contest that might take 3‘ b°“1- Th? 3PPh°5“°D3_f°1' calonrficketshad all_ been
reach the eye and afi'ect the heart of the stranger. plziicefirvoxild be, it was known, befiwfien Colonel Ch-marten ‘:j:5f;°¥§d;fi2~:1‘::5;:“1;_f;‘::e;‘:§:‘§h :n53i°‘;§§;3a ‘frog; ::1‘:1?ii-2°;
. . . e. ,
She smaén Orémn of 5151' 0338' ml-dcue age t9 that of :1!-lganizgitigifiaznd ’iI1|§:§:::;eg,r1_-:21; ;9;:ElihI1t€B:;£)§::~}:€:afi-gr LOOOZ. It was formerly the igractice ‘bu pay something for
oys an glr an_ old men and yromen recalls to the them was gm,’ excitement -31 um Fugue find: on th; tho use of the oohmrs, but this wa.5 not H18 case ah the lush
memory the realities of an emiggation such as the p,,1],-ng_a,_y ghmmmaa PWPI3 Wm Quin, a,,,a,B that may election. The change fun them in 1841 was 133;. The
world has rarely seen equalled, w;.1iIe pinched faces woula be beaten, and Put emy ,,bmc19 in than. power in number of colour tickets waned at the_couuf.ye1ectio11 lasfi
and wasted frames bring up again the dismal his. the way of the; polling. It was they who first bag2.!_1 the 3‘f31‘fi“V"=‘“ 301?-d §:°7~£h° ‘V551? °°““”§°“3“§Y if '25“ 1355
tow of tha gmat famine. Looking int‘, each little system of oblxguxg the voters 13;; take the oaths. Witness 5 53° ‘"1 ‘PP 8 , v¢55T5- IP13“ 3“ ° '1.-“"3” °°m”
* h dt h” -d was aware of no disturbance durmw the ‘polling, nor of any WW39 f°r colour ttgkets, they would have xsanefl them.
garden attm e O the cottages Ont e W33-S1 siyoqug physical obstruction ha. ' 3 been océered to the voters at any *5 the-'7 “am .d°b°rm“"’.d t” W”! and .‘7°‘fld 3'1“ have ‘t
93553.39 .P1a11t8 and other Vegetables are Shmgghng of the Booths. Athalf-past 3 hesaw afew stones thrown, on a wloslt ‘ticket W¢w=‘-= Kwi PM 103- int 3 count?
mto hfe znsbead of the potato. The whole country bug, thug war; all directed against himself. The rural fgggregggivefig gig; tigfgon fig gaggfvlgg E3133;
. * - - - ' . r ‘ i
eeems soaked with superabundani: moisture, and ggderiwy a:'GB¢;:aédhI.:;m:‘r:9‘1t?nm1€I§ao€1{s°1i<:;)mggainfithaigvisg prwfisad’ and’ where he began went thomnhl ha than
the very neople have a. damp 2.ppea1-ance. :. “ 3? d, ,3 g 9, t 1 - e - 9 .
' " ' - SEWWHY unr1erI’rote5tnub1snd.lords Witness never called. 5937-“ ‘mi? hm 9 5' A “:33 °°““t7‘~‘ °-3°“ "”’m~-5’
A}; mghfii . in the V1°b°7.‘m' Hot?!’ . there was with Burke at Uniaclta house nor.heard that gentleman 3“ 1'i”‘''°nd5_d 9}” °°1°“-" fi°k°*-5 5°’ Si‘ 3- 31759“-
111 h fesnvn: and true Irish hos itahty. To the in - bathe, 1,9 1; - ck ’ 3,5 cm, i - g», M am1161B11D1SM38Pfisad‘Lha.the war1:edforJohnshoneamI
5 Y ,_ P quuew (ma. ]w tamng Ex uteri
dehght of the French visitors especially, old Gzmsey,

according to 0,dm._ The “ma expense hcmed hythe Gripps at tholnst election, and was em loyed byfiollsnds
the blind pipsr of the Lakes, was introduced, and, Liberfl Party 9-? 573° 19-81761605-on W83 500 '

be . .1 -. ll .   aaw  zzergoizzazsgazz;::s::.3.::e::£;;e..o.1r 
. . . _ _ , _ _ . .
“M1 "’~‘°m“1°“5 fingers “P0? the 5'‘‘’P5 °f his °1‘*‘“" gfnnéeargpinairaaai ageeigii, Jéozftigefioz. $ Boxx-cienga 51552, Th3 mm reqmrfifi mnzafl from 0!. to 101- per voter. Had
ter, played the sweet melodies of the country. Th_e in cm. him , th‘; shofig had sol‘ and an -mesagngerg’ Sty he got. a certain number to poll for the _Con5a1-gaizives he
English mayors could only find vent for their gratL- fiormy bin; and ugh“. incidents’ commmea um remaindm should gave expaated 22. a-bend, Igecause it was uirby warl-:
fication in the %%:eech—ma.king so dear to all mxmi- They nod go or 80 can to bring in the rum voters, 505119 of and he ought to_behandeome1y paid.

cipal minds. orning In-01.-a T1n:;.v1'Iv hnnn +1.- wlxnm hm nc-“ran mu... ..;r \r

s Vxn :a.~.u..- ,: - ‘if. nnmxrnfl 1n nnnwnv in Barn: ,.n.-mu; ",1 ...::.,-..i_z
A - ...,. ...M..-. --- ,

pom,,K_ About 150;. to ‘bribe mo. Witness ma cIa.imer3.l0D£.1rhan.I}4'!,


,,,,, -_-_- _.-...--, -,..,.. .....
district of the Lakes, with mist shrouding the moun-
tain tops, and magnifying their height by concealing
it. Fortunately, however, it did not rain, and
though the weather continued somewhat overcast,
it became brighter as the day advanced. In white-
painted barges, and at as early an hour as they
could be got together, our party started to view
the scenery of Killarney. Often described, its
beauties are always new, and at this season of
the year especially, when nature is just assuming
her garb of summer loveliness, language fails to do
them justice. What strikes one most about these
lakes is the exquisite combination of objects, which
leaves no imagination, however cold, unsatisfied,
and kindles poetic feelings in the most prosaic
minds. Every ‘wish is gratified by that changing
plmomnza of island, and mountain and clear rush-
ing stream and grotesquely formed rock, and ruined.
castle and mouldering abbey, which are collected
here together. The mode adopted for show-
ing the beauties of Killamey to visitors,
under circumstances, is the best that could be hit
upon, but when, as in the present instance, large
numbers go together under hospitable guidance
it possesses extraordinary advantages. MacGi.l-
lycuddys Racks and Tomies’ Mountain, Tore
Mountain, Dinis Green Isle, and Glen-ifs wooded
shore, all revealed their sweetest charms to
the eyes of the tourist, and the notes of the
bugle were prolonged by the echo, with the some
exquisite eflect as when Tom Moore sang of them.
Through all the lakes and to the foot of the E2.gle’s-
nest, to Ross Castle, overgrown with grass, and to
Innisfallen Island, with its crumbling abbey walls,
crowned by Waving foliage, past the “ Hone comb-
rocks,” too, and the “ 0'Donoughue’s Li rary,”
with “ the big Bible lying on the top,” the strangers
in their gay barges swept. Theyinhaled the fragrance
of the spring blossoms, and admired. the splendid
varieties of a vegetation in which the myrtle and the
zirbutus grow wild. The lights and shadows that
chased each other on the hill side, and the diversified
hues of wood and glen, all were noticed and delight-
edly praised intheir turn, and still the lidht drapery
of the misty mountain-tops maintsine over the
changing prospect a certain character of dream-
lzuid. So thorough was their inspection of Kil-
larney, that the Devil’s Punchbowl, of all
its attractions, alone escaped a visit. On the
summit of Manger-ton mountain this celebrated
reservoir lay, brooded over by a dense mass of
vapour, within which, while mayors and railway
directors, Royal commissioners and executive com-
mitieemen, were feasting their eyes beneath him,
the Prince of Darkness might unseen be qunffiug
comfort and relief from the ice-cold Waters. Killer-
uey does not contain the element of sublimity in its
scenic elfects, and those whose tastes turn to the
grand and majestic attributes of nature must see};
them elsewhere; but for picturesque variety, raised
by legendary associations to the verge of enchant-
ment, it is quite unrivalled by any place within the
compass of the British Isles. The new railway about
to be opened to it, and which has been, it is said,
constructed at the low cost of 5,0001. 2: mile, will
place it within seven hours’ ride of Dublin, and
within 17 of London. So charming a. retreat from
the fatigues of business and the exhaustion of a
iown life, thus made accessible, is a boon to the
community at large. Thousands will now visit
what previously was only within reach of the few,
and in time nature will win for the surrounding
wilds of Kerry 3. degree of comfort and civilization
Which has hitherto been denied them. The Southern
and Western Railway Company have made arrange-
ments for conveying the lrumbler classes to see the
Dublin Exhibition at the cheapest possible rate, and
there is little doubt that their liberal example will
be followed by all the other lines.

 

Tar Pnunnosnsnmn 1\l‘.mm.s..——The militia for
lhe county of Pembroke have been made an artillery corps;
and in this decision the authorities have, doubtless, been
influenced by the great facilities which exist at Pembroke
yard and garrison for the due and efficient training of 3
large body of men in the firingancl practice of grant gum.
T130 187$“ 517303 91' 09613 ground adjoining the fortified bl!‘-
racks will be available for the field-battery evolutions, sad
the two batterisn_ of attil.lex'y_ in the possession of the Royal
Dockyard Bsttaliau will be in readiness for the training of
thenewly rzusod levy. The Dockyard Brigade hgve bean
trnmed to fire at a. tsrgal:_r_noored on the waters of the
haven ; and the anus facilities for the exercise of the
militia will be afforded, the guns ut the fort in the dockyud
being slway: avgnlsble. In the event of s wan» an artillery
corps would be invaluable for the defence. of the arsenal,
and itia generally aeamed that sound discretion bu been
exercised in the selection of that am of the service for the
Pembmkenhim Regiment ofllililia.

,,_-_ _.. .,.. ..-..... ......., ...... ...u. Luau unu.u.u5 was ya-Lu Au:
twisting of any kind, nor was .4 liability to pay incurred for
eny such purpose. _ _

Cross-examined.»-He did not produce the advertising
accounts, although he had had notice to produce every
account received or paid in connexion with the election.
With reference to an advertisement of the resolutions pissed
at one of the meetings, in which Mr. Burke was mentioned
as a member of the Liberal committee, the witness professed
inability to say whether that advertisement was paid out of
the 600K. or not.

Mr. Serjeant Murphy said, thnt he arrived in Cork on the
8th of uric [two days before the opening_of the Exhibition),
but, being already aittingmembez-for the city, and auticipsting
no opposit-ion,hs did not commence an solive canvas till aday
or two before the receipt of the writ. He never entertained
the smallest doubt of his being at the head of the poll; and
mdeod he was told so by the other side, who promised him
their support if he would stand aloof froru the Liberal
party and allow them to bring in their man. Ea, however,
declined to do so, and always exerted himself to secure the
return of Mr. Fagau as well as his own. The recent Shock-
gort riots and the Protestant declaration of Lord Derby

ad had the effect of creating a double unity among the
Roman Catholics, and his canvas was, in consequence, the
easiest thing he had ever known. At tho same time there
was no organization of any kind for the purpose of securing
his return. It would have been quite unnecessary, even
supposing it had not been improper. In his speech on the
nomin§.tion.da.y he did all he could to soothe the bitterness
of feeling between Catholics and Protestants, and even Mr.
Sarsfield was heard to speak in praise of its con-
cilintory tone. On Sunday. the lltb, he addressed 3
body of rural voters at Whitchnrch in the chapel-
yard after mass. Mr. Wiseman was miatskeuin attributing
to bun an advice to the people to put _:2. mar}: upon those
who went against him, for he never directly or indirectly
said any such thing; what he did say was, that if one or
two of them voted for him their Protestant landlords would
set their mark upon them, and trample upon them; but
that if they would combine and vote for him in nbody
they would be like a. bundle of sticks, and superior to any
such influence. He left. town that night and did not return
till between 1 and 2 next day, when the polling was going
on. The story told by Twomay, therefore, that he want to
his house before noon in company with Mr. Burke was a
gross falsehood. He could declare most solemnly that he
never (as Twomsy also swore) nominated Mr. Burke one of
his committeemen. at any of the meetings. TWOm3.y’s story
was utterly false from beginning to end, and did not
possess even a. semblance of truth. When he reached
town he found it remarkably quiet. He saw, by
notices posted on the walls, that his return was
eady secured. There were crowds of women carrying
green bought, whoa ing, howling, laughing, and rejoicing
that the victory had been won; and they cs}n9_ruu.uing
about him with the most good-hnmoured hilarity, com-
plimenting him upon his good looks, and several of them
kissed him. (Roars of laughter.) He then visited the
booths, or most of them, and found the utmost regularity
sud quietness pervading the town, but of course he could
only speak of what came under his own observation after
half-past 1. The police told him things were going on
“ quietly ;” General Maunaell, “merrily.” He inhtusbed
his cousin with 30W. for election purposes, and he was not
liable for a single additional farthing. He gave directions
as for as he could to avoid treating, and be was himself so
anxious upon that point that he refused a Blnlliug to a
voter who begged it of him during the day, saying that he
had been in the town since morning, and was famiahed. with
hunger. The story of Jeremiah Murphy, too, that he had
tried to bribe l.u'm with the promise of a. situation, and tbnt
he gave _his daughter 5g,d.w2.s utterly untrue. The man
came to him, saying that hismaater, the miller,hs.ddisel;a.rgea
him for stealing sacks, and that he should have his vote if
he would get him reinstated, but he immediately ordered
the follow to begono for a scoundrel, as he would have
nothing todo with him.
. Cross-exnmined.——‘1‘he conduct of the election was mainly
intrusted to his cousin, and he personally had littloto do '1
until it. _.A.t the meeting at Douglas Chapel there was no g
psnshpneat present ; there was a. minister present. His .
nttentlon being directed to a resolution passed at that rneet- ;
mg, pledging the people in the sight of God’s holy altar to ]
vote for Fagnu and Murphy and their holy church, its -
bishops, priests, and saintly nuns, and containing denuncia-
tions oi those who should try to save conscience and
at the some time serve Mammon by splitting their votes
with either of the Liberal candidates, the Serjesnb declared
but he never heard of it till he saw it posted on
the walls of Cork, and his idea. was tint the reporters I
land concocted it among themselves and published It I
In concert. He was not, however, present during the I
whole of the meeling. but spent part of the tune in
the vestry. It was his opinion that the franchise was
3. public trust, and not to be _ exercised by :1
voter ‘upon more personal. considerations. After some
questioning, the learned Serjesnt admitted to tho cross-
examining counsel (Serjennt Kiuglalze) that ha_s£a.ted to
the meeting that the non-electors had as umchxntarest In
the election as those who possessed the franchise, but he
certainly never meant to convey to them that the electors
were answerable to the non-electors in the some of being
liable to be thrashed by the latter; and be should_stntethat
the constituency of Cork was one of the most intelligent
and enlightened in the kingdom. He also admitted that in
thanking the people for his return, he told them that the
women had been his best cosdjutors, and that, in reality, it
°¥.'a.3 they whom he had to thank for his position, God. bless
them. He further pzmegyrized the Irish fair sex g_ene:.-.1]y,
winding up by saying that even the proud English were
obliged to admit um the Irish woman were chaste. In
reference to that, he had  state that the petition Alleged
that the women to whom his return was attributable were
prostitutes, which be most aoleinnly declared to be A false-
ood. _(Luud laughte .) Besides, he had beenpraviomly
addressing the people as grant mun: time-I, repeating the

..,.,........._, .7. .-........... w I:vu.I.u vvsvuu mm Loiwiuveu
questions, the witness said that he had received some 202..
for his services. It was the firat occasion on which he had.
embarked in the business, which did not require much
capital. Wasa Liberal in principle, but was ready to do
the dirty work for the opposite party.

hf;-.Dal.marstated that he was one of the Conservative
wmzuittae of Johusbons and Gipps, and that he handed the
100l. to Godwin by the direction of Pout.

The proceedings were then adjmzu-ued to this day.

_..._..._._.:.—_....

2*E2z'D_U3L1xv Exisfzifhou.
._.._._¢?é_

TO THE EDITOR OF‘ THE TEBIES.

Sir-,——I am persuaded that you would not -willingly do an
act of injustice to any man, thersforelam sure you will
excuse me for troubling you with a few lines for the ur-
pose of correcting an error into which your correspon ant
ha.s—no doubt unintentionally-—fallen with respect to its
Rev. Dr. Cullen, in speaking of the ceremonial observed on
the occasion of the opening of the Exhibition on Thursday
last

He states that “the question of prayer did occupy the
attention of the mzgnaging committee, and a prayer was
dmwu up ofso unobjoctionable 9. nature that no professing
Christian would abject knit. Indeed, the Roman ‘Catholic
members of the committee, being man of education, and,
moreover, gifted with common sense, admitted as much,
and were quite Willing to agree to the p1‘OpOSltIO!1, had not
a formidable obstacle interposed to prevent its being carried
into effect. It -was said, in_shoi-t, that Archbishop Cullen
had set his face against it, and intimated‘ that in the
event of the committee deciding against his wLal_ie§._ he
would withdraw his countenance from the Exhibition;
threatening at the some time that his example would neces-
sarily befollowed by the whole body of the clergy under
his jurisdiction.”

As chairman of the committee I feel it my duty to assure
you that there is no foundstiau whatever for this_sts.tomsnt ;
for, although the ‘question W215, no doubt, discussed on
several occasions with the most intense anxiety to arrive on
the best conclusion, yctInev :' heard the name of Dr-
Cullen oven alluded to in connexion with _tho subject ;
neither was there any form_ of prayer submitted for the
consideration of the committee by any person. 1 do not
think that the committee will be charged with irreverence
for omitting sformnl prayer on the occasion. I am sum
their motives will not be mistaken; and I quite agree with
your correspondent, that, under the circumstances, we tool;
the “wisest course.” _ _

I have the honour to be, Sn‘, yours most obcdiently,

Dublin, May 17. GEORGE ROE.

......_.__........____._...

Onmzs 13' Excnixn .A'._\'1) VVAI«ES.-A. Parlia-
mentary blue-book published yesterday contains the annual
return of the number of criminal offenders committed for
trial, or hailed for appearance, at the assizes and sessions of
each county of England and Wales in the your 1852. It
appears from this return that the commitments for trial.
in 1852 are a trifling decrease on the numbers in the oxe-
ceding year, for they amounted to 27,960 in 1851, and to
27,510 in 1852. But they are substantially the sumo as in
tbelast three years, and do not exceed the amount which
was suddenly attained in 18%). With respect to particular
offences, it uppecrs that in ofllances against the person the
totals confirm nearly the some as in former years. There is
an increase in murder and the attempt to murder, and also
as decrease, smountingm 65 per cent, for concealing the
birth of infants. There is a considerable decrease in
the commitments for stabbing, wounding,  mun-
slsnghter. In rape there is 8 decrease ,' in tho
assaults with intent to mvish, an increase. For the
new ofienoe of assault and igflicting bodily hr-rm, there
have been no loss than 32.1 commitments. In the
offences against properb)‘, with violence, there is a decrease
of 4']. per ceut.., arising chiefly in burglary and house-
breaking, which decreased 13’! per cont.; while, on the
other hand, robbery increased in nearly the some ratio-—

 

I viz., 13‘5 per cent. ‘In the case of ofiencas against. pro.

party, without violence, the commitments have decreased
2-7 per cent. Cattle, horse, and sheep stealing have each
decreased, and so have lurcenies from the person, while
larcenies by servants and frauds have increased. Ofma.-
liclous ofienoes against property there is a. decrease of 1111
par couh, which extends over all the offences of this class.
There is an increase oi'11‘2 per cent. in forgery and coin-.
jug, especially in the latter. Cases of riot, breach of 1113
Peace, and perjury have increased at the rate of 22'!) psi:
99:: t. The commitments for the latter Dfibnue have nearly
been trebleu since the operation of the statute 14th and
15th of Victoria. which renders parties to suit: lisble to
give evidence. There is '8 marked decrease of offence
peculiar to agricultural d1§lil'1Gl53, such as arson, killin
cattle, poaching, cattle stealing, and housebrosking.

CHARITABLE Bsoonsrs m l'nr.r..uvn.—A Parlia-
ZIIEIVMTY ‘PEPE? Publiihed )‘_€5i6I<l-8:9’, in return to a. motion
made by - Masvire. contaml copies of a. correspondence
'between.Mr. P. Kelly, solicitor, of Waterford, and the
Commissioners of Charitable Bequests in Ireland from the
2d ofhinrcb, 1850, to the 31st of March, 1851, mid also copies
of correspondence between Mr. Brodoriols, of the Religious
Commumty of Christian Brethren, and the Lords of the
Treasury, between March and September, 1851, concerning
3 ccrtmn legacy and annuity left by ahir. John Flanuary, of
Duugavvnn, for certain clmritnble uses, and touching the
embezzlement of 3 portion of said moneys by E. W.
Mathews, s. Govamment oflicial connected with the
accounts of the Commissioners of Charitable Bequeslsin
Ireland. ' _ _ _

Donsur MLL1rLA.——-'i‘l1e Dorset regiment of nnhfsia.
is now ‘under training at Dorchenler. Tho -weather _xt first
was unfavourable to their progress, but they have since er.-
liibited much improvement. They no under the com-
mand of Colonel Binghazn, sud luxa been alrexdy out».
fortnight, sothat there are but 14 days longer 1:0: their
inining. Their comluet is excellent. and they dens: grunt
‘wait from the eflicicztcy of the Ilafil


 

THE TIMES, ' SATURI

mELmD_ xmczrzorr oouuzrrzz. 1.231: .CAN1'_ERJ2_U1_2r. 3221311122’ UOHHISSIQN.
-—:—§'——j . I  F , I
(no): om: own oouuusrozrnxza-.) CORK‘ 0 RBURY’ H Emma

DUBLIN, Fume! lemma.
tcnz nonmcu. amiss. _
Australian papers which reached Dublin yester-
day announce that another of the ‘troublesome
S%l_Il§8 of 1848 (Mr. Patrick O'Donoghoue) had
e ected his escape from the surveillance 05 1113
gaolers, and is, long ere this, a. free man on the free
soil of America. This information 15 founded on the
authoxity of a letter from Melbourne dated the ettb.
of January; but, as much later advices had pre-
viously reached Europe, the “ g1_0n0113 news gnust
be regarded as doubtful. But If true, the Inha-
bitants of Van Diemezfa land have every reason to
thank their stars for the happy nddance of one of
the greatest pests that ever “ left his country for his
countl-y’s good.”

sunnnv DELTE 01‘ A srirmmnnv iuomrmm.

A letter from Ballinasloo in Sazmders of this
morning announces that Mr. Gerald Fitzgerald, the
stipendiary magistrate of that district, while attend-
ing the Johnstown racecourse yesterday, and in the
act of speaking to his daughter, fell from his _horse,
and on being taken up in was found that life was
totally extinct. Several medical men were present
on the course, and every effort was made to restore
animation, but all human end was unavaihng. The
deceased gentleman was extremely popular in his
magisterial capacity, and the Government have lost
the services of a. zealous and eflicient public ofiicer.

130023 FOR INDIA.

The 52d Light Infantry expect to leave Dublin in
about 10 days for Cork, where transports will be in
waiting to convey this fine corps to India. The 81st
Regiment have already commenced their march
from Kilkenny to Fermoy, where they _will remain
buta short time previous to embarcation for the
East. Neither of those corps has ever served m
India.

TEE MURDER IN GALWAY. _

A letter dated Ballinasloe, ihursday morning,
gives the following additional particulars of the
recent horrible murder and robbery of a. servant
girl 2-

“ The poor girl, Catherine Kiudxigan, who was murdered,
was in the employment of Mr. Carmen, a. publican of
Kiltulla ; her supposed usnssin, John Btu-lay, had also been
living in the same service with hi: victim for the lam‘. tluee
years. The mistress of Catherine Kindxigan sent her to
transact some hueiuescin the town of Luughrea. On her
way she assed through the town of Bookeen, where a Miss
Dolxn, w o keeps a. shop there, asked her as a favour to
bring her the change for a. 5l.-note. It would appear that
Huxley had premeditated something, for he watched the
movements of the girl very closely in town, saw her getting

be change, and followed his unsuspecting victim on her
my home. Within 2. mile of the police barracks of
Bookeez, on the Qneen’s high road, in the blaze of broad
daylight, this demon in human form fell upon the hclpleea
object of his mpacity and perpetrated tho most foul, cold-
blooded, and disgusting murder which ever disgraced the
county of Galway. Bzving beaten in her skull witha stone
or some blunt instrument, he then, as it ap era, dragged her
through a. gap into the demeane of Lord nnsandla, where,
after having stabbed her in the neck with a. knife, be con-
cealed the body under some bronchus, when it won found
next day (Tuesday) by the Booker: police. Haviugtaken the
money from thepax-son of the girl, the murderer pxoceoded
to Loughrea and purchasedfor himself a. suit. of new clothes,
and at half-past 11. o'clock the same night he returned in
company with as woman (now in custody), for the purpose,
it is conjectured, of giving her the bread and tea. which was
on the person of the deceased. When within M110-rt distance
of the scene of the murder they were met by a number of
young boys and gixls sent in search of the missing girl, and
teeing Hurle dressed they at once inspected that all was
not right. 0 denied having seen the girl during the day,
and on being told that he must go to the police barracks
he readily consented to do 30- butwhen within a few yards
of the barrack gate he made ofi closely pursued by the
peasantry, but escaped. Itis but fight to mention that the
police did not know of this occurrence until after the pur-
znit. was giveukup on Tuesday morning. Mr. W. Coffey,
county inspector, Mr. A. Walsh, 8.13, and a large police
force proceeded to the scene of the outrage, and used every
cxextion in scouring the neighbourhood in older to amass
Hurley. but without avail. An inqueah was held on the

body before My. Thomas Walshe, coroner. but was ad.-
joumed until this day.”

TEIE FUNDS.

Ehree Ea/r Cent. Comaolx, 993 .>_. ; ditto, for account,
99?, ._‘.; hree-and-3.-Quarter pa: Cent. Stock, 102% § 5
ditto, for account, the 10th of June, 1023,; Bank :5:/ock,
227-’_:; E‘1berma.uBanl: 251. paid), 32}; National Bank 01
Ireland, 24; Knockahz-e ane Copper Mine: (12. paid), §;
' in; Company of Ireland (75. paid , for account, 18;;
Ixfizen Head Copper Mine (103. paid), a. ‘ wa.ys,——Co;-k
and Bandon (502. paid),_for account, 22,‘. 11-48 23 22$ %;
ditto Eighths, 55 per cent. Proferonc {E51, 53. paid), 5;};
Dublin and Belfast Junction I451, taxi»! .505. .}:.u-.. s..-

The crou-examination cf Sarjeant Mm.-phy being xuumed
guts:-do , be repeated his ucertiou of ignonnne of Mr.

uxkc’: ving been appoizxtod a. member of 1. committee,
adding that he had received an emphatic nuuz-auca from
Mr. Burke himaolftlnt ha hnd never been a. member of my
of the oommitteol. After be
it was represented to him that the polling at one of the
booths had been hastily adjourned in consequence of I tou-
jpoxazy dinturbance, and {hit the nhcxifi‘ would have re-
opened it haul the luv zllowed him. He did not hear thut
my house had been attacked during the polling, but he
himtclfu-1v that the windows of one hzd been smnahed.
It wn his belief thank the general attacks on the house: too}:
glue a.fter6 o’c1ock in the evening. He nevex-heard till

a heard it in Lomiou that voters hurl been canned to the
booths by force. and theta compelled to vote against. them
inclinations. It did not come tohin knowledge thnt Mr.
Gore Jones and the Dragoon: hid been gelled durmg the
polling ; but he undcmood that Mr. Fxeuc had been muck

y a stone intended for Captain Whyl’-6 Y-410 had 31259911464
the snobby striking uwoman with a. whip. He knew nothing
of the bringing in of 11:6 Whitchu:-ch voters on Sunday. and.
keeping them in town all night, so as to get them safely
polled in the manning; but the circumstance came to hi!
knowledge after the vote: had been recorded. He never
interfered to prevent the diafigui-in of the walls with bills
about the Stock rt riots, or In a any attem t to have
them put out o sight. It was no business of is to take
any steps in the matter; he felt quite sure of his return,
and was consequently not disposed to put hu_nae1fto any
superfluous trouble. Placards of _equally questionable pro-

ricty were issued by the other side. with a view toint1-o-
duce Protestant prejudice into the election. He never saw
the election nccounta, nor the voucherc for the _vanc-us dis-
bursements ; he might have seen them If he hadllked, but he
did not choose to take thctxonbls. He thought his seat a. re-
markably cheap purchase :1; 300l. ; in 18-11 be was 1,8002.
out of pocket by his election. _

Mr. W. T. Fsgan, the other sitting member, and that he
was 3 member of the corporation of the city of Cork. He
made application to the corporation for the use of the city
markets for polling-places, partly because_ they were the
most convenientplacesin the respective distncts, and partly
wiih 2 view to economy. Thu eberifiwas ontixlcd to a fee
of 31. for A pollin -booth in 1 market, court-house, or other

ublic lace, an to H. for a. booth 111 as private place.

a co d most solemnly declare that in making that appli-
cation he was actuated by no base motive of any kind,
either in relation to the " powder pavement" (street metal)
or auythingclse; and the allegation to the contrary con-
tained in the petition was utterly untrue. Jeremiah hint-
phy's story was a. complete falsehood. . Ea (witness) did
write to h.‘L’Sweeny, the miller, with a. new to get the man
reinstated in his e1tu-ation, but not the slightest reference
was ever made to Murphy's vote. '_l?womay’s story, too,
that he had promised him that the committee should pay
him his treating bills was grossly untrue. The man cer-
tainly made application to him for payment, but he xeplied
that he knew nothing 0:‘ the transaction, and would not
have auvthing to do with it. It was also untrue that the
Messrs. fiurke and Mahoney were nominated committecxneu
at the meeting at tho Weigh-house, as Twomay had stated.
It was 3 condition of his entering upon the contest
that. no treating or unfair influence should be brought
to bear; but he heard afterwards, to his great in-
dignution, that that condition had not been strictly
adhered to. He could likewise give a direct and com-
plete, denial ‘lo the story told by Brown—-viz., that
he accompanied him on a. car to Mrs. 0’Keefe’s and desired
the landladyto give the people full and plenty. That story
vvas entirely false thxoughout. He admitted. having given
silver money to a. mob on one occasion, and he might
have done so on 2. second, but it was merely to get
rid of them ; and neither directly nor iudixectly was he
cognizant of any organization among the people. Duxing
the polling he visited all the booths several times. The
whole population was out in the streets, but he witnessed
no disorderly conduct nor any obstxuction to the voting,
except for about s. minube at the booth where the poll was
adjourned. There was no great occasion for such a hasty
act on the apart of the deputy who chanced to receive o
smart or; on the head with 5. stone, and immediately
' jocu-ned the proceedings in considerable alarm. 'l‘he'wit-
needs seat cost him altogether 3502.

Gross-examiued.——It never came to his knowledge that a
number of voters had been brought into the town on the
morning of the 12th, breakfasted, polled, and afterwards
entertained until 6 o’clocI-1 in the evening; but,iu1mediabely
after the election, some ono-he could not tell who——in-
fanned him lhat a “ bad business” had been goiugon at
'.l‘womay’s; that Mr. Burke had ordered it, and that about
20l. had been spent upon voters after they had voted for the
sitting members. He was very indignant about it, but he
never made any inquiry into the matter. Mr. Mahoney,
who _was alleged to have been concerned in ordering that
lres-‘dug, was, as far as he know, perfectly well, and able to
appear before the committee. So was Mr. Burke, but it
was not intended to call either of them.

Mr. Nicholas Daniel Murphy, solicitor, and Mr. Francis
Lyons, merchant at Cork, who had the financial manage-
ment of the election, gave some unimportantparticularsasto
the expenditure of the election funds. They could solemnly
declare that not a single fsrthlng had been paid for any ille-
gitimate purpose, nor any liability ‘.0 pay 1nt:11l'1‘E€l. or exist-

ing. Mr. Murphy stated that the old man Boo:-e had re-
ceived employmeub in serving writs and the like from his
c-Eice forms last 15 years, and that he saw him quite entire
at a. plericcl subsequent to that at which it had been sworn
that ephadbeen torn limb from limb. In answer to the

come to town outhe polling-day '

The Commisgionen resumed their inquiry at the ususl
hour in the Guildhall. _

Thoma: Friend, the first witness, said that at the election
in 1841 Mr. Aldermen Cooper proceed him to bribe a. voter
named Termaine, and gsvo him 101., vith which he d1d_1t-
At the electlouin 1839 Mr. Aldermun Nouns also gave ‘mm
97.. to bribe the voter Handcock, and he believed that Mr.
Aldermnn Nezma obtained that money from the committee.
Witneu in 1887 also bxihcd another voter; but after-
wudt, findinghe was not going to vote right»,‘tool-2 the money
out of his pocket. He received money from Pout in 1847 to
bribe ‘voters. Votes, services, and money was synonymous
or convertible terms in Canterbury. At the last election, in
1852, witness bribed the four Jocelyn: with 52. each, and
they told him they had been promised the lame sum from
the " Blueu.” Also gave other voters, mentioning them,
31. and 62. for their votes. The money came from Pout,
from whom he received 491. Had been ofiexed money for
his own vote. bubhad iudiguantly declined it. Accompanied
the voter White to Hall, and recelved the 201. for the
excursion.

M3‘. Alderman Neame exam-‘med.-—'.D3cl not remember
ever having bribed Handcock with 92., or any other person.
Understood Handcock was dead. (A V
alive, and in town.”) Was never principal or accessory to
any case of bribery.

The Conmssrcmms hero
ford and his clients, Messrs.
sitting members, had made In
to surrendering the opera ca. led for the other day.

Mr. Kiugsford sai , they had taken tho opinion ofcxninout
counsel, who advised his clients that, however unconstitu-

inqnired whether  Kings-

oice, “No; hc’s 2

Johnstone and Gippa, the late ‘
their minds with reference u

tional the request of the commissioners might be, they were V

bound to give them up, as the act of Parliament under which
the commission was constituted invented them in the event
of a. refusal with very summary jurisdiction. (The papers
were here handed in, and the examination of the witness
was proceeded with.) He (Mir. Kingsford) received at tho
election in July last 6002.
and 2501. from Mr. Gipps, but persoimlly he had nothing to
do with the payments that were made.
1,5UOl. passed through his hands, and he had no doubt it
wasMr. Smy¢he’e Inoney, and the whole of which he paid
to either Partridge or Pout
Mr. Lushingtonh election 2,0001. was paid
gave an account, but without any vouchers.
item in those accounts designated "confideutial,” and
which he (Mr. Kingaford) presumed meant bribery.

human Admanda, a. baker, received 701. from Font, and
pagbed 51;: voters (naming them) in the “Red” interest with

. one .

Thomas Munns bribed the Styles family at the last
election with 80%., given him by Pout. The Styles were
2! ht in family, and he gave them 101. each for their votes.

itnees had not been paid for his services.

James Bligh deposed that Collard gave him 15!. to pay
the vote: While.

Mr. Ward, proprietor of the Kcvztish Gzzwle, and a. mem-
ber of the Conservative committee, stated that he 83%’
Collard put the money in a. parcel, which 9. man named
Aseherdcn tool: to Bligh.

T. Johnatono, amiller, alleged lhat Zfauh gave him 2a.
to pay Roberts, a voter, for two colour tickets; and 4!. for

. Councll. Roberts said he received the same fmm both
parties. This witness amused the Court with an account of
the miraculous subsistence from Sunday to Tuesday ofs.
voter named Ruaher, who secreted himself in witnes:s’s
waggcu left at the last election, where he eubsiatozl chiefly
on four gallons of water.

Thomas Taylor, turnkey of the county gaol, received 3301.
from Dr. Lochae and 40!. from Pout at the last election, and
paid bills with it. Lent Bourne, 9. voter, 5l. for his vote ;
and paid 42 messengers, who were Conservative vobers, an
average sum of ll. ouch. Ike work of these messengers wee
altogether nominal. No one would he put on as a messenger
who did not vote for the party. This had been the custom
in Canterbury for years on both sides. Paid (fool. for
ribauds and bows, which were made In the voters’ wives.

W. C. Irons, licensed victualler, minted having bribed
Thomas Brown-3 with 55., given him by Kelsou.

Mr. Walker, a solicitor, of Canterbury, for 20 years, do-
posed th_a.t,_ being under-sheriff at the last election, he took
no part 1:: it. He denied what Mr. Smytho was represented
to ave said, that he (Mr. Walker) received money from
him at any election; and he also denied 2. similar statement
made by Mr. Gippa. In 18-17 8151. was paid by Mr. Gippa
to witnessfs account to contest his election ; but, on Mr.
Gipps withdrawing, witness, after playing certain sums,
repaid 5001. of it to Mr. Gipps ,- and wicness’s services were
gratuitous. Denied that he took any part in Lord I’.
Clinton’s election ; although his Lordship said he (witness)
was his agent, Lord Clinton brought down his own
solicitor.

A. Ahrahams stated that he gave 32. to 9- voter named
Beckford, on Mr. Pilcher, Lord Conynghn.m’s steward, ea.y«
ing, “ Give it him if you think he wants it ;” butas to
Elsling his own vote for 2. paltry 31., he would rather starve

Z

to Pout, who
There was one

Mr. SL.:'LDE(Cl1lBfCO_l11mlSi50l1el‘).—-T118 bribar is as bad as
the bribed, and yours 18 merely an aifected purity.

John \?Vhite, a. voter, admitted that he received 5!.
for his vote for Johnstono and G-ipps, and he Went after the
election to Hull. His father and brother received 91. The
other side only offered 5L. for Romilly and Soznerville.

_A.fter some further evidence the commission adjourned bu

this day.
THE CAMBRIDGE OBSERVATORY.
 _

In 1841 about -

was spent in colour tickets. Al: .

from the Hon. Mr. Johustouo, ‘


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‘ Lcsxmtlm t:esnais£- mi f¥}”,i5;2fi£;~..fis;1iijc:}:, with the exwp
man. {if 45% hafazma flf 5,3.5§2Z., 11 ahsorhexi ‘lay the
.iiq‘a&i.€$w1;i@n caf ,:::1.:i.:—.§Is;£z.néi§,g*,~»~*‘&a}.aa11=;fi’:1z*>:-3,, ciabezztaza»
'§n'E2s":as’€z, smtél £313 dividagfi  fihia aha;-E»h:3}.&¢:~:ra.
fhara 3% 3.15:: a «$511 ‘£1-nlgmsza in gnaw» z2£ 8,1":“2£.,
wt 3 s*aria%zy ¢:»f£3 emagafigs exixi agsfi iia, requiring
ma Whala ammznis, no-+7: mam. fiezr: mess air-
mmstancerm. thfi  was 33:1 mi: mnsitkr ii; pruflmmt
in IecAammen££“thV -istribntian sf 3. higflgri mike: ~t;TE2m
fi per «gem. Th, . flowing figures axhihi‘ta;!:he iafsasi

aifimnum.-3wm.m~. ..-J31.  .~..u«M..-.....em -

A. 1? mrfs A of
 as which.
Afieiing is
5 &i;3~::i::arg£:fl

 
 
 

E mizaiien ‘£5: £319: gayest of 'gaEit.i%i afizaim, hm is.

gariatam sf %?:$:i*§'a§é$ 159;: aizaéniagga am nfiaer as;-mntaa-.1 ;

; aprisafi {mar in 4:»%:Ifis»i';11 zaumbar uzaf yezaazzs, anfi, aithaugk I

whi-ah. it may he manila to 1

 53$  iv an is absuluiseiy rzvacessasry far "ma cam» %

riwafiand sieelazrefi. wags afi  mie-

“n_ ‘Baa 3»I§*a t-E‘ V

flaw rn.,m» L‘i«'~L' W9’; “""’
., / - ~ . V   3bJ—7'i“\
m rm  


Twenty--sixth Anniversary of the City Guard.
News Yark Trmm‘ (1857-Currrntfile); Jun 15, 1859, PloQucst Historical Newspapers The New York Times
Pg-

vv uq

——~—-—---——----—-—-

Twenty-oixth Anniversary of the City Guard.

The City Guard, Captain IIALLICK, renowned as
the élite military company of the City, celebrated yes-
terd a}; the twenty sixth anniversary of their organiza-
tion, by an excursion to West Point, on the stearn~
boat Erie. chartered for that purpose. Alarge num-
ber of invited guests zmcorngvanled them, including y

Lord Fumcrs Cozmlou.-.n, son of the Marquis of g’
Convxouau, one of tile in.-roes of the Crimean War; {
Colonel VAN Burma, Colonel Dommu, Major SKID-
mou,tlle Rev..loux Gzm',Cl1'lp1ain to the Military
llcuilemy ; Cnptzlln I.ovzm. and the lion. Ensrrs
lluuolzs. The 1-.‘n':. under the conduct of tgaptuin
RAY. was well chosen for the excursion, being 11 ml-
pzwiuus uml admirably well ordered boat.

:.’l.ortly otter 8 A. .\l., the City Guard left their air-
:r.or}',anrl marched down Broadway, paying the horn
or Lia S‘-llllle to the .\Iilw-nukee Light Guard at the
Astor house. Tltence they prucu-cried to the foot of
Cl.'a1nb¢rs—atreel, where they embarked on bond the
Irte, accoxnpanit.-d by i1.;dwortll’a Band, and about a.
hundred invited guests. A six-pounder on board an-
nounced their departure, and ateaclr successive town
or village on the river. the said piece of ordnance
noted their arrival, and gave a hearty salute in pass-
ing. At Sunnyside the City Guard dld honor to litera-
tum by saluting VVABHINGTON lrmm}.

on reaching the landing at West l’oint,tl1e Guard
and their guests marched to Cozzenl-3' Hotel, where
tney were received informally by General Scorr.
who. on the occasion of the annual examination of
the cadets. is at present staying at Cozzens’. On re-
turning to the boat 9. handsome dinner was served on
deck under the awning. Speeches and songs were then
in order, the toast: being announced by Private Law-
nnracr B1;nxx,ln the following order:

1. The Gmmnor of the State of New-York ; respond-
ed to eloquently by Col. Dowr.1:vo.

H2. The Day we Cclcbrate; responded to by Captain
llmcx.
H3. Tllgze Dlilitlzlxl Ego :1: l.'2111itf1d States ,' to which the

on. BASICS ' rep e .

4. The past Commander: of the city Guard ; uln-
quenlly Ilznpnnded to bv Cant. FIRMS. <

5. The /Lag of the City Guard, Me gr/to/‘the .\'¢w-
Englgvfi tgzeafird oj Boston ; to which Paymuster lim-
muul p .

Many other toasts followed, eliciting appropriate
speeches. A,I0llK‘t0ttl8‘l1ll‘0l -fllulu I..lng‘SynI9‘ns
composed by Dnl‘. W. 1' Isuzu, burgeyon to Lie blty
Guard,was rung by the whole (uuurd, the bamd ac-
-c(v[np8Z:)'iIlg them. A voluntary toast in honor of
the " Army and Navy of Great Britain,” was re-
sponded to b Lord Comzvoruu, who said thgt though .
he had been ut six weeks in the United atates,nc
had alroadv seen enougn to convince him that the
the Americans wfiro linstlty r81Il0V;lllt'.[hf((l)l' their
hospitality. In 8 18 rave s to u never
been so continuoully and kindly irezrtcxl, and
when he returned to England he would proudly tell
his friends or‘ the day spent on the Hudson River m
the steaml»ozstErz'e. wlthtlw New-York Cltr Guard»
This om-r luzt cordial srgeecll was received with loud
applause. A lcuturc of the cnnvtvlnlltles was the en-
tertainment ulfuruell by Mr. Sun-um MAs$:'l-r,
“Jeelnes 1'lpes,ol l’ipesville,” one of tho invited
guests. Ills tlec‘nluutlun0[ 'l‘::¢Nrsox'a "Charge of
the Ltglrt Brigade” wgls very effective.

'l‘l1eCily Guam will lose none of their well-lle-
servedlenown by the anniversary of yesterday. It
was in every way wortlly or them as the crack mili-
tary corps of the City. On their return they were re-
uelved 1:)‘ “W 5?_l=0nt| Cumpzmy of Seventh Regiment,
and €8l3U|'1t:l.l,\'IlUl duo military honors, to their Ar-
mory.

. 

-

Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


- - 1432' I D
The Times, May 19, 1853: P9- 4: 155“ 2 ' CO

{(31% Gil.-:3 of fiantarhury naifzis szaraiy famishnm
 with a. fresh Sifikjaflfi in plat:-a of the 
rayaiziizinn af   muxéemc‘1.at= the

0 altar at‘ .1253 aatheeimh Thaw isiea is aizale 

warn. out; wa want fiflflkfifililfig of a. mam pmefiimié
aafime-mmmeflging mare: aypiisaiwia ta {aha times
in whisk we five than £113 pazrpataak three finighfzs

E and in.evi§abl.a»t1:wa mania :.'.e‘s§e6ti'9'¢%§3“ aitaekfng

anti  ‘£113 pmtsen pf the: saint. If ‘M; venfiura
its mgnggasfi thafi £312;-e time has new 9.-rriwfi far gut-
iiaag fihat ‘bleami marfiyr an the simif, ifi Ea 
we think we are in 3» -suandétigm ta afiaz some new
mzbjesta, «imam fmm the same caf:11e=a‘E1~a.'l aity, ho i:.h_e

‘-"‘ Lani}; fiazsmiflflam; an haaring fiixat he-1 snn».iu-Isgwg,
be turned inks a wry fine  indfeaci. f£*1a.ee:

fammzs
farm 3. pmmmem: wjecb em flw cwvafi. 

 

§&::“pai:n.a7i13* shaming ahaut the stage in 2. rs-.£m~.
 state of m‘Tmd and biwfizag everylixofiyl. Mr

. I

sezxted as lying an tiixé flea: tam  tvem yiacgg by
tha t-gym: figuge-is af £313  IS§Tareizigneggm,..-
alga in  -veimt, liim  M Azmmcm,
new 133% paint; wk tbs: requisite szeaesgsnries of anal:

amid make semethiag af Mr. Smmm,  iika

notfica of mu:  artfsis. Sxzreiiy “ihe: grief of 0
I“ 5513:  Sumnmm, istén be ap,gmed,’* might; 

.. arse,” si‘::1fi’m‘"1.. to rzplation, might "

We aimulxi  fax ma aged “ Fina ’°1--the:
 stawaihi. ‘ho the eataie, and guardian (sf flxa fima,
habifiacl in seezmfy Isfack, Eilzza that vénerasbia gr-:i~# 0
; ‘mtg f-ufsax: in  ezli .Ec:sz:21zm2maz*, who is

 Jsm.19a~:£oriE‘s manifiwta ‘might $23 rayraa 0

what: her éiivama was was argiiefl. Snrsiy we ‘

a aubjech. *3§‘hen., agaizzr, nu: Em-LB,.;a;:?£1ae1it& fifiends ‘

a éfeaiser of am}-ersfih ;;1;;yg___——-»~ana .Ie:g red, am.

Article 12

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 0 Qua,  -’e}xa bwély ~g:in33e-—fia$:‘5§fiag' 633? .»

, the gamiiy sum of '2’/_,£.’A+M2'. ta 53:3 1 ‘free »
1 ma imiepan-flmrat exeams cvf the may at‘ (fianteyhuxy, ’
5 in mfmm Em  hwamxx of raggresazxtilig thaw in
: jgkzfiamggt égneihexz suisjsazxfa might Em fomztl in

“  Bnnmmin bed at ‘iihefiountain, reafiing,

b ca:  ma iighfi af izihe» partafa lamy, iziaafe Mr.

:5 vmcx.  withflraxvn fmm the marizest because,

“ at  mums withant hxihajy was 
“ p:>mi'bie;*’ 311%,. ahaw all, was myafimi 
ahfiuiti attamgh as. ahaflnwfy xeptwseniatisn af fi}:10S§
mysfiarions beéngs Wham aentmai mats ara  ‘Ea

he at: the Gwen and Refaifm -Efiubs, anti who mite»

amnipaiank war the fate; af eier;¥;ia<ns. Thais ii; is

flgay magi. in awful mnaiave, unseen wen By ’&he~

waiters esrpagesg hxjxjl: ltixeix 1;r::aen¢§= is  not
wifiimut 3 emztnin reiagm-‘ms awe, 33;9”f3;‘n§"gei¥f1fi*Il}3:’fl
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Page 2 of 8

04/10/03


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Article 12

   

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1 amism £ airs

 

mrieianea af thaVe:xisi;a,1me af gunk a. aecasafi mnnufl

‘ inqjzira ifinin than fiantarfimjy .inig3:i£ias, has pnbliifir
é-.em1arad_, in =uanfirm..afimar at‘ Golaael Rémgm-*g
:%fBv*?§3?3Hfi‘*9 ‘@3139 fifffififi, “ 133:3-.& ha is a. mamhsr af
“ #136 Baafnrm (flab, ané tizai 3153; axgyatiaaz-n::$ in the
‘ same. H4: knew-5 of tha mistenaa of a, ‘1}1:i~tI2§,?§Q
“fiI2:1éx‘, fmm ga-natal nzmetzr, hufi of rm am the
: 1}a.1?t1.B$ inta 1112:1535 313$-5.3. that mazwy is :pgig},, ms
t'1‘1ro%;I,gh whine lgamés it 1;as5aa,h=r:kaBwa :£wtI1i:;g.”
 ifi 31:91:24? scam, a.re13af2ter yaanagec} than at
£518: fiarltan. .1‘? aiwfiy can tell a.nyt§!iEg about this
: parazma mnsamed, Eat the mac:-Hey iv forfimnmiatzg
when xwsdeaf and jrraa aanbzibzatafi  gay the
%3iP%ma3s af Gamma! R&mmtaa“a aiesfiian "am 1859..
 far as flantarimmy apeaifiaaally is suncamaa
fihelfiammissianmfi as yeti have (ml? aumefied in
Pfigfiifig awn regard what all [aha -warm gnawed at,
-%'?’B 35 ifiiha SP%Bifi¢ figuaas.   whaa
‘he ixaé $11419 aseerlzainséla éhat. he   flreém,
Emil féfiiwqlienm,  afwéarminad in make a
‘@333 %_V£‘‘‘e”*V "35  aim? aacaréiflg-1:? taié thee
 that  eelefiivzm in 1841 
him 'i’3fl!B93; A1:  efmfian a; very 
fl!x"p!&IXiii$t;fIfi&‘ £33? ‘V3231; at-a falsyiafi “mIaur—§§: "’
WE mmmm the mm af 2,0933, mg,
 Wusazr was fihis -opgaanamt, and ‘thaw .
3&5 an eqtzmi‘ expeaéifiuim -at’ abkuur~ti,ei:etx an 
sida, sea that the eiaahora of amisarhury weei-vwi ‘

3% that iaima fzram flzasa W3 aaafifiafies, mag: this

5 F  13992 by aux: artiati: mmggvgggzfig. 
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_ ytxrxty a an my. Wa haw  toiembiy aiaar . cs mwgwa it ewauifii mm-1%; gym elaafiimx safe. .
in zhha Wmrazm af this Gafitan, anti may Mag», ;‘

   ft]: er  .   % 
' ‘mm’ we '3 8 Vmmmmmm aypnmtafi ta ‘ Emu .Jum”€avr-ofi'E. mam

—  his asxgsweas at the 1:za%»ami‘ai-an had cost: him» 1
Eva» kzmw 'isZ'mf: :3.  111951? $030133?“ %
A» ticimts: hafifheen imueéi  iflw ms;-wsae emf tha»é1m‘»‘fiifl% %
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Article 12

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“ wifiigaui Eafaxaxma ix} £55 haing mpanflfiifi 311
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w kncswing emsazy what -the habits 9? the hsrangix
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“ M .a2:y‘ rata, it 2.-ms campamfivflfif‘ ¢h39§;Pj~"
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gasntiamaz; stateé

L3;,3€3fia?.

éiabufh anaianfi usages, améx an 1.3% .mat;tm:s 
 :.mu:rsa.~ The aamiéemtiun, hawewsr, which
émva this gentleman tar txymara extrema measnmfe;
W323, that “ kg was afiaié af   3513
“ wharf. is  ?' =tm‘bm~3" the ‘Biffiflikfl ?u::sa’ _
4‘ Ming; :5, 1-313  sf’ Elia  n%s {sf

 

mum adfieéi, “that: what:   saw that _wpr1t3
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‘ffiffazcahfianass ti‘: her mm   b 
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‘iinga at iurmeac e1wfieB3,$%$:t6&*t3jat “ in 135E has at
3* fimi; pra1rit1e&%8‘8fi3., ma ifisnzfliifil; mam, irzew
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Article 12

" fhug, iixen, {aha $16. mrrangamems wnfiinwa. It
=~.«:mfii1*g "fi;*&ai'1.‘{j‘ é§I}2&~pa£imm: caf mar rezziiam  we» wersa
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£3 gain: ta tfiamama =cane111siz3n,m»§ha% wvgzy e2e:>n~
fidazrafila §m-r£.infm--sa;v=‘ a-aiahaifmafi Efza wn.s3si~
izmxwy af Ganiezbuxy is bzmglxt zmé. saié ix, $116

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; Gmtmhnmg  awry.

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Page 7 of 8

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oily, MAY 19, 1853.

CANTERBURY, Wnhrrssnar Evssnrc.

To-day,

Mr. Slade, 'Q.C., Mr. Chisholm Ansley,
Mr. P1

The

SUEDE.

confidence in him,

question. In order
was all paid in gold.
not) was nota clerk in
stated by Pout. . Ho
sovereigns with him. He had
Bryclges and Mason, his solicitors
tosondtbe 500Z. down by some trustworthy -person.
the election he
be (Mr. Gipps)had no doubt the 8001. was to
corrupting the electors; but be imagined that
would be applied in legitimate expenses.
that as " trustworthy’
reigns, he meant by that a.

vent its being traced, he meant he did not want
to come into his private account athis bunkers’.

he did not receive any money from Mr
gentlemzn was 2 candidate
gave
of success. Could not
tired so suddenly on that occasion,
was from his being bribed to do so.

were Mr. Smythe and Mr. Wilson.
Smythe’s commitleeman, and
surer. Witness was told that if
‘ to him they would be supplied

as they might re uire. Witness
and 8001., and Al ey 4001.

wit

of bribery ; but

he had no account returned
Paid the money

under orders from Partridge,

He had no doubt, however,

told him that Blinks had
tion contained in the list of
which he put in yesterday,
Blinks, who was not the aulmagent of the "Red”
tee. Did not of his own knowledge know if the
bribed. Was not aware whether

1.000 sovereigns, but ho received 4001. or 500Z.
Kingsford in sovereigns by the order of the
committee, MI. Partridge. Witness did

from

number were so employed they must
money from another source.

8. procession as that which followed Mr.
the two Bornets were also engaged in
had paid 2001. for bribery purposes at

besides 1,1001. he had before accounted
similarly applied. Had no doubt the "
mission on their operations,

not lauow that any of the

convulsive laughter), never received 3 farming
one for my services. My remuneration was the
of those I served. _
Lord Pelham Clinton,
amincd.-—He stated that in 184?
ci Ly of Canterbury with lllr.

or otherwise. He was introduced to
harmless so for as money was concerned.” Ha

down that was to dcfraymthe expense of the election.

Gurney Crossdsll was r:

prevailed at Canterbury elections

I would
come down.

1.! e procession,

on one occasion,

money. The whole of the money,
Major Beresford. After the electron

of Mr. Crossdsll going away with
tlem.
Mr. Alderman Brent,

1850 to Mr. Cu

ms OANTERB URI’ BRIBERY comntsszozr."
. .

.. 'Wl1i_tewiclr,jun.,
on the reeesembling of the camrqiseioners,——
and Mr. Buroham,
umptre Gipps was again examiued.——Ee said, that ‘
the money paid to him by Mr. Forbes Mackenzie was 111 two ’
5001-. paid to Mr. Pout by Arbutlmot was from
his (Mr. Gipps’s) own solicitors and was his own money. He
gave directions for it to he paid in small sums, but he could
not say he heard some of it was paid in direct bribery-_. _He
told Pout he would receive the 500l., as he had unlimited
He was told beforehand what the ex-
penses would be, and he therefore provided‘ the sum in
' to -prevent. the money being traced, it
The person who brought it (A.rbutl1-
the Commercial Bank, as had been
(Mr. Gipps) brought 3001. down in
no account of the way in 1
which all this money was expended. He told Messrs.
, at the time of the election,
After
paid 2502. by checkto Mr. Kingaford, and
be spent in.
part of it
‘When he said
person waste he sent with the save-
Eersou who would not make
away with the money, and w on he said he did so to pre-
thc money I

Mr. John Pout, upholaterer, ers.n1iued.—Ho deposed that
. Vance when that
for Canterbury in 1850 ; but he
Mr. Vance his impression as to the chance that he had.

persons who were bribed, and
and not that he gave into
commit-
rneu were
at the bye, or single-
banded election, in 1841, a box was sent down containmg

gentlemen, and there never, in witness's opinion, was such l
Smythe. Believed
bribing. Witness
the election in 1841, 1
for, and which were
bribers”l:ad a.com- I
though not to the extent of I
one-half the amount given them to bribe with ‘ end he did l
_money ‘_‘stuclr”_ )7 the way. I
(Laugnien) I (said the witness, with gravrt , sndarmcl
from any
firierxdship

M.P. for Sandwich, was next ex-
he was a candidate for the l
Vance, but that he was not in
the least connected with Canterbury either by family ties r
the notice of the elec- l
tors by Mr. la‘-ridley, a solicitor, who said he “ should stand
(Lord Clinton)
also sawhlajor Beresford, and Major Beresrazd sent the mogfly I
irrnan of the committee. Had I
(said his Lords'h.ip) been aware of the practices that had
not have
It was noised about town that 5,000l. had .
bzen brought from either Lord Albert Couynghsm’s or .h_I.r.
Dcnison’s for the purposes of the “ Blue” cause, and during
after the election, a fellow
aesed the window of the Rose Hotel, where I was staying,
holding in his hand apparently a bag of money, end address-
ing me, said, “ This here’: got the electiou—~if you have
some next time we’ll get. you in.’j (Laughter-.) Lord Tor-
rington was to have been a candidate in the first instance,
and I believe that Lord Ton-ington supphed some or the
however, came through
I believe 7001. was paid
on my account, but 1 had to pay some bills in course uencs
5001. sent down to efxrf

recalled, said, he paid the balance
of the amount he received for the expenses of the election of

pack, who was then acting, he had an im-
nrmxmn fnr fin ms.-ll 12:-rmtllv rm... t...l........ ......: 4.. ar- n-..

‘ ‘lain whether Taylor had

1

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I

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I

 

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give any reason why Mr. Vance re- l P373913 531178 KW“ “P-
but did not believe it 1
(Laughter-.) The elec-
tion in 1841 was a single-lnnded one, and the candidates
Witness was Mr.
Mr. Kingsfcrd was the tree.-
Inybsm and Alley applied
such sums of money
gave Inghsm between 7001.
He hid no doubt that these
sums were applied by Ingham and Alley for the purposes

by them.
now dead.
Alley was also dead, but Iuglzszn was in Canterbury. He
should say that about 3,0002. w_asemployed_ in direct money-
bribery at that election, Which was a single-handed one.
The money at the general election of the same year passed
through wilness’a hands, but how much he could not say.

 

l

 

I

that the same practices with 
respect to bribery and colour-tickets prevailed. Hollands ‘
furnished Inn: with the informs-

 

I

chairman of the ‘
_ not give the money There
to the 60 persons to bribe with on the occasion ; and if that ;
have received the 5 towards Ghattertows voters.
The csndidate’s committee g
consisted of the most respectable citizens and county

l

l

} G
l

. around his booth,

l hiurphy and Fsgan,

io pay the eolourmen. ‘Some time after the election he re?

ceived a second sum of 300l., ll) three several checks, from

p 8 part.nerin,l£t.Kiugsford’a house. The
checks were on Hammond’s bani-:. Gave 150;. to Taylor to
pay bills with, and 1001. to Charles Godwin, just after the
election, for a. claim he alleged he had against the Conser-
vative party at previous elections. Witness did not ascer-
any legal demand for this sum, but

paid him because he was afraid he would dams o the Con-
servative cause if he did not. _ Witness had heard since that
odwiu was clogged in bnbmg. Did not bribe a. mm
named Brown. as physician to the Canterbury
Hospital, and canvassed the patients ‘there during
the election, but did not remind them ot'- the 01311‘
gallons they were under to him for the services he had
rendered them in his professional capacity. Urged the
gentlemen of the committee to pa ' Godfin for the reason
he‘ had stated. Mr. Kingsford said he did not know any-
thing of the claim, but that he considered it exorbitant.
odwin voted for the Conservatives. Onbis honour-as a
gentlemen, and on his oath, he had not heard tha.tG-odwin,
threatened to expose the Conservative party in Canterbury
if he was not paid.
Mr. Kiugsfcrd, sen., hero addressing the committee,
said, he wais instructed on behalf of his client, Mr. B.
Jobustoue, not to give up the papers called for by the com-
rnisaioners. He did not think the commissioners had any

right to do so. He (Mr. Kiugafordlas solicitor, had a lianon :

them.
Mr. SLADE.-The sot gives us plenary power, and we
s_ all not exercise it to the prejudice of any one. We will
give you until Friday to consider.
. K.ingsford.——llIr. J ohnetone objects to my giving up
private papers.
The Hon. Mr. JOl1llBlDl18r--2'53 ; I object to my private
. Snann.-—We have power, Mr.
‘where we should put Mr. Kingsford.

(Laughton)
he Eon. Mr. Jolmstouo.-—-I am willing to take all the
responsibility.

Mr. Sr..\.on.-—-You had better read the act of hrliamsnt.
Mr. C. A1.'srnv.-—If the papers are not here on Friday,
I, for one, shall be prepared to carry out the act in its

extremity.
Mr. Sr.a.m:.——~Nothing will be done without the most
5 defined duty to per-

mature consideration. We have
hit. Kjngsfoz-d.—Aud I have a. duty to my client to per

Johustone, to put you

form.
form.
The proceedings were then adjourned to this day.
_..__._.__......_..._..

ELECTION COMMITTEE.
-———-:Q.._._.

COEK.

The firat gvitness yesterday was _h£r. Bryan Galway, local
Crovm solicitor for the West Riding of C-ark. He repre-
sented tno state of matters on the 12th of July as perfectly
or-derly—_-unusually so for 2. Cork election day. _ the
 mare azondacted with strict regularity and

auness 0 par les.

Cross-examined.-—He acted as deputy Sher-ifiat one of the
booths in Harper's-lane, and his range of _observatiou_ was,
of course, confined to the booth at which he_ oiliciatod.
There werebarehesded women in the booth, joking and
making their remarks as the elector-5_ recorded their votes.

was no demonstration of feeling within the booth,
but there was, Oflif-nae the door, angry feeling, and thst
~ There was brandishing of
shlllelagbs when they oppearad. Ea saw no occasion for
the services of the military, but he was nevertheless very
glfnd W11:;11tlI]1;)tyt1C&§I1_lI?i. hThc1: wtrtness thenproéessfd rgnorincg
0 save a s e ec roneermg me: on s w re
Serjeont Kinglake directed his attention, such as the mob
threatening a Protectionist voter that
they would “cut his g--3 out.” and the like. Mr. Sara-
field, the magistrate, polled at his booth. He might have
been obliged to come there under military escort, without
'situes's's knowledge. Captain Whyto might also have been
set upon by the mob after voting, and rescued by the sol-
diers, without \v1tuess’a_know1edge. Witness was aflstholic.
There were priests going about the booth during the day,
but they took no part in the proceedings. He wu unable
to name any of them. Mr. Fitzsimmons asked him to
adjourn the poll, but he refused, as he saw no occasion.

Mr. Philip O’Connell,‘:sol1icitg‘x-, and instpectgr, onhbeléalf of

a t e eemens oot int e outi-
house. represented the proceedings there as quiet and
orderly. The voters there were supposed to be somewhat
v:ns;fi._ gpfsoegdgestégn was made to him that the poll was
a a in r or in .

Cross-examined.-—The bribery oath was administered,
with only a. few exceptions, to all the voters who polled for
Chatterton, and some of them were_most 1-cape stable people.
He administered both the persouatmu and the bribery oath:
to s clergymsnhof 1Wl1.‘l10EB idengty and respectability he en-
te t ‘ ednott e ig testdcu .

lE{l;l:xamined.—-—EThe Chatterton party aggravated what
distugbsucc theé-e wasnby counter cheering for the " Bloody
Stoc port mur erers.

No “ state of the poll” having been issued at Carl; at the
last election, and them begg no lzlneanls of sagisiyrggdtlie
committee as to the num Is 120 ed y eac can i 25 e
at thg diflerfing periods of the day, counsel for the sitting
ruem era ca o

Eugene Soiliiran, who described himself as having been
formerly in business. He stated that he was engaged on the
gelling day in driving about the town, visiting this grfiarent

th b ’ b tte e oin on, an e gave
tllig wlrirguilgbzllligs c:l\du]JlLrl.lionrSfl.‘lorl1a§)bse§vation of all the
booths, of the numbers upon the whole poll for each candl-
datetnt ddifierésnli hcurfi. He reprgsentaed the city aepe.rfecg.&l1y
me an n or y. e saw no angerous weapons in e
liands of the people, nor ‘any obstruction offered to the

L

‘ their be

{=-

; mon Law Commxsxon

-. oil‘; and whether they are under the control of

; liament with thefiew

3

PARLIA dI1:’.N'7’A R 1’ NOTICES.
————-—c-—-——

HOUSE OF COMMONS, Taonsoar, MAY 19.
oxnrms or arm: DA.‘.'.
Ways and l\Zeans.—Repnrt.
. Custom-, Eco, Acts. —It:port thereupon. _
3. Excise Duties on Spirit-._Bili.-—Second rearlrm.
Customs‘ Duties on spints Bill.-— Second reading.

§upply, rt.
B

'81. éizcs e;:io.«Imnge§ glgetmpolis) I2il1.— Ccuzmitt-.~::.

. 2-.’ an eans.—~ mm: 2.

.  &'.c.. Acts,-— Committee thereupon.‘ [Prograsa 13th of
IL

rim 1: tSl1i ‘ ill. 'fe-.
11.rii§§aii:°ciummgB' "Comm a

Pa’
.4

[Progress 13th of .1f:7.y.}

-0 mmrbtxee. [Pro ~ mt {An '1.
reiizfizfonvicmd Prisoiiers Removal Oonlfirfemeznrtl ]]3il1,-—S&oou:!
E.
13.c~e-- ~ -_ ~-_. «
nth ofbfizgvvlrates and Expenditure Bill, Committee (‘Pi-ogrez..

14.sn ‘fr : ~ _. - .1 t’
sew“ c§£11mit(%£0;1.rti31]l;1fré%$ni;il.]Bm, Adrourned debate r a We to

blichousea (soot.lnnd)'Bi1I,-—Commitbee. [Progress 2021:. of

NO¥IC'}'S OF MOTIONS.
Atxtéze  of1"§;;uie Bnslrébrfes. W! “I b
lulu _B€ 00111111} OH 11 0 Hr;
mated by the Committee 6:  £ “ °3 ' ‘an re l° ' mm"

mTle.n£II‘.r11Ke¢:5i]§ei.rDL;.t—i5§‘0‘1n;:k the Secretary-of State for the
tlurln
em

_ Home Depot“.-
, . Her hhxjesfiefi Govcrmneut,
the present SeS§10l1 of Parliament, to introduce any measure
‘mg the sugge;-Ersons of the report recently made by the Corn.
2. lIr. Bari W211.-—-To ask Sir W'lUam hiolihmorbh vh th th
bronze statues m the metropolis uxeevl Sm orjhcl clgcueg

on ' Government

office; and whether it is intended, before the scufloldileg is removed.
from the statue at Chnring cross, to repair it.

3. . Ss.nd3r'~a.—To ml‘: the Pr-os_ident of the Board. or Trsrle what

course Her llfaiestys Government rutendstc adopt tins session of Perv

_ . of introducing u. system of agricultural statis tics
mate the united kingdom.

Mr. '.l'hou:a.s Duncorube,-—'1‘o'asl: Lord John Russell. whether he
has any intention of hare.-mar hriugin the metropolitan district:
within thooperatiou of his Education Bid.

_ . d Dudley Stuart.--To ask the noble lord the member for the
city ofI.x:nd12;:, whether h ' “XE ' in ' my th
vernmen sri respecttot cexp ion of polricalre goes In it
territory ufTur):e)' on the demand of xussin. rind Austria.

1. Sir George Goo<lnmn.—-That Mr. Speaker do issuehis Warrant to

the Clerk of the Crounto make outa new writ for the electing of s

uzgeyetosen-e In this resent Parliament for the borough of Cli-

theme, _in thgorgoom of hllztthevr Wilson, 1654)., whose election has been
void.

A2. _)lr. Tllomns I>8un((‘:1‘r,:r)1be.-El'xI'l1:i?£1l.lre return ordered on the Stir of
rA1.re‘miTeT»0 :.  o- or 'r .’U.illCl1"I be laid i’
“ii ‘l€.°5?‘?“lr%**- 4.“ fl’ ..§.....°°e ‘ bi 

. ..om ' rear. nieso co. en-eon thecrlnlatst
Wooluich in 1843_he:.Swcen theAdmiralt_v (uu Battle's Lights) and the
Dockyard. authorities, Messrs. Lloyduncl Dtlmrs:

Ofthe corrcs science from l’orLs.l:uout':1. sir Charles Ogle and the
Admrx'a1t}'.184.>, on the coloured light trials:
3%’ the Government report {Parliamentary paper No. 568. of session
01'_Adrniml Sir G. Nnpierfs t/=.stimonia.ls of I‘:eth‘e’s lights, from the
edirermnean fleet, as ordered by the board;
01' letters and correspondence relative to Captain Denham. B.Ix’.,
carrying out the coloured Lights of . Bettie. (XE. :
or the Pcyerhead m6m0flBl mm‘. to the Admiralty on the lights. on
mg immediately adopted to save life and property:
And of_ the correspondence ofthe Duke of Ncrtlmnuberlaud and the
¢OlnxnlE5lOn for I'.1:l\‘§1«igi1tl0n on the coloured fights and the reasons
for refusing to take evidence from the original inventor, as remm.
mended by the late First Lard orthe Admiralty.

. Mr. Isaac l_3utt.-—Returus for each of the years ending on the 51.1:

day of April. 18:0, 1851, audl85‘l.—
01 the amount of property assessed to the incometax in each of the
_abr{V'e years under schedule D.  from securities and possessions

in r ,
Ofthe amount of dividends assessed under schedule C in the public
flmdsm.I.n:la.nd for each or the above periods, and under schedule is,
0‘); salzmes in public olhces and pensions in Ireland. for each of the
u ON? years;
and 5!XILlL’.ll'J'eh1Y11S for the rear endinv the 5th day of April, 1853,
so soon as the assessment shall he coruplcte (in continuation of Far-
liamentary paper. ha. 27. of session 1850 .

5. Mr. Isaac Butt,—~Thut the petition of J . C. Chnttcrtou and
Thcrnas S. Reeves and others. inlrnlritanbs zmd mmm 0! property
mum: the Purinamcntarvboundury of the tit)’ and county of the city
of C03”, presented to H113 House of the 29th da,\'oz' November lost,
be printed xuth the votes.

6. . \‘r‘ilson.»Ciri1 Service Estimates (in Committee of Supply).

7. Mr. 133210 Bu’: -—Ou golngiubo Committee of Supply, to eel: the
Secretary ut War how and in what manner the inquiry ‘

tothe re-
sent state or Kilmn Hospital. menti and in 5;? ' P '~

this House; mid also

Govemxnent mtlrreferenoe to carrying out the declared wish of this

House for the uramtenzrncedor the hospital as a shelter for maimed and
I1 .

worn out. soldiers in Ireln

_ no Committee of Supply, to bring under‘
the notice of the House the approaching termiuntiori of the period of
goremment_oI1udu: by the East India Company, under the sct3d.
and filth William I\'.. chap. K5, and the dsficientstute ofinfarmstion in
wl.uch_ the House stands as to the operation of that not, old more
especially nsregards the natives of India.

‘.4. Mr. Ewart. —On civil service estimates to can the attention of
the First Uomnrisioner oi'Pub1:c Works to the yvmcticability of form-
mg 3 l1ej\' public ride in Hyde Parl:—pnssing fr ru llottcu-ro1r_urer the
Serpentine bridge, and along the sunk fence (to be levelled andro-
plsced by an_ iron railing» to the gate near Hyde 1’3r.~.‘-gnr‘don5-mtl1-
out eucroaclnng on Kensingtou-gardens or on any part of Hyde Park.
now appropriated to walliets. ,

10. Mr. Spoonerx-In Civil Servicelistimafoa, to more the OiI11B5l0l.| 0':
the proposed vote for Moyncoth.

11. Mr. G_rogm.—On the motion that Mr. Speaker do leave the

8. Mr. P -vongoing into

c from the public funds to the hozpitzns in the city of
Dublin, and how for the circurustauces of those institutions. nu-‘l their
utility 8.: 3. medical school, require the continuance of such grants.

2. Colonel Dunne.-—uu going into Committee cl‘ bllpgljj. on the
estimate for the Board oi Works [Ireland] (No.2 .21). to co the a_‘l:te'.\-
tiun oi_tbe House to the estimates, expense. and result: or the dr_fi"e:-
cut Ctr£L!.uage5 executed under the orders of that board and the ranou;
complains of Iersous interested in those drsinugsa. __

13. Lo l ey S:.uart.—()n :,'o':ng ‘r-.to Oommict2:e or supply. to call
the attention or the House to the menacing zrttltudu: oi ltureaa rewards
Turl-my. a sewer or which the independence and smbxhty have been re-
peatedly colored by Her Majesty and her Rom] |ro_1coe.=sor5. Lu.
nddrezaurg Parliament. to be oluecta Dff.he.ir_L:specl:\lsulx;\t\1<le. _

1%. . Lucas.-—0n the m'sc‘.:1ln.uoou.= estrrnatcs. clzun _1. “ Public
buildings in Ire1a.nd:" to call attention to the wan’. or’ reluzrouxprcvvr
sions for the Catholic soldiers inmates of KS‘ruu'.rLlnu.u llosmrei. and
to the inferiority irr tam: respect in which they are pia.c.>o by the votes
of this House to the Pmtstout inmates of the 5:111:12 institution . _

. A ‘;_Lu_§c.s,-;|_n Corumittee of Suppl); on the !Irrsc'2ll':_§"'f:!>us“I.=xti-

mmn:


Article 11

;colB

; pg. 8; Issue 21431

The Times, May 18, 1853

Election Exposures.
Category
Full Text

: NGWS

: Copyright 1853, The Times

  

  

  
 

      

 
     
       
 
    
   
   
  

  

  
 

 

 

 

   

  
 
   
     
   
 

   

 

    

  
   

 
 
 
 
  
     

   

    

  

  
   
      

     

   
   

 
  

 
    
  
  

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Qisraeii, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield, 1804-1881
A_8en;'aemin Bésraeli letters

Vol.5: 1848-1851 ,3’ edited by M.G. Wiebe  [et al.]
Toronto ; London : .University. of Toronto Press

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=Gonn '3. 3%. W. (John Alexander Wilson), 1937-
ieiieibe. Vi. G. (Melvin George), 1939-

Benjamin Disraeli Letters
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The Famine in Donegal

lof4

http://www2.magmacom.com/~jward/famine3a.html

The Famine--"The Times"--and Donegal
Number 3.

In  when the great Famine of that and following years was about to break upon
Ireland, §”’The Times” newspaper appointed Thomas Campbell Foster as its
"Commissioner to report on the condition of the people of Ireland".

In two previous articles, excerpts from his letters from Donegal in August and
September of that year have been reproduced. In this, the third article, there appear
extracts from his letter written at Gweedore on September 3, 1845, in which he

described the towns he passed through, namely, Donegal, Glenties, Dungloe, and the
island of Arranmore.

From Donegal town, he "proceeded to Glenties, a village which is the property of the
Marquis of Conyngham, whose chief managing agent is Mr. Benbow, M.P. for Dudley.
The whole of the country for many miles in the direction of Dungloe, and beyond that
town--in fact, almost the whole barony of Boylagh-—belongs to this nobleman, together
with the island of Arran, or Arranmore, on the West coast. Once in the course of his
lifetime——two years ago——the Marquis of Conyngham visited this estate for a few days.
His chief agent, Mr. Benbow, usually comes once a year, and the sub—agents visit the
tenants every half year to collect the rents. At short periods of a few years the farms are
visited to see what increased rent they will bear, and this is the extent of the
acquaintance of the Marquis of Conyngham with his tenants. This nobleman, himself,
bears the character of a kind-hearted, generous man——fond of yachting and amusement,
and having an excessive distaste for every kind of business or trouble. From one end of
his large estate here to the other, nothing is to be found but poverty, misery, wretched
cultivation, and infinite subdivision of land. There are no gentry, no middle—class,—— all
are poor——wretchedly poor."

"Every shilling the tenants can raise from their half—cultivated land is paid in rent, whilst
the people subsist for the most part on potatoes and water....Every rude effort that they
make to increase the amount of the[ir] produce is followed immediately by raising their
rents in proportion-—as it were, to punish them for improving; they are, naturally enough,
as discontented and full of complaints as they are wretched in their condition."

Foster reported in minute detail what he found when he visited some of the homes, if
such they could be called, of the noble marquis’s tenants.

"Into these cottages I entered. They were stone—built and well—roofed, but the mud—floor
was uneven, damp, and filthy. In one corner was a place for the pig, with a drain from it
through the wall to carry off the liquid manure, like a stable. Two chairs, a bedstead of
the rudest description, a cradle, a spinning—wheel, and an iron—pot constituted the whole
furniture. An inner room contained another rude bedstead; the mud—floor was quite
damp. In this room six children slept on loose hay, with one dirty blanket to cover
them...The father, mother, and an infant slept in the first room, also on loose hay, and

3/9/00 12:24 AM


The Famine in Donegal

2of4

http://www2.magmacom.com/~jward/famine3a.html

with but one blanket on the bed. The children were running about as nearly naked as
possible, dressed in the cast—off rags of the father and mother; the father could not buy
them clothes. They had not been to mass for a twelvemonth for want of decent clothes to
go in.

"These men assured me that their whole food was potatoes, and if they had a penny to
spare they bought salt or a few sprats, but very seldom these. Instead of buying salt they
sometimes bought pepper and mixed it with the water they drank. This they called
’kitchin’-—it gave a flavour to their food."

News Flash
That was then. This is now.

On Sunday, April 14, 1996, the President of Ireland, Mary Robinson, journeyed to
Donegal to honour Glenties for winning the 1995 Tidy Towns Competition.

"One of the things I notice when travelling around the country, which is a source of
sadness to me, is the litter. Glenties is a shining example of what it means to be
litter—free," said Mrs. Robinson. (Source: "The Irish Times" Internet edition, 15/04/96).

The contrast between conditions in Glenties under English rule, described by "The
Times" own commissioner, and the conditions described by an Irish President 150 years
on, could not be starker.

The people of Glenties, and of Donegal in general, can be proud of their
accomplishments in local improvements, all of which bode well for future endeavours.
(see The Falls of Assaroe).

Moving to Dungloe, "a village sixteen miles further, direct north," also owned by the
ever—caring, ever—so1icitous for himself, Marquis of Conyngham, Foster again described
"filthy and wretched cottages" housing not only pigs but calves and ducks "dabbling in a
pool of dirty water in a hole in the mud—floor".

Foster reserved his sharpest criticism for the local inn, which he described at length.
"The look of the inn was most unpromising. A pile of lime and sand, for building a wall
adjoining, blocked up the doorway, but a bright peat-fire and a boarded and sanded
floor——a luxury not to be met with everywhere in Ireland——made me hope for a
comfortable rest. The brightness of the fire gilded over the discomfort of the room. It
was perfectly Irish.

"Two large and apparently much—frequented rat—holes in the floor showed no want of
company of that kind. The table was propped; its cover torn and dirty; one of the
windows had before it a broken looking—glass to dress by, a corner of which still
remained in the frame; the whitewashed walls were marked round with candle—smoke

3/9/00 12:24 AM


The Famine in Donegal

3of4

where candles had been stuck with their own tallow; and two beds at one side of the
room had a most unpromising appearance. Sundry women’ s caps were stuck under the
testers for readiness, and under each bed was a pile of dirt and sand, the sweepings of the
floor from a remote antiquity." That evening, he recounted:

"After making a tolerable supper on eggs——that only support of travellers in parts of
Ireland, the bread being sour, the butter abominable, the appearance of the salt
forbidding its use, and the tea an infusion of some unknown herb——I went to bed
thoroughly tired, hoping to sleep. But the ’downy pinions’ of what the poet Young
describes as ’tired nature’s sweet restorer’ fled from me; and every moment I remained
there I began to have a more and more lively impression of the application of an old
song I once heard:--

Those cursed fleas !-—
At first they came by twos and threes,
But now they come by swarms.

"At length the weary night passed over in listening to the gambols of the rats, making the
most of their opportunity at the bread—loaf, until the quacking and cackling of some
ducks and hens in the next room assured me morning was breaking."

Foster revealed a certain sympathy for the local people, writing that he did not blame
them for his discomfort. "They gave me the best they had; and they never saw, and
cannot conceive, anything better. And with a non—resident landlord, a non— resident
agent, and no one to teach them anything, either by precept or example, how are they
likely to improve? The politeness and hospitality of a gentleman some five miles off
saved me the infliction of the breakfast."

He ended this epistle to his ”Times" readers with an account of a visit to "the island of
Arran, which is also the property of the Marquis of Conyngham", where he found
similar if not worse conditions, and where the Marquis’s tenants "lived on sea—weed part
of the year", two varieties of which were "di1lisk" and "dhoolaman".

The seeming oddity of the people of a seacoast county, such as Donegal, suffering
starvation and death by famine, when they might have subsisted on a diet of fish, has
been commented upon by various writers. Two reasons have been advanced.

Only the curragh, a flimsy wicker boat sheathed with tarred canvas, was available for
use by the native fishermen. In rough seas a curragh could not be launched.

Secondly, the fish runs were seasonal. Herring and mackerel could not be netted except
at certain times of the year. Shellfish could not be eaten safely twelve months of the
year.

A third, and hitherto, not widely acknowledged reason, was presaged unconsciously by

another English visitor to Ireland, the journalist and farmer, Arthur Young, whose "A
Tour of Ireland ” preceded T.C. Foster’s account by some seventy years, to be exact, in

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where candles had been stuck with their own tallow; and two beds at one side of the
room had a most unpromising appearance. Sundry women’ s caps were stuck under the
testers for readiness, and under each bed was a pile of dirt and sand, the sweepings of the
floor from a remote antiquity." That evening, he recounted:

"After making a tolerable supper on eggs—-that only support of travellers in parts of
Ireland, the bread being sour, the butter abominable, the appearance of the salt
forbidding its use, and the tea an infusion of some unknown herb——I went to bed
thoroughly tired, hoping to sleep. But the ’downy pinions’ of what the poet Young
describes as ’tired nature’s sweet restorer’ fled from me; and every moment I remained
there I began to have a more and more lively impression of the application of an old
song I once heard:--

Those cursed fleas !——
At first they came by twos and threes,
But now they come by swarms.

"At length the weary night passed over in listening to the gambols of the rats, making the
most of their opportunity at the bread—loaf, until the quacking and cackling of some
ducks and hens in the next room assured me morning was breaking."

Foster revealed a certain sympathy for the local people, writing that he did not blame
them for his discomfort. "They gave me the best they had; and they never saw, and
cannot conceive, anything better. And with a non—resident landlord, a non— resident
agent, and no one to teach them anything, either by precept or example, how are they
likely to improve? The politeness and hospitality of a gentleman some five miles off
saved me the infliction of the breakfast."

He ended this epistle to his "Times " readers with an account of a visit to "the island of
Arran, which is also the property of the Marquis of Conyngham", where he found
similar if not worse conditions, and where the Marquis’s tenants "lived on sea—weed part
of the year", two varieties of which were "dillisk" and "dhoolaman".

The seeming oddity of the people of a seacoast county, such as Donegal, suffering
starvation and death by famine, when they might have subsisted on a diet of fish, has
been commented upon by Various writers. Two reasons have been advanced.

Only the curragh, a flimsy wicker boat sheathed with tarred canvas, was available for
use by the native fishermen. In rough seas a curragh could not be launched.

Secondly, the fish runs were seasonal. Herring and mackerel could not be netted except
at certain times of the year. Shellfish could not be eaten safely twelve months of the
year.

A third, and hitherto, not widely acknowledged reason, was presaged unconsciously by

another English visitor to Ireland, the journalist and farmer, Arthur Young, whose “A
Tour of Ireland ” preceded T.C. Foster’s account by some seventy years, to be exact, in

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1776.

Some remarkable statistics were included in a table at page 178 of Young’s work. The
table contained five columns, and listed the numbers of seafaring men employed at
various ports throughout Ireland.

Young, meticulous in his reporting, noted that, in 1695, Belfast and Carrickfergus had
268 seamen, fishermen and boatmen. The fifth column noted, without comment, 2 were
papists.

Even more revealing, at Donaghadee, in a total of 313 not one was a papist.

Such bare facts tell their own story of the cause of unrest in the north of Ireland for the
past 300 years.

© John Ward, 1996.

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Return to Home Page

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The Famine in Donegal

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The Famine--"The Times"--and Donegal

Number 5.

   
  

"For the poverty and
distress and misery which
exist, the people have
themselves to blame"--
T.C. Foster, ”The Times"
commissioner.

March 15, 1846.

l""'\.

The fourth and final letter written in County Donegal by Thomas Campbell Foster,
appointed commissioner by "The Times" of London to inquire into "the condition of the
people of Ireland" in 1845, just prior to the potato crop failure and the succeeding
horrors of the Irish Famine, was datelined Dunfanaghy, September 10.

Just nineteen days later, on September 29, "The Ballysharmon Herald ’s”harvest report
noted an average wheat crop, an abundant oats crop, more than an average crop of barley
of excellent quality, and the turnip crop "looking well''. The next sentence in its report
began: "The potato crop looks most luxuriant but some are complaining that a disease
has prevailed to a partial extent", chilling words when read in retrospect with full
knowledge of the deaths, sufferings, emigration, and land clearances that followed.

Some present—day revisionist historians dispute the contention that, all during the Famine
years, food produced in abundance in Ireland was shipped out of the country to pay rents
to, in most cases, absentee landlords. Foster’s letters from Donegal and other areas of the
country, written at the time of the first failure of the potato crop, are contemporary
evidence to the contrary. There was abundant other food, but not for the starving Irish of
Donegal, Fermanagh, Leitrim, Connacht, Munster, and parts of Leinster.

Whatever his other qualifications might have been, Foster was a meticulous recorder of
statistics, and his measurements of food production were based not only on his own
observations but also on estate managers’ records, records that cannot conceal the
man—made nature of the Famine.

The potato blight affected practically all of Europe, but continental populations were not

dying by the scores, the hundreds, and the thousands as a result. Other food, if not
abundant, was at least sufficient to make up the shortfall, and that other food was not

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shipped abroad to pay absentee landlords in England.

Foster’s letter from Dunfanaghy was the ninth in the series. In all, he wrote forty articles,
the last dated London, February 25, 1846. His Dunfanaghy survey departed from
previous assessments of local conditions in the areas he visited. In effect, it amounted to
an attempt to justify his own prejudiced opinions of the qualities of native Irish tenants
and workers as opposed to those of the English and Scottish farmers holding lands
seized from the native Irish during the Plantation of Ulster.

Fully aware of the controversy likely to erupt on revealing his findings, he endeavoured
to sideline criticism by claiming, early in his letter:

"I enter on this inquiry with perfect impartiality——for I have no possible interest in
upholding an opinion either one way or the other, and only seek the conclusion to which
common sense points."

How far did Mr. Foster’s conclusions go to uphold his "perfect impartiality" and
common sense? A few excerpts from his ninth letter are illuminating:

"I know right well that I write on tender ground, and that I lay myself open to the charge
of ’national prejudice’ if I write a syllable in favour of the population of the north—east of
Ireland. But I do not come to bandy compliments, but to ascertain facts and to state
them. It is the nature of the men on the east coast of Ireland, by their activity, their
enterprise, their intelligence, and their industry, to rise to wealth and prosperity--to push
themselves——to accomplish greatness. It is their history in every quarter of the known
world where they have been placed. It is the nature of the men on the west coast [i.e.
Donegal] to cling with strong affection and prejudice to old habits, to their land, to their
kindred. Enterprise is forced upon them; they do not seek it as one of the pleasures of
existence. The middle classes live by subletting, and subletting, and again subletting the
land at increased rentals. This is the extent of their enterprise."

He added an observation on the poorer classes:

"As they increase, they divide and subdivide the patch of land they possess; they submit
to live on poorer and poorer food; still they cling to the land, and subdivide it with their
children till rent no longer exists, the land will not keep them, and all starve together.
Their highest ambition is to obtain ’a blanket and a shelter for Sally,’ and potatoes for
themselves and their children. This was positively the fact at Tanniwilly, near Killybegs,
in this county, on a property belonging to the Board of Education. The people being left
to themselves subdivided land till they could pay no rent, and at length it would not keep
them, and they were found a year or two ago by the Poor Law Commissioners lying in
their huts, without food or clothes, all starving together in the most frightful state of
destitution. There are numerous instances of the same result when the inhabitants of the
west coast are left to themselves; leave the people on the east coast to themselves and
they are sure to prosper."

There it was, plain and simple. To Foster, reporting to the readers of "The Times"

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newspaper from "the wretched place where I now write", Dunfanaghy, it was due to the
nature of the Irish people in Donegal that they starved, and due to the nature of planters
in Antrim, Down and elsewhere that they prospered. He gave no other account of
conditions in Dunfanaghy.

Foster’s comments on Muff are found in his next (tenth) letter, written at "Londonderry,
September 13", three days later. Since this series of articles is focused on his reports on
conditions in Donegal, his descriptions of Derry City are omitted. However, dealing with
the surrounding countryside Foster had nothing but praise for "the twelve chief
companies of London" by whose efforts the city and surrounding territories were planted
with English settlers. Here are his findings, again in his own words:

"The companies, by managing the greater part of the country around by intelligent
agents——along with the gentry, who are mostly here resident, and vie with them--have
completely changed the aspect of everything, as compared with more western districts.
Good farm houses, large squared fields, good fences, and abundant crops, exhibit ample
evidence of the benefits derivable from the application of capital and enlightened
industry.

"I had the opportunity, on Thursday, of passing through a large district of country, the
greater part of which is the property of the Grocers’ Company. About seven miles from
this town that company has erected a well—built village called Muff. Everything about it
had the peaceful, industrious, well—cultivated, and cleanly aspect which distinguishes the
better parts of England. Nothing could be more luxuriant and beautiful than the crops of
wheat, just ripe for the sickle. This estate is managed by Mr. Wiggins, an Englishman,
who is the agent of the company. The Drapers’ Company have also a very well managed
estate, which is superintended by Mr. Miller, an Irishman. The Fishmongers’ Company

are also equally well spoken of in their management, and several of the companies are
following their example."

Foster concluded:

"How clearly does all this indicate that the evils which oppress other parts of
lreland—-which convert its fertile lands into deserts, and its people into starving and
turbulent men——are social? The thriving population and generally high state of cultivation
of the county of Derry, arising from the well—directed application of the capital of the
landlords, and of the intelligent industry of the people, exist under the same laws with,
and not many miles apart from, the starvation and wretchedness and waste lands of the
Rosses and the Island of Arran, in Donegal."

In his last report before departing Ireland, datelined Dublin, January 6, 1846, Foster
endeavoured to undertake "a calm review of my five months’ tour in Ireland, now
drawing to a close." Want of employment, want of capital, and the role of landlords and
their agents, the middle—men, were subjects of his review, and he found the practices of
the 1niddle—men particularly deplorable. However, his greatest plea was for law and
order. Here is Foster at his most revealing:

3/9/00 12:09 AM


PHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH (1810——1885), English judge, third son of a well—known
ecclesiastical lawyer, Dr Joseph Phillimore, was born at Whitehall on the 5th of November 18f0.
Educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford, where a lifelong friendship with W. E.
Gladstone began, his first appointment was to a clerkship in the board of control, where he
remained from 1832 to 1835. Admitted as an advocate at Doctors’ Commons in 1839, he was
called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1841, and rose very rapidly in his profession. He was
engaged as counsel in almost every case of importance that came before the admiralty, probate or
divorce courts, and became successively master of faculties, coininissary of the deans and
chapters of St Paul’s and Westminster, official of the archdeaconries of Middlesex and London,
and chancellor of the dioceses of Chichester and Salisbury. In 1853 be entered parliament as
member for Tavistock. A moderate in politics, his energies were devoted to non—party measures,
and in 1854 he introduced the bill for allowing viva voce evidence in the ecclesiastical courts. He
sat for Tavistock until 1857, when he offered himself as a candidate for Coventry, but was
defeated. He was appointed judge of the Cinque Ports in 1855, Queen’s Counsel in 1858, and
advocate-general in admiralty in 1862, and succeeded Dr Stephen Lushington (1782—1873) as
judge of the court of arches five years later. Here his care, patience and courtesy, combined with
unusual lucidity of expression, won general respect. ln 1875, in accordance with the Public
Worship Regulation Act, he resigned, and was succeeded by Lord Penzance. When the
Judicature Act came into force the powers of the admiralty court were transferred to the High
Court of Justice, and Sir Robert Phillimore was therefore the last judge of the historic court of
the lord high admiral of England. He continued to sit as judge for the new admiralty, probate
and divorce division until 1883, when he resigned. He wrote Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of
England, a book which still holds its ground, Commentaries on International Law, and a
translation of Lessing’s Laocoon. He married, in 1844, Charlotte Anne, daughter of John
Denison of Ossington Hall, Newark. He was knighted in 1862, and created a baronet in 1881.
He died at Shiplake, near Henley—on—Thames, on the 4th of February 1885. His eldest son, Sir

Walter G. F. Phillimore (b. 1845), also distinguished as an authority on ecclesiastical and
admiralty law, became in 1897 a judge of the high court.


The Marquis Conyngham.
Opinion of Dr. Phillimore and Mr. Godson.
To J. H. Bcnbow, Esq., Lincoln’s Inn

We are of the opinion that the Marquis Conyngham might if he thought fit institute a suit
in the Ecclesiastical Court against his wife for a divorce by reason of her adultery in the
every prospect of success.

Facts have subsequently come to light which confirm the opinion entertained by
Council on this branch of the case in Dec[embe]r 1841 and the transactions connected
with the pawning of the jewels leave no doubt under the circumstances of the guilty
intercourse which has subsisted between the Marchioness of Conyngham and Mr. Jones.

It appears to us however equally clear that a suit for a divorce by reason of
incompatibility of temper could not be sustained in the Ecclesiastical Court inasmuch as
the law as administered in that court does not allow incompatibility of temper to be of
itself a ground of legal separation between man and wife.

So with respect to Alimony no suit for alimony per se can be instituted in the

Ecclesiastical Court — alimony is incident only to a suit instituted for divorce on such
grounds as are allowed by Law.

Looking to recent decisions in the Temporal Court we are of Opinion that the
Marquis of Conyngham having separated himself from his wife on just grounds of
suspicion and having provided her with adequate means of maintenance according to her
fortune and his station of life, may successfully resist the demands about to be made
against him by her creditors, the principle of law being that where the husband has
furnished the wife with everything proper for her maintenance and support, she is not his
agent to pledge his credit and he is not liable for her debts. See Mizen v. Pick & M. Hth.
481; Spreadbury v. Chapman & C & P p. 371; Emmett v. Norton id. 506.

  

Richd Godson

Joseph Phillimore
Doctor’s Commons

11 Nov 1843

Richard Godson, Q.C., M.P. Godson was a prominent barrister in early 19th century England. He came to local prominence after the
Great Strike of 1828. Later in the year eleven carpet weavers were charged with several offences, including assault, riot and
tumultuous assembly. Godson acted as their defence barrister, securing the acquittal of most of the defendants. His success gave him
heroic status amongst the carpet weavers, but he condemned any violent action and called for reconciliation between masters and men.
He was approached to stand as an M.P. for Kidderminster following the elections to the reformed Parliament of 1832 and was elected
as a Radical. Godson’s political opinions moved away from radicalism towards the modernising conservatism of Sir Robert Peel, the

new leader of the Conservative Party, factory owner and M.P. for the Borough of Tamworth in Staffordshire. In January 1835 Godson
lost his seat in the general election.


PHILLIMORE, SIR ROBERT JOSEPH (1810-1885), English judge, third son of a well-known ecclesiastical lawyer, Dr Joseph
Phillimore, was born at Whitehall on the 5th of November 18fO. Educated at Westminster and Christ Church, Oxford, where a
hfelong friendship with W. E. Gladstone began, his first appointment was to a clerkship in the board of control, where he remained
from 1832 to 1835. Admitted as an advocate at Doctors Commons in 1839, he was called to the bar at the Middle Temple in 1841, and
rose very rapidly in his profession. He was engaged as counsel in almost every case of importance that came before the admiralty,
probate or divorce courts, and became successively master of faculties, commissary of the deans and chapters of St Paul’s and
Westminster, official of the archdeaconries of Middlesex and London,and chancellor of the dioceses of Chichcster a11d Salisbury. In
1853 be entered parliament as member for Tavistock. A moderate in politics, his energies were devoted to non—party measures, and in
1854 he introduced the bill for allowing viva voce evidence in the ecclesiastical courts. He sat for Tavistock until 1857, when he
offered himself as a candidate for Coventry, but was defeated. He was appointed judge of the Cinque Ports in 1855, Queen’s Counsel
in 1858, and advocategeneral in admiralty in 1862, and succeeded Dr Stephen Lushington (1782-1873) as judge of the court of arches
five years later. Here his care, patience and courtesy, combined with unusual lucidity of expression, won general respect. In 1875, in
accordance with the Public Worship Regulation Act. he resigned, and was succeeded by Lord Penzance. When the Judicature Act
came into force the powers of the admiralty court were transferred to the High COL111 of Justice, and Sir Robert Phillimore was
therefore the last judge of the historic court of the lord high admiral of England. He continued to sit as judge for the new admiralty,
probate and divorce division until 1883, when he resigned. He wrote Ecclesiastical Law of the Church of England, a book which still
holds its ground, Commentaries on International Law, and a translation of Lessings Laocoon. He married, in 1844, Charlotte Anne,
daughter of John Denison of Ossington Hall, Newark. He was knighted in 1862, and created a baronet in 1881. He died at Shiplake,
near Hcnley—on—Thames, on the 4th of February 1885. His eldest son, Sir Walter G. F. Phillimore (b. 1845), also distinguished as an
authority on ecclesiastical and admiralty law, became in 1897 a judge of the high court.


About 3 weeks or a month ago she went to Mivart’s Hotel in Lower Brook Street
where she now remains ordering her carriage to come up from Richmond every Day to
take her out and contracting with various tradesmen.

A notice has been served on Mivart that his Lordship will not be liable for any
Debt she may contract there and a similar notice has been given to such tradesmen as
have been discovered to have had any dealings with him.

It is now become absolutely necessary that her Ladyship’s conduct should be
checked and that some decisive Course of action should be adopted by his Lordship -
what that shall be his Counsel must advise §~ some of his friends have suggested that he
should apply for a Divorce on the grounds of incompatibility of Temper and other
Circumstances which show the impossibility of living with her and leave the Alimony or
separate maintenance payment to be decided by the Ecclesiastical Court. Others have
advised him to resist the payment of the debts contracted by her on the Ground that she
has a proper Establishment, at his cost, and an allowance quite sufficient for her personal
expenses —— but this it is supposed would not be a good Defence to an Action at Law
even if Notice were given to every Creditor that he would not be responsible.

His Lordship’s situation is evidently one of great difficulty and embarrassment -
but it is now become absolutely necessary for the sake of himself and his Family that
every effort should be made to educate him from it.

Questions on this Case cannot be very well prepared and submitted to Counsel.
His Lordship’s position is stated and the advice he seeks for is —— what are the best
measures for him to produce under all its distressing circumstances? Dr. Phillimore will

please to consider every point that may be made in his Lordship’s favour and advise him
particularly upon it.


National Library of Ireland MS 35428 (2)
Case for the opinion of Dr. Phillimore
Consultant 31 Oct[ober] 1843. Two Guineas
Prepared by J. H. Benbow.

[Inscribed inside the first fold] Dr. Phillimore is requested not to write upon this until
Mr. Benbow has seen him.

After the accompanying case was submitted to Dr. Phillimore many circumstances
occurred which left me no doubt in the minds of those who were cognizant of them that a
criminal intercourse between Lady C[onyngham] and Jones had been carried on but for
the sake of the Family it was judged prudent not to institute any proceedings either in the
Ecclesiastical Court or at Law and Lady C[onyngham] was left to continue her residence
at Richmond with a suitable establishment the expenses of which amounting to about
£2500 a year has been regularly paid by his Lordship who has also allowed her £25 a
month (or £300 a year) for Cloaths [sic] and Pocket money.

In 1842 all the children were removed from Richmond and have since remained
under the exclusive care of his Lordship who has continued to live apart from Lady
C[onyngham] and to decline any correspondence with her.

The evidence of her temper and her very irregular mode of living in Richmond
having produced constant complaints from the domestics, his Lordship became very
desirous that a regular separation should take place and accordingly the friends of each
were consulted and afterwards agreed upon all the terms —— Lord Brougham on behalf of
her and her father Lord Anglesey, entirely approved of them. I undertook to carry them
into effect. A Deed was prepared and approved of by all parties but upon Lord

Brougham’s sending it to her Ladyship for execution she then and has ever since
positively refused to sign it.

About the month of July 1842 his Lordship was informed that his own and her
Ladyship’s jewels had been pledged for a sum of about £2500 by Jones — I upon further
enquiry found to be perfectly true — upon which his Lordship directed that the usual
Proceedings in such cases should be taken before a Magistrate.

The Pawnbroker upon the first hearing related such facts and circumstances as
rendered the examination of Jones himself necessary. This took place on the 8th
Nov[ember] and the shorthand writer’s copy of what then passed is left herewith.

His Lordship was advised not to carry the investigation any further. I redeemed

the jewels by the payment of £2500 and took them into my own possession where they
now remain.


1 Portrait of Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough Page 1 of 1

stature library éwizfcfifiiuétitfitt I sitter .e1».~Z I szsrlziat .182 I arjararizzeai f§€~£:3i:i”iiTi”1 I .se=ar:;h. help

   » Sitter (3: Artist (1 Portrait C:    .  . . 

 

1 Portrait of Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough
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NPG 5838

Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesborough
by William Joseph Taylor

Medium: bronze medal

Measurements: 1 1/2 in. (38 mm)

Date: 1843

Primary Collection

Not on display

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Usinci this imade on vour website
Gettind a print of this imaqe

Licencind this image

Sitter

Albert Denison, 1st Baron Londesboroudh (1805-1860), Politician and
archaeologist. Sitter in 1 portrait.

Artist

William Joseph Tavlor (1802-1885). Artist associated with 3 portraits.

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.rticIe 16

The Times, Tuesday, Apr 27, 1943' . 7- I
49530; col G ’ pg ’ Ssue

Fm THE TIMES of 1343

 

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day . .. the fmarquis 
chair. The scéimy was founded fur the
pnblicafinn of ]3ro:luC£ians_ existing oxaiy in
manuscript anfl the reprinting of such rare
-wcrizs as Shfiiflfi iikzstrate the pmgress 9? cut‘
eariy drama. and thraoy: ‘:3’ Eat on 112: origin am}
fsofmatian of the plays :1 Shakespeare and cf
the schnal sf which he was the great omav
meat. . . . The ‘thanks of the mesfing

w.=::~r: accorded _t'n Mr. J. Payne Callycr, 

dirctztar, far his valuabie sewices. Mr. (I. P.
Cqnper, Qm:r:n‘s Ccuns-2}. the Rev. Launtelot

"Sharpe, Mr. E. Ca:*neg,~ Major Shadwfli

Clarke. and Mr. Sharks’ “Dickens {were}
appcainted cmmcii far 1112: crssumg year.

4

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irais»: yen: all-pawerfui wine with a view 10

pa: dawn 3 311351 inzo«l;mb1§:pub1ic_ nuisancafi’
3 aliude to the practice cf smukmg_naw 1::

‘general us: by apprentices, shopbnys, and

Gihcrs on b-aaré the mzmcrous stcam«-heats
that ply aspen thc: river. . ,  Haw: net -the
:a.p_1ainsT_ pawcr to put (frown this nuisance,
ané would 5: -not be to their intaems: to do 5:: 2

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fonxncte: agreeing with the view cxpressadv in
it and ‘sa"31ng that. “ at every piaca to which
me pubiic resnrt to 9&1-ain'fr4*_:s.h air acme: shop-
boy is found {ma gentleman ;exeer is} ta; paliuta

the at-mnspherc around him with his cheap ’

cimr."
Cans. 96% to a}.

 

Full Text: Copyright 1943, The Times

Article CSll9225499

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HIE 5""§fi'fl§§§ R‘£'t§"fi,L ’§:’~,F"‘E Eéilkififi?

Queen Victoria

Journal extracts during her reign: from her accession in
1832 to her Diamond Jubilee in 1897

Queen Victoria maintained a detailed diary, her famous
Journal, which is contained in 11] large manuscript
volumes. These volumes constitute about a third of the
original, as her diaries were edited after her death by her
youngest daughter Princess Beatrice, at Queen Victoria’s
request. The extracts below cover some of the more
momentous events of Queen Victoria’s reign.

Accession _l__§%_3_j
Qgrorizttitin {$33,
Great Exhif’ .l8Sl

 

 

 

_C.1'imean ‘}__1ij,,.,,l,§‘_5_.§
Letter to l-'3'lorence Ni“‘i}liE}2‘21i6. l856
Print'e Alhert"s death. l8{3l
Golden Jubilee. i887
tond Iuhilee,

   

Portrait of Queen Victoria in her Garter
robes. by Franz Xavier Winterhalter
© Royal Collection

On William IV’s death, and her accession aged 18 years:
Tuesday, 20 June 1837 at Kensington Palace

I was awoke at 6 o’clock by Mamma, who told me that the
Archbishop of Canterbury and Lord Conyngham were here, and
wished to see me. I got out of bed and went into my sitting-room
(only in my dressing-gown), and alone, and saw them. Lord
Conyngham (the Lord Chamberlain) then acquainted me that my
poor Uncle, the King, was no more, and had expired at 12
minutes past 2 this morning, and consequently that I am Queen.
Lord Conyngham knelt down and kissed my hand, at the same
time delivering to me the official announcement of the poor
King’s demise. The Archbishop then told me that the Queen was
desirous that he should come and tell me the details of the last
moments of my poor, good Uncle; he said that he had directed
his mind to religion, and had died in a perfectly happy, quiet
state of mind, and was quite prepared for his death. He added
that the King’s sufferings at the last were not very great but that
there was a good deal of uneasiness. Lord Conyngham, whom I

 

Sketch of Queen Victoria when

Princess 1833’ after Sir George charged to express my feelings of condolence and sorrow to the
Haym poor Queen, retumed directly to Windsor. I then went to my
© Royal Collection room and dressed.

 

Since it has pleased Providence to place me in this station, I
shall do my utmost to fulfil my duty towards my country; I am
very young and perhaps in many, though not in all things,
inexperienced, but I am sure, that very few have more real good
will and more real desire to do what is fit and right than I have

At 9 came Lord Melbourne, whom I saw in my room. and of
COURSE quite ALONE as I shall always do all my Ministers.
He kissed my hand and I then acquainted him that it had long
been my intention to retain him and the rest of the present
Ministry at the head of affairs, and that it could not be in better
hands than his  He then read to me the Declaration which I

1 of 2 2/28/00 2:20 AM


The British Monarchy

http ://www.roya1.gov.uk/history/journal.htm

was to read to the Council, which he wrote himself and which is
a very fine one. I then talked with him some little longer time
after which he left me  I like him very much and feel
confidence in him. He is a very straightforward, honest, clever
and good man. I then wrote a letter to the Queen 

At about half past 11 I went downstairs and held a Council in
the red saloon. I went in of course quite alone, and remained
seated the whole time. My two Uncles, the Dukes of
Cumberland (who now succeeded William IV as King of
Hanover) and Sussex, and Lord Melbourne conducted me. The
declaration, the various forms, the swearing in of the Privy
Councillors of which there were a great number present, and the
reception of some of the Lords of Council, previous to the
Council in an adjacent room (likewise alone) I subjoin here. I
was not at all nervous and had the satisfaction of hearing that
people were satisfied with what I had done and how I had done
it.

Receiving after this, Audiences of Lord Melbourne, Lord John
Russell, Lord Albemarle (Master of the Horse), and the
Archbishop of Canterbury, all in my room and alone. Saw
Stockmar (friend and counsellor to Queen Victoria and Prince
Albert). Saw Clark, whom I named my Physician  Saw Ernest
Hohenlohe who brought me a kind and very feeling letter from
the poor Queen. I feel very much for her, and really feel that the
poor good King was always so kind personally to me, that I
should be ungrateful were I not to recollect it and feel grieved at
his death. The poor Queen is wonderfully composed now, I hear.

Wrote my journal. Took my dinner upstairs alone. Went
downstairs. Saw Stockrnar. At about 20 minutes to 9 came Lord
Melbourne and remained till near 10. I had a very important and
very comfortable conversation with him  Went down and said
good-night to Mamma etc.

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2/28/00 2:20 AM


Victoria Becomes Queen, 1837 wysiwyg://34/http://www.ibiscom.com/vic.htm '

Search Error

 

Victoria Becomes Queen, 1837

She became England’s longest reigning monarch, her offspring governed Europe,
she gave her name to an era, but she was only a teenager when she ascended the
throne of the world’s mightiest empire.

The British monarchy had suffered bad times,
discredited by the madness of George III
(1760-1820), the excesses of George IV
(1820-1830), and the unimpressive reign of
William IV (1830-37). Victoria was William’s
niece and had been designated the heir to the
childless king from her birth. On Tuesday June
20, 1837 the king died of pneumonia.

Awakened at dawn

Victoria lived with her mother in Keiiriirigstori
Palace, Loricloii (the same palace Lady Di lived in
before her death ). It was there that the
eigliteeii—year—old was told of her Uncle '5 death.

  

’§.9‘is:’ts3r.'ia with  1€s;iwai'ci i.‘/{lie future
Victoria refers often in her diary to seeirig‘ her Efmg  gm é'¢fl3%“.t8I
. fit V ,, I J,, _ ,, .t 10 J,, Th. 1 V.   :,Iu;i:.i1’e mitsiher at  V

1./l.Sl‘0I’S- a om oi qiii e a .}’l(, .‘ is 15‘ ( I §€r;1}'i'fi1e3‘,i,aE;: {,f{3g,,.,§§w;,
indication of the teeriager establishirig her

ina’epenclerice with her asceiidancy to the throne. Victoria ’s mother (the Diicliess of
Kent) hail raised Victoria in a cloisterecl and highly controlled em/ironment (the
two in fact shared the same bedroorn). The mother hail hoped to extend her corit'rol
once her child hecariie Qiieeii and had lobbied iiiisiicces.s;fiilly to be named Regent.
Vicioria’s poiiitecl references to seeing her visitors "alone" reveal that the young
girl will be charting her own coiirse as queen. We can only imagirie her mother’:;
chagrin when Victoria tells her that her presence will not he reqiiirecl diiriiig her
't»'arioiz.s meetings that clay. Victoria recorded the (lay in her cliary:

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References:

Benson, Arthur Christopher and Viscount Eshers, ed. The Letters of Queen
Victoria 1837-1861 (1907); Erickson, Carolly, Her Little Majesty: The Life of
Queen Victoria (1997)

Resources on the Web:
Victoria — The Life  Times of Queen Victoria
The Victorian Web - everything: Von ever wanted. to know ahout the Vict.orians

Back to the top

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ELVASTON IN
 DERBYSHIRE HAS A

; FASCINATING HISTORY,

3 TAKING US BACK TO THE
INTH CENTURY WHEN
THREE DANES CALLED

, AELVOLD, EMBOLD AND

TORULF SETT LED IN

PLEASANT COUNTRY NEAR THE RIVER
DERWENT. THEIR HAMLETS BECAME KNOWN AS
AELVVOLDESTUNE, EMBOLDESTUNE AND
TORULFSTUNE, NAMES WE RECOGNISE TODAY
IN THE VILLAGES OF ELVASTON, AMBASTON
AND THULSTON. IN 1066 AN ANGLO SAXON
CALLED TOCHI OWNED EXTENSIVE LANDS IN
THESE THREE HAMLETS. BY 1086 WHEN KING
WILLIAM ORDERED THE DOMESDAY SURVEY,
T OCHI'S WIDE LANDS HAD BECOME THE
POSSESSION OF SIR GEOFFREY ALSELIN, ONE OF
FIFTEEN GREAT BARONS WHO HELD LAND IN
DERBYSHIRE ON BEHALF OF THE NG

 
     

The Alselins were lords of ,;
the manor for many years.
They were followed by the
Bardolphs and, finally, by the
Blounts, who were granted
Elvaston by Henry VI during
the fifteenth century.

The Stanhopes first came to

Elvaston in the mid sixteenth
century when Henry VIII 7
granted to Michael Stanhope

the lordship of the manors of Shelford in
Nouinghamshire and Elvaston in Derbyshire. Knighted
soon after Edward VI's accession to the throne, Sir
Michael was the first of the Stanhopes to make his home
at Elvaston and may be regarded as the founder of this
notable family. They became powerful landowners, with
well over four thousand acres, and between the various
family branches owned a number of very fine houses. By
the mid eighteenth century they also enjoyed the rare
achievement of holding three earldoms within one family.

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Sir Michael's grandson, John Stanhope of Shelford and
Elvaston, was knighted in 1603. He died in 1610 and his
elaborate canopied tomb may still be seen at Elvaston,
the oldest Stanhope monument remaining in the church.

 

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He married twice and by his
first wife had one son, Philip. The
eldest son of his second marriage
was John, and it was between these
two half-brothers that the great
Stanhope estates were divided after
Sir John's death. Philip acquired
Shelford and Bretby, while John
retained Elvaston. Philip Stanhope
made his home at Bretby Park. He
supported the royalist cause in the
civil war, raising a regiment of
dragoons for Charles I, and was rewarded with the
earldom of Chesterfield. His most notable descendant
was the 4th Earl of Chesterfield; a prominent statesman,
well-known in the leading literary circles of his day.

Alexander Stanhope, son of the 1st Earl of
Chesterf1eld's second marriage, founded another
important family branch. His son, James, rose to be
Secretary of State and Chancellor of the Exchequer. He
was created Earl of Stanhope and later bought the
magnificent house and estate of Chevening in Kent.

Charles, 3rd Earl Stanhope, is noted for his
invention of the Stanhope printing press which was the
first to be made of iron and in time replaced the old
wooden presses.

The 3rd Earl's daughter, Lady Hester, was perhaps
the most eccentric of all the Stanhopes. She was private
secretary to her uncle, William Pitt, but after his death
embarked on a journey to Syria where she 'assumed the
dress of a native of that country and devoted herself to
astrology in which she was an implicit believer’. An
intrepid horse-woman, well able to wield a sword, and
afraid of nobody, Lady Hester steadfastly refused to
return to England, and in 1839 ‘breathed her last among
foreigners and hirelings'.

The Stanhopes maintained
their loyalty to the crown
throughout the civil war.
Bretby Park was attacked by
Sir John Gell, who also led his

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1 troops of Roundheads against
A Elvaston. They ransacked the
2f manor house in search of arms,
 destroyed Lady Stanhope's
V  favourite flower garden, and
' ., i then stormed the church. There
they defaced the monuments,
g damaging the newly erected
‘ omb of Sir John Stanhope,

, efore entering the family Vault
where they thrust their swords
nto the coffins. Sir John's tomb

was restored over a century
later but still bears marks of the
original damage, while on the-
outside walls of the church the pit marks left by volleys of
musket balls are clearly Visible.

It was SirJohn's son, William, whose distinguished
career brought a third earldom to the Stanhope family.
Born in about 1690, by 1715 he was colonel of a dragoon
regiment and had also entered parliament as the Whig
member for Derby. William Stanhope held of fice as
Secretary of State but was evidently more gifted as a
diplomat than a politician. He was resident in Madrid
both before and after the Spanish war, and this quiet and
highly respected man was described by Philip V of Spain
as ’the only minister who had never deceived him ’.

In 1742 William Stanhope was created Earl of
Harrington and Viscount Petersham. The secondary title
is always used by the heir to the earldom.

William Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Harrington, like his
father was both soldier and politician. He distinguished
himself at the battle of Fontenoy, and in later years
enjoyed a series of promotions, attaining the rank of
general in 1770. He was something of an eccentric and
because of the way he walked was nicknamed ‘Peter
Shambles’.

 

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His wife, Caroline
Fitzroy, was one of the great
beauties of her day. She was
also noted for her spirited,
and occasionally wild,
behaviour. A contemporary
writer recorded that at the

: coronation of George III
Lady Harrington appeared
’covered in all the diamonds

: she could barrow, hire, or
 sieze'.

Charles Stanhope, the
3rd Earl, was quite a
character and a very popular
man. He travelled widely in an army career which took
him to Quebec during the American War of
Independence, and then to Jamaica. Diplomatic missions
found him in Vienna and Berlin, and he was once offered
the post of British resident at the Russian court. He
declined as, owing to the low rank of the Tzarina's
representative at St. J ames's, he could not hold the full
title of ambassador!

By 1792 he was colonel of
the 1st Life Guards and at this
time introduced a new style of
sword which was adopted by
the British army. 
Subsequently, the Earl divided
his time between Elvaston,
where he was planning the
design and rebuilding of the castle, and Harrington
House, his grand Kensington home. The Stanhopes
owned a large part of Kensington, and there are
reminders of the family to the present day in London
street names such as Stanhope Gardens, Petersham
Mews and Elvaston Place. Another family property was
Gawsworth Hall in Cheshire, a half-timbered manor
house dating from 1480, which in the early eighteenth
century was the object of a duel between Lord Mohun
and the Duke of Hamilton. The duel was fought in Hyde
Park and both men died as a result. Some years later the

 

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Gawsworth estate, at one time amounting to some 50,000
acres, came into the possession of William Stanhope,
later 1st Earl of Harrington.

The 3rd Earl's fondness for tea was legendary and
tea drinking parties at Harrington House ranked high in
social circles, particularly as George III and Queen
Charlotte were frequent visitors. Jane, Countess of
Harrington, was Lady of the Bedchamber and a great
favourite with the queen.

The Earl's retiring appointment was as Constable
and Governor of Windsor Castle. He died in 1829, the
oldest general in the British army, and his memorial by
the great Venetian sculptor, Canova, is the real treasure
of Elvaston church.

 

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Viscount Petersham, the
3rd Earl's eldest son, was
almost fifty when he ~
‘ succeeded to the title and had ,
‘ long since earned himself a
reputation as a Regency buck.‘
 Never seen in public before
6.00 p.m. ‘Beau’ Petersham
was a trendsetter. He
attracted the attention and
friendship of the Prince
Regent who emulated his clothes, his tea drinking and his
addiction to snuff. Lord Petersham's sitting room
contained canisters of tea in great variety md an equally
wide range of snuff. He owned 365 snuff boxes and used a
different one on each day of the year.

 

Tall and handsome, Lord Petersham was said to
resemble Henry IV; a flattery he emphasized by growing
a small pointed beard. He designed many of his own
clothes and his fashions, however odd, were quickly
copied. He gave his name to the Petersham overcoat, of
which the Prince Regent ordered one for each day of the
week, and to the Harrington hat.

Rumour had it that Lord Petersham fell in love
with a lady by the name of Brown and from that time
brown was to be the colour of his clothes, his carriage, his
horses and his servants‘ livery. When he finally married
in 1831, it was to Maria Foote, a Covent Garden actress
seventeen years his junior. Their affair had met with the
old Earl's great disapproval and had over several years
been the gossip of London and Derbyshire.

‘Beau’ Petersham's youngest brother, Fitzroy, was a
completely different character. A keen sportsman and
talented engineer, he designed the Stanhope gig, a small
two-seater vehicle drawn by one horse, which, by the
1830s, was very popular and used widely in London for
journeys between the suburbs and the city. He followed
this with a successful design for a larger carriage which
became known as the Stanhope phaeton.

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Leicester Stanhope, who succeeded his brother as
5th Earl, followed the now familiar pattern of army and
political life. In 1823 he went to Missolonghi in Greece
where he built a printing press, set up a newspaper, and
opened a school. Lord Byron joined him but their
political views differed greatly and they did not get on
well. However, after Byron's death it was Leicester

Stanhope who brought the poet's body and all his papers‘
back to England.

The 5th Earl died in 1862 and was succeeded by his
son, Seymour, a boy of sixteen who survived his father by
only four years. The title then passed to his cousin,
Charles, a man in his late fifties. This 7th Earl of
Harrington, Fitzroy Stanhope's son, had inherited some
of his father's creative talent and was addicted to playing
and making violins.

The Stanhope talent for invention featured again in
the next generation. Charles Stanhope, the 8th Earl, was
an amateur engineer and designed, among other things, a
steam-powered lawn-mower. He was a cavalry offficer
and in his younger days was 'rarely out of the saddle
except when nursing broken bones ’. The 8th Earl died
tragically, as the result of burns received in an explosion
in his own workshop.

The 9th Earl, Dudley Stanhope, was a patriarchal
figure with a bushy white beard, affectionately known to
younger members of the family as ‘Old Whiskers'. A
talented wood carver, his work may be seen in Elvaston
church in the restored portions of the chancel screen and
the cross which surmounts it. He shared his father's love
of horses and left instructions in his will that his hounds
were to hunt on the first suitable day after he was buried.
His huntsman obeyed his wishes and on the day after the
funeral the hounds set off in full cry across Elvaston
Park. They raced past the golden gates and on into the
churchyard where, to the amazement of the small field of
followers, they were found to have checked at Lord
Harrington's grave. This popular man, once described as
’the best loved man in the Midlands’, was succeeded by his
grandson, Charles. He was 10th Earl for only two years,
dying in 1929 as the result of a fall from his horse. His
son, William, is the present 11th Earl of Harrington.

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‘J

Elvaston Castle, as we see it
today, dates from the early
nineteenth century and the time
A of the Gothic revival. It was
Charles, 3rd Earl of Harrington,
who ordered the rebuilding to
replace the old brick-built, gabled
manor house that had been home
to the Stanhope family for some
two hundred years. A small part
of that building remains at the
right hand end of the south front,
where a red brick section with
mullioned windows bears the date
 ‘ 1633. That would have been
during the lifetime of SirJohn Stanhope who lived at
Elvaston in the years leading up to the civil war, and it is
thought that he may have replaced an earlier, perhaps
Tudor, manor house. Some of the rooms behind those
mullioned windows are in keeping with the date; one is
the old library, completely panelled in oak.

 

The 3rd Earl was sixty when he turned his attention
to rebuilding Elvaston, by which time he was established
and influential enough to commission the leading
architects of the day. He chose James Wyatt who began
his designs for Elvaston in 1812.

James Wyatt was a Staffordshire man who at the
early age of fifteen was taken to Italy by Lord Bagot to
become a pupil of Antonio Visentini in Venice. He
quickly acquired great skills as an architectural
draughtsman and two years later moved on to work in
Rome. After his return to England he designed the
Pantheon in Oxford Street, acclaimed by Horace Walpole
as ’the most beautiful edifice in England’. That was in
1772 when Wyatt was twenty-six.

Following this success James Wyatt was appointed
Surveyor General to the Crown where his work included
alterations to several of the royal palaces and the
building of a castle for George III, at Kew. He also
received many private commissions and during his

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career worked on over a hundred country houses in
England, Ireland and Wales.

Wyatt's great love was Gothic architecture and it
was this style which brought him fame. His greatest
masterpiece is probably Belvoir Castle, remodelled for
the Duke of Rutland in the early years of the nineteenth
century. His skills as a Gothicist were sought also for
restoration work in colleges, churches, : and cathedrals,
among them Lichfield and Salisbury.

Elvaston Castle was one of James Wyatt's last
commissions and he did not live to see his designs carried
out. He was killed in a coaching accident in September
1813 and another two years were to pass before Lord
Harrington appointed Robert Walker to continue the
work. He was a much younger man than Wyatt, a pupil
of Thomas Leverton's, who had entered the Royal
Academy Schools in 1792. Walker never achieved fame
but from 1815-1819 he supervised the rebuilding of
Elvaston Castle to James Wyatt's design.

The new castle Witt its battlements and turrets was linked
to a large courtyard, complete~ with a water tower of the
same Gothic design. On the south side of this new
courtyard was the hound enclosure and two gatehouses,
one either side of a Gothic archway. On the west side,
another archway under a clock tower led through to the
pump yard, with its deep coach wash, coach house and
harness rooms, beyond which lay a fine new stable block.

 

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Vi

 

Nearby, on the south-west,
Elvaston Church, with its much
earlier, embattled tower,
complemented the scene.

The 3rd Earl would have liked a
‘ new landscaped garden to complete
his plans and with this in mind he

A approached Capability Brown. He
turned down the commission
explaining that, ‘the place is so flat
and there is such a want of capability
in it‘. However, he did present a
disappointed Lord Harrington with
six seedling Cedars of Lebanon which were planted to the
east of the castle and grew into magnificent trees.

 

After Lord Harrington's death in 1829 it was leh to
his son, Charles, to finish the work at Elvaston. The 4th
Earl, like his father, favoured the Gothic style but in his
case it was an obsession and for the next twenty years he
watched over the creation of a garden that became the
talk of England.

Lord Harrington, the 'Beau' Petersham of earlier
days, began by appointing a new architect to rebuild the
east wing of Elvaston Castle and refurbish parts of the
interior. He commissioned Lewis Cottingham who, like
Wyatt, was a devotee of the Gothic style and much in
demand.

Lewis Cottingham was
born in Suffolk in 1787 and
apprenticed to an Ipswich
builder before moving to
London, where his
architectural career began in
1814. He designed his own
house in Lambeth and
included a museum which
over the years he filled with

 

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collections of medieval woodwork, Gothic carvings, and
plaster-casts showing many different architectural styles.

After his death these collections formed the nucleus
of the Royal Architectural Museum.

Among Cottingham's major designs were Snelston
Hall in Derbyshire and the new Armagh Cathedral. His
restoration work was to be found in colleges and
churches all over the country but particularly in the
cathedrals of Rochester and Hereford.

The east front of Elvaston Castle was completed in
1840. It overlooks the long tree-lined Elvaston Avenue
and with its symmetrical nine-bay facade is most
impressive. The centre is decorated with a number of
coats of arms. At the top are the arms of the Earls of
Harrington. Below them are those of Leinster, Bedford,
Newcastle, Somerset and Grafton; five ducal families to
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1%

 

ALL FOR LOVE

THE

GOTHIC DREAM

fl The love affair of
; 'Beau' Petersham
. and Maria Foote
that was to bring
such changes to
Elvaston began in
the 1820s. The
couple were the
talk of fashionable
London and the
scandal of Lord
Harrington's heir
living with an
actress delighted
the society gossips. But there was no talk of marriage
until after the 3rd Earl's death in 1829.

 

Maria Foote's first stage appearance, as Juliet in
1810, was followed four years later by her debut at
Covent Garden. She was sixteen years old. It was the
start of a glittering career that owed far more to the
beauty and charm of the courtesan than to Maria's
talents on stage.

At seventeen she became
the mistress of Colonel
Berkeley, the future Earl
Fitzhardinge, by whom she
had two children, but who had
no intention of marrying her.
Her next conquest was another
Regency dandy known t o
society as ‘Pea Green‘ Haynes,
a nickname acquired from the colour of his coats. He
promised to marry her but then changed his mind. Miss
Foote sued for breach of promise and was awarded a
gratifying three thousand pounds. It was aher this that

 

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she captivated Lord Petersham.

After their marriage in 1831 the 4th Earl of
Harrington and his Countess took up residence at
Elvaston Castle. This was no coincidence but the result of
social pressure. London society may have welcomed
Maria as Lord Harrington's mistress; as Countess of
Harrington they certainly did not.

The lovers were by all accounts totally absorbed in
each other. The Earl would not allow Maria outside the
grounds and neither would he allow anyone in. Apart,
that is, from the army of workmen and gardeners
employed to transform Elvaston into a world of Gothic
fantasy; a shrine to their undying passion.

 

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Lewis
Cottingham was
commissioned to
redecorate
Wyatt's original

3 entrance hall
which was
renamed the Hall
of the Fair Star.
This Gothic
extravaganza
stood as a symbol
of the chivalrous
pursuit of love. Numerous pillars covered with lances led
the eye up to the elaborate vaulted ceiling. More lances
and swords covered the walls while niches around the
room displayed whole suits of armour. Gold, black and
scarlet, in fact all the colours of heraldry, were there in
an abundance of arms and symbols. Mottoes appeared on
every available surface; Faithful to Honour and Love;
Gallantry, Courtesy and Love; Fayre beyond the Fayrest.

Outside work progressed on a larger scale. The task
turned down by Capability Brown was accepted by
William Barron, a young Scot, who had trained at the
Botanical Gardens in Edinburgh. Under his direction
long avenues of trees were planted, and a large lake
excavated, while a series of theme gardens began to take
shape to the south of the castle. There was an Italian
garden based on authentic designs from Tuscany, and the
Alhambra garden with its Moorish temple. This was one
of the Earl's favourite haunts and inside was a statue of
the couple, depicting an adoring Charles kneeling at
Maria's feet.

The most famous of the individual gardens was
Mon Plaisir, the bower garden. Based on a seventeenth
century design, this riot of topiary and statues became
known as the Garden of the Fair Star. In the centre a
monkey puzzle tree stood in a star shaped bed
surrounded by yews clipped to form bowers for statues.
A dark curving tunnel of arbor vitae enclosed the central
part of the garden giving it a maze—like quality. Peacocks
strutted on the gravel amid numerous green and yellow

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yew trees clipped to a variety of exotic shapes.

The Earl and Countess were impatient to see this
dream become reality and so established shrubs and
trees, yews, cedars, conifers and monkey puzzles, were
transported to Elvaston and planted for immediate effect.
This was made possible only by William Barron's unique
skill at transplanting mature specimens, many of which
were brought over long distances. It is said that trees
carried through the streets of Derby on their way to
Elvaston shattered more that a few windows!

The Countess was in her element in this make-
believe world of chivalry but perhaps there were times
when she longed for the company and acclaim of Covent
Garden. Always the actress, she could still play to the
gallery and would occasionally scatter the servants as she
rode her horse straight through the kitchens.

For twenty years Lord and Lady Harrington lived
here in their private world while around them matured
the gardens that were to make Elvaston famous.

 

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William Barron was born in Berwickshire in 1805. He
was a gifted.boy who excelled at school and father a Scot
from Aberdeen, gave his son every encouragement. At
thirteen William took first prize in mathematics in a class
of ninety-four and as a reward his father allowed him to
learn Latin! It turned out that he had a gift for languages
and it later years mastered French and Greek and also
enough Hebrew to enable him to read his Bible in the
original text.

No doubt he could have entered a variety of careers
but at an early age William Barron became interested in
gardening and this was soon his main study and ambition.
At eighteen, after his apprenticeship at the Blaekadder
estate in Berwickshire, he went to the Botanical Gardens
in Edinburgh. There he gained wide practical knowledge
and was able to continue his studies, attending lectures in
botany, chemistry, natural philosophy and mechanics. At
twenty-two he left Scotland and for three years worked
for the Duke of N orthumberland at Syon House.

William Barron came to Elvaston in August 1830,
employed by the 4th Earl of Harrington to make him a
garden ‘second to none’. Soon after his arrival in
Derbyshire he viewed the task with misgiving. The land
was flat and water-logged and apart from two avenues of
trees planted by the 3rd Earl, at the suggestion of
Capability Brown, had never been landscaped. There was
an enclosed kitchen garden of two acres but no hothouses,
and the Harrington's head gardener,- retired after forty
years, warned Barron that the high water levels
prevented anything flourishing before June. He pointed
out a large open drain crossing the grounds which, in his
opinion, could not be lowered.

Later William Barron was to record the experience:
'1 had made up my mind that after proving his statement to
be correct, I should relinquish my charge, but on going
over the whole with my spirit level, I found, that
commencing at mile from the garden, I could lower the
stream four feet seven inches, this I did at once, and cut

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drains in the Kitchen Garden six feet deep, and for days the
water ran through the pipes into the brook with a black and
fetid smell. Thus the foundation was laid for successful
operations all over the grounds.’

While this drainage was in progress there was time
to plan how best to carry out the 4th Earl's wishes.
Barron got on well with Lord Harrington whom he
described as 'a nobleman, every inch of him. He never
treated me like a servant, but more as a brother. Together
the two men discussed and planned each stage of the
garden. It was a partnership which lasted until the Earl's
death twenty years later, but in those early years it gave
William Barron the chance to fulfil a long held ambition.

'From the commencement of my professional studies,
I have been passionately fond of evergreens, and cherished
the scheme of planting them largely, whenever an

opportunity should be presented which would enable me to
do so. ’

And so William Barron began to design a winter
garden, planting avenues of pines and conifers which
would soon form shelter for more tender specimens and
in time would grow to great height and splendour. At first
the Earl thought of evergreens in terms of the familiar
laurels, common yews and holly, but before long he found
Barron's enthusiasm infectious and work gathered pace.

Unlike many of the nobility Lord Harrington was
not a member of the Horticultural Society and found he
was unable to buy at source and had to rely on stocks
from public nurseries. This was unsatistfactory and so
Barron began a programme of propagati, putting to use
the many skills he had learned at Edinburgh and
elsewhere. A tree nursery was established with the result
that as each new area was designed it could be cultivated
and planted immediately. Lord Harrington was always
impatient to see his ideas take shape and with each new
project was, according to Barron, ’like a child with a new
toy’. Work went on unceasingly as barron supervised his
staff of over eighty gardeners.

Once the initia clearing and planting of the avenues
had been achieved Barron began work on a sixteen acre
Pinetum, collecting and planting every available species.
In time Elvaston became a showcase with rare and 0

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interesting trees that were to be found nowhere else in
Britain. As the trees matured Lord Harrington began to
see his winter garden taking shape with its year round
variety of greens and yellows, grey, gold and silver.

The tree moving operations for which Barron was
to become so famous began soon after his arrival at
Elvaston. In November 1830 the Earl pointed out three
cedars of Lebanon ranging from twenty-eight to thirty-
five feet in height and asked if they could be moved
according to the methods given in Sir Henry Stewart's
book on the subject. This method was achieved by
digging a deep trench around the tree which was then
filled with good rich soil. A new root system was allowed
to grow in this soil and then two years later the tree was
lifted and moved to its new site. Barron began the
operation but not before explaining to Lord Harrington
that Sir Henry Stewart moved deciduous trees during
their dormant period and carried them horizaontally. To
transfer a large cedar tree and keep it upright so as not
to dama the branches was a very different matter.

 

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In this project, too, the
 Earl's impatience took over

V and to Barron's amazement he
asked for the trees to be moved
to their new positions in
February 1831, less than three
months after the trenches were
dug. Much later, in his book
The British Winter Garden,
Barron was to recall those
early days at Elvaston.

 

'In pointing out to my
noble employer the utter impossibility of accomplishing his
object . . . and witnessing his disappointment . . . I told him
that if he would risk his trees, and would support me in
forming a system that would answer, I would risk my
character, which was all that I could afford . . . and would
attempt their removal in February . . . The thought
occurred to me that if it were possible to remove a tree with
a large mass of earth, something similar to that containing
the roots, after Sir Henry Stewart's preparation, I should
be stealing a march upon him, and be as forward at once
as he would be in two years. I then set about conquering
the mechanical difficulty . . .’

In this task Barron
succeeded, boring tunnels
under the trunk and
inserting heavy wooden
beams which supported the
tree when it was levered up
and hauled to its new site.
To Lord Harrington's
delight the three cedar trees
were successfully
transplanted in February
1831. They were the first of
many. In November another
cedar forty-three feet tall
with branches forty-eight feet in diameter was moved
from the front of the castle to the bottom of the Garden
of the Fair Star. From then on Barron scoured the
countryside for fine specimens, some of them yews

 

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hundreds of years old, which were brought distances of
up to twenty miles to grace the gardens at Elvaston.

By the late 1840s Elvaston was transformed. The
theme gardens to the south of the castle were well
established, while to the north-east lay a large
ornamental lake landscaped with islands and rockwork.
Behind the eleven miles of yew and holly hedges Elvaston
Castle remained a secluded and unknown place. To the
end of his life the 4th Earl of Harrington refused to allow
visitors to share his exotic world. 'If the Queen comes,
Barron ' he once said, 'show her round, but admit no one
else.’

 

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XV

The death of the 4th Earl of Harrington in 1851 was
indeed the end of an era for Elvaston and with it came an
opportunity long awaited. The 5th Earl, Leicester
Stanhope, opened Elvaston to the public at an entrance
fee of 3s. a head. It was a high charge for those days but
such was the reputation the gardens had acquired that it
made no difference; people flocked to Elvaston in their
thousands.

 

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XVI"

  

Lord
Harrington was
not a wealthy
man. Change was
inevitable and the
days when

P Elvaston
employed up to
ninety gardeners
were over.
Barron's staff was
reduced to eleven
and it would take
them all their time
to trim the hedges and maintain the formal gardens.

But Lord Harrington was a fair man. He continued
to pay Barron's salary and told him, 'your talent cannot
be buried here, your time will be your own, you must go out
as a landscape gardener, and I will do all I can to further
your interests '. They drew up an agreement and Barron
took over the Elvaston tree nursery where he continued
to propagate many varieties of evergreen. On behalf of
the Earl he gradually sold existing stock to the value of
3,000 pounds. All were trees he had propagated or reared
from seedlings, including some more mature specimens
which he felt could be spared from the grounds. A
number of conifers were sold to Sir Joseph Paxton and
transplanted in the grounds of the Crystal Palace.

On one occasion Queen Victoria's gardener sought
Barron's help. He was searching for a specimen of Picea
nobilis, the Silver Fir, to replace the only one at Osborne
which had been lost, much to the disappointment of the
Prince Consort. Barron remembered well the visit of Mr.
Ingram, the royal gardener.

 

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Xvii

’I took him to
the East Avenue
and showed him a
host of them, I
pointed out a fine
plant seven feet and
four inches high,
and asked him what
the thought it was
worth, he at once
replied "Twenty

III

Guineas .

The tree was
lifted, complete
with a ball of earth
weighing half a ton, and transported to the Isle of Wight
where, to the satisfaction of the Prince Consort, it was
successfully planted at Osborne.

By this time Barron's tree moving achievements
were famous. He had refined his methods and his
machines, one of which is preserved at Kew, so that it
was possible to transport trees of an age and size never
previously attempted. Such an operation took eight men
and six horses. His greatest feat was the moving of the
Buckland Yew in Buckland churchyard near Dover. This
tree, mentioned in the Domesday Book, was over a
thousand years old when it was successfully moved to
make way for the extension of Buckland church.

In 1865 Barron resigned and went to live in
Borrowash, just a mile from Elvaston, where he and his
son had set up their own nursery. He continued to work
for many years, finally retiring in 1886 when he was
eighty-one. Barron had long been an eminent figure in
the horticultural world and was acknowledged as the
leading authority on coniferae. His was perhaps the
widest collection of evergreens in the country and
included several species which originated at the nursery
of Messrs. Barron and Son of Borrowash. Pride of place
went to the famous golden yew, Taxus baccata variegata
'Elvastoni', developed by William Barron and used to

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such great effect in the gardens at Elvaston.

The new head gardener at Elvaston, Mr. Goodacre,
maintained the formal gardens, supervising the clipping
of miles of hedge and thousands of individual trees. He
was also an expert fruit grower and under his care the
kitchen garden and hot houses flourished. Apart from
native species of apple, pear, quince, cherry and soft
fruit, Elvaston became known for more exotic crops.
Peaches, nectarines, figs, pineapples and melons were
grown along with numerous variehes of grape and the
Earl of Harrington's name featured in the prize lists at
produce shows all over the country.

    

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Page 1 of 2
Xfii
In the late
1930s, William
Stanhope, 11th
4: Earl of
 Harrington, left
9' Elvaston for
0 County Limerick
V in Eire, where the
0 family still live.
i 7 The Harringtons
had connections
with Ireland over several centuries and had owned a
property there for many years.

During and after the war (1939-1950), Elvaston
Castle was home to a teacher training college, evacuated
from Derby city, five miles away. Finding room at
Elvaston for over one hundred and fifty students and
staff was a feat of ingenuity. Every available room was
pressed into service. The dining-room could hold only
half the students abd so meals were in two sittings, while
the Hall of the Fair Star served as lecture room, assembly
hall and common-room.

The students were
privileged to use the
beautiful Elvaston
church as their private
chapel. The gardens and
grounds were greatly
enjoyed, particularly by
those studying natural
sciences, and the
lakeside lawns with
their grottoes and
fountains provided
idyllic scenery for open
air theatre.

‘Black-out‘ rules had to be obeyed and the cellar
was fitted out with bunks and used as an air raid shelter.
One stick of bombs fell close to the castle, shattering
windows, but that was Elvaston's only experience of war.

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In 1963 Elvaston was once more in the news. The

‘Earl decided to sell the estate to meet the expense of

death duties. As Sothebys prepared for the sale of fine
English furniture, prior to the auctioning of the castle
itself, the press gave details of just a few valuable items.
an Adam state four-poster bed, Chippendale mahogany
settees, eighteenth-century wall mirrors, and a pair of
rare and fine George III library globes. This specialist
sale at Somebys in London was followed by a two-day
sale of contents at Elvaston Castle.

The Elvaston estate was sold to the Needlers
Development Company in 1963. In 1969 the castle and
390 acres of land were bought jointly by Derbyshire
County Council and Derby Corporation, for the
establishment of a Countr Park.

  

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XXE

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The park and gardens of
Elvaston were well

years of this century right up
until the 11th Earl left for
 Ireland. During the war and

n later years, although the

M awns were kept mowed, work
 on trees and shrubs was left.

There was a time, too, when it was thought that the
park and gardens would be destroyed in order to recover
the valuable gravel which lies beneath.

With the passing of time the gardens, and in
particular the topiary, began to show signs of neglect. In
1969, immediately after they bought Elvaston, Derby
Parks and the County Council put into action a plan to
restore the grounds which were to be opened to the
public just twelve months later. An extensive programme
of tree surgery began. The avenues were cleared of scrub,
bringing light and air to magnificent specimen trees, now
over one hundred and fifty years old. Many of the golden
and green yew trees were pruned and restored. The
bower garden unfortunately had deteriorated beyond
any hope of restoration and it was decided to uproot all
the conifers. A new parterre garden was designed on the
same site to the south of the castle. Now, twenty years on,
the scroll patterns of green and yellow box, reminiscent
of an Elizabethan knot garden, on their background of
immaculate lawn, are well established. Beyond the
parterre garden are many of the original topiary yews
together with William Barron's Moors‘ Arch.

 
  
  
 

William Barron was
undoubtedly a major
C 'nfluence on planting style
 during the mid 1800s, and
Elvaston Castle Country Park
tands as the most complete
 example of his work
remaining to the present day.
In October 1990 English Heritage listed the gardens and
grounds of Elvaston as 'outstanding'; an indication of its

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unique historical importance.

Since 1969, the
management committee has
continued to maintain and
improve the grounds and
buildings, providing a wide
range of facilities which
include a caravan and
campsite, tea rooms and a gift
shop. Much of the country
park and its facilities have the added advantage of being
accessible to the disabled.

 

Restoration work has included the setting up of a
museum, ‘The Working Estate‘, giving a glimpse of life as
it was for craftsmen, labourers, and their families, some
eighty years ago.

 

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Elvaston Castle Country Park
Eyam, Sheffield, Derbyshire
S30 1QW
Tel: 01433 631976

 

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RHS Journals

The Garden
December 1999

Volume 124 Part 12
£2.75

News
Perspectives
Tradescant's Diary

Winter Wonders
Subtle highlights of the season
MIRABEL OSLER

Prickiv Creations in Lanzarote
..li_c_a_...<;ie.l.rLLLLLt.h.e....l_/lo|c._e..__::3.§.:r
JILL BILLINGTON AND JOHN FINLAY

Cos Célebre
Lettuce cultivars on trial
LIA LEENDERTZ

Appraising winter gardens
Cold Comfort
MICHAEL LEAPMAN

Naturalist in the Garden
A Hard Night's Roost
ROBERT BURTON

Woody plants from seed
Nurturing Nature
DUNCAN GOODWIN

.Ely.e§_t9:3..__Qa.etE§:.._:e§e.iled.
Return to Camelot
JOHN GLEN N

Plants That Should be Better Known
I/ex X koehneana
ROY LANCASTER

Problem Profiles
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Books

1999 index

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RHS Journals

The Garden
December 1999

Return to Camelot

Few visitors to Elvaston Castle, near Derby, today
are aware that in the last century its gardens were
among the most famous in the country. John Glenn
traces the remarkable story of their creation and
subsequent decline

 

Above: The first public glimpse of Elvaston. these pictures by E Adveno Brooke
caused a sensation when published in 1852

The extensive park and gardens that surround
Elvaston Castle, near Derby, are nowhere near as
well known among gardeners today as they were to
their 19th-century counterparts. Only a pale
impression of their former splendour remains, but at
their peak the new gardens amazed the horticultural
world after the first description appeared in 1849 in
the Gardeners’ Chronicle. The relatively short time it
had taken was particularly remarkable: serious
planting on the site had only begun in 1835.

The ensuing 14 years had brought the gardens to
such a state of horticultural excellence and maturity
that they were described as ‘the greatest work of a
gardening skill, both in extent and design, which

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perhaps any man achieved in one lifetime before’.
Today, although much has vanished in the
intervening century and a half, parts of the garden
still possess more than a tincture of their original
magic, and remain recognisably a special and
dramatic place.

The most impressive remnants of the 19th-century
gardens lie to the immediate south of the castle.
There, massive topiary in both common and golden
yew is complemented by a parterre, planted in the
early 1970s when the estate was converted into the
first English country park. The estate also retains
several splendid, if overgrown, avenues of exotic
trees.

 ieaots

 2‘:
Set building


Qriain tail
Eivastorfs recent history

John Glenn is Horticultural Director of Anderson &
Glenn, consultants for historic buildings and gardens

 the Rcyaé H-3-rii::ultl.:ral Society 2000 webmasteVr_,@,,rhs,grgtrig

 

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Publications

   

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The story of the creation of these fabulous gardens
began in 1830 with the hiring of a remarkably
skilled gardener, and the scandalous marriage of
two devoted lovers the following year. It was this
trinity of Earl, mistress and gardener that provided
the catalyst to turn a flat, uninspiring site into a
fairytale world of opulent garden rooms and
parkland.

The Fourth Earl of Harrington inherited Elvaston in
1829 at the age of 49. Formerly known as the
Regency dandy ‘Beau’ Petersham, he was a tall,
handsome man, of eccentric habits. Never seen
out before 6pm and invariably dressed in clothes of
a brownish hue, he was a great connoisseur of tea
and snuff. His room was so filled with gilt-labelled
canisters of both items that it was said to resemble
a shop.

After his accession to the earldom, he married his
mistress, the famous actress and beauty Maria
Foote, who had a notorious reputation earned from
former scandalous relationships. She had two
children by a previous aristocratic lover, and had
successfully sued another, ‘Pea Green’ Haynes,
for £3,000 as settlement for breach of promise of
marriage. Of medium height, with an abundance of
light brown hair, she had an expressive face and
her acting was described by those who fell under
her spell as fascinating.

The marriage scandalised society, and both were
shunned by former acquaintances. They left
London and retired to the Earl’s neo-gothic castle
at Elvaston where almost immediately they began
to construct their own private world of fantasy
based on the then-fashionable concept of medieval
chivalry and romance.

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No contemporary records of the creation of their
gardens have yet been found, but it is known that
Lewis Cottingham, an architect with an academic
knowledge and interest in Gothic design, was
consulted. Certainly comparisons of Cottingham’s
published work with some of the elaborate metal
features used inside and outside Elvaston Castle
give a clear indication of his possible influence on
the design of the gardens. It is also known that the
Earl had ‘a passionate fondness for artistic
gardening’ and probably played a part in their
design.

What is certain is that a talented 25-year-old Scot,
William Barron, was appointed Head Gardener in

1830, and was soon given specific instructions ‘to
create a garden second to none’.

Unusually, however, this was not to be a public
show of wealth and status. Instead the Fourth Earl
and his bride wanted a romantic, private place to
enjoy in peace and seclusion, away from the prying
eyes and gossiping tongues of the hostile society
that had expelled them. To emphasise this point,
the Earl gave clear instructions to Barron that if the
Queen came he was to show her round, but to
admit no-one else. As he was not a young man, he
also wanted the gardens to be as mature as
possible.

From his early days as a gardener, Barron had
been ‘passionately fond’ of evergreens and
favoured planting them whenever an opportunity
presented itself. He soon persuaded the Earl to
share his enthusiasm and the opportunity to fulfil
his gardening dream was given to him at Elvaston.

Barron was required to produce quick results, and

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to achieve this he needed to successfully plant
trees and shrubs of as large a size as possible.
The art of moving large trees at this time was
rather primitive. The root ball was not usually kept
intact and the tree was moved horizontally,
resulting in the need for heavy root and top
pruning, magnifying the stress to the plant. Losses
were usually high.

Barron devised a better system of transplanting
that ensured success rates of near 100 percent.
His major innovation was to minimise root
disturbance, moving the tree or shrub to its new
home in an upright position with the rootball intact.
This allowed trees of up to 15m (50ft) high,
including yews hundreds of years old, to be bought
and moved to Elvaston.

Massive established topiary pieces were
purchased from other gardens and parks and were
moved by the improved tree-lifting machines. One
topiary arbor in yew about 4.3m (14ft) square and
5.5m (18ft) high was transported 40km (25 miles).

Planting was made quicker by placing the trees in
position and mounding soil around the root ball; a
system of ropes and pegs held them upright during
establishment. This mound planting, and previous
work to improve drainage, were major factors in
Barron’s success on such a flat, poorly-drained
site.

The importation of large trees was not achieved
without some inconvenience to the surrounding
population however. Many windows were
apparently broken in the houses of Derby by
branches as they were brought through the city
streets to Elvaston.

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The site became famous for its golden yews and
by 1849 there were more than 1,000 in the
gardens. Many of these still remain today. Sir
Joseph Paxton, Head Gardener at Chatsworlh and
the designer of the Crystal Palace, described them
as the ‘chandeliers of the place‘. Specimens were
bought from far afield; one cost 40 guineas and a
round trip of 450km (280 miles) was made to lift
and transport it.

Barron developed many new cultivars of golden
yew, two of which, Taxus baccata ‘Elvastonensis’
and T. baccata ‘Barronii’, commercially produced in
the last century, are now almost impossible to
obtain. The former was described in a nursery
catalogue as ‘a bright orange colour, and unlike all
other golden or silver yews, not variegated but a
self colour...’ and, ‘by far the most brilliant of any in
winter’.

Barron was a skilled horticulturist but he was not
concerned with imitating nature, scorning this as
the unimaginative use of the commonplace. ‘If I
have but one stall in my stable, and keep for only
one horse, I think I can manage better than put a
donkey in it,’ he is reported to have said.

He was, however, conscious that even the ‘rare
and beautiful’ needed careful siting, and believed
no tree should be planted without good reason.
With great energy and speed, he and his
gardeners, grafted, clipped and transplanted
against the ways of nature to form a seemingly-
mature garden of more than 40ha (100 acres) in
extent.



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Abeat its
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The Garden
December 1999

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Above: The clipped perfection of the Alhambra
Garden from the Moorish Temple, visible at back
right in the portrait of the even more opulent
garden called Mon Plaisir

Stage struck

Words alone were insufficient to do justice to the
magnificence of these gardens at their peak
around 1850. However, the Gardeners’ Chronicle
was of the opinion that, ‘if any artificial assemblage
of trees can reach the sublime in gardening, this
we imagine, is no mean example of one.’

The grounds contained about 18km (11 miles) of
evergreen hedges, ‘shorn as smooth as Axminster
carpet’ and ‘an assemblage of the most valuable
trees and shrubs.’ The pinetum of 6.5ha (16 acres)
was said to contain specimens of every conifer
then known to British gardeners. Many of the
rarities were probably secured by William Barron’s
links to the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, as
the Earl continued to be ostracised by his peers.

A lake was also constructed using huge artificial
formations of rockwork, thought by the Duke of

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Wellington to be the most natural he had ever seen
in a garden. Great avenues of exotic trees were
planted, some grafted with bizarre top work. Fine
gilded statues and magnificent topiary were used
extensively.

it was, however, the gardens of ‘Mon Plaisir’ and
‘Alhambra’, created to the immediate south of the
house, that became the most famous features of
Elvaston Castle, primarily through the
contemporary illustrations by E Adveno Brooke.

Stealing the seeing

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$ssre::%"2 Stealing the scene

Mon Plaisir was the most dramatic garden room. It
was based around a continuous tunnel walk of
Thuja occidentalis (arbor vitae), nearly 2.4m (8ft)
high and wide internally, with regular entrances
and windows, described by the Gardeners’
Chronicle as looking like a ‘pincushion whose four
sides had been pressed in’. At the centre was a
space 15m (soft) in diameter with an eight—pointed
star made of beds planted alternately with golden
holly and common yew, kept clipped to a height of
23cm (9in), surrounding a magnificent example of
the then-rare Araucaria araucana (monkey puzzle).
Arranged with geometric precision around this
central area were eight clipped bower seats, also
of arbor vitae. Smaller monkey puzzles were
placed in the four corners of the pincushion,
encircled in summer with bedding such as scarlet
pelargoniums, lobelia and calceolaria. The whole
was surrounded by alternating green and gold
yews, with one enormous topiary piece, of green
yew with gold sections grafted in, forming a crown
at the garden’s south entrance. This was flanked
by yews clipped into cylinders almost 12.2m (40ft)
high.

The Alhambra garden, lying behind and to one side
of Mon Plaisir, was laid out with low scrolls of
clipped yew, 30cm (12in) high by 1.2m (4ft) wide,
defined by paths made of octagonal bricks. Statues
and topiary provided vertical interest while
heathers, sedums and Senecio cineraria (syn.
Cineraria maritima) gave colour contrast among
the massed evergreens.

Firmly proclaiming the ethos behind the garden
was a Moorish Temple, built primarily to facilitate
the Ear|’s passion for taking tea. Its sumptuous
interior contained a plaster image of a medieval

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© The Royal Hortleulturai ficciety ;2€}{)i)

knight kneeling to his lady, a direct reference to the
two lovers whose garden it was, the Earl and his
theatrical wife using the gardens as living stages
for the ongoing performance of their fairytale
romance. Maria could also be eccentric; it is
claimed she would ride her horse through the
castle kitchens. However, the lifestyle at Elvaston
ended abruptly in 1851 with the Earl’s death,
although his wife lived until 1867.

It would seem society became more accepting of
Maria as only three years after the death of the
Earl their only surviving child, Lady Jane Stanhope,
married the heir to the Marquis of Conyngham.



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RHS Journals

The Garden
December 1999

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Curtain fall

The couple’s only son died in 1836 at the age of
just four, and as a result Elvaston Castle was
passed to the Fourth Ear|’s brother, the more
conventional Leicester Stanhope, who claimed he
was not wealthy enough to keep the gardens up to
the incredibly high standards maintained during the
previous 20 years.

Barron’s staff of nearly 90 gardeners was reduced
to eight overnight, Barron himself was told to look
for commissions as a landscape gardener and, in
1852, the Fifth Earl opened the gardens to the
public for the first time, at three shillings per head
(equivalent to more than £7 today in real terms).
The gardens soon began a steady decline that
continued for the next 100 years.

 

Above, far left: When Country Life photographed Elvaston in 1899 some topiary
pieces, such as the central, crowned column and its flanking towers at the exit
from Mon Plaisir, were in terminal decline. Two original monkey puzzles were

already dead

The dereliction of the ornamental gardens at

03/05/01


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 ‘Elie Fioyai E~iort%cu§ti.:ral Society 2500

Elvaston was not only due to lack of money and
maintenance but was partly inherent from its
creation. It was an ‘instant garden’, conceived and
built as an extravagant expression of two peop|e’s
devotion to one another at a specific time in
history. That time ended with the death of the Earl
who had created it — without both lovers whose
stage it had been, the ‘spirit of the place’ was
allowed to simply fade and die.

Gardening authorities of the mid-19th century
predicted just such a fate for Elvaston and by the
late 1860s signs of decay in the gardens were
already becoming evident. As expected, mature
trees and shrubs planted too closely for instant
effect had to struggle and compete for space and
light. Many of the less-vigorous trees and shrubs
were simply overcome. Others were sold or moved
to Barron’s commercial nursery at Borrowash, set
up in 1865 after his resignation from Elvaston.
Without the will or resources to maintain and
manage the grounds to the previous level of care,
such a decline was inevitable.

Within 20 years of the Fourth Ear|’s death many
gilded statues and garden ornaments had been
sold or removed; the once-splendid gardens of
Mon Plaisir, Alhambra and the Garden of the Fair
Star (also called the Italian Garden) looked shabby
and drab. Contemporary records also show the
paltry numbers of flowers used in the bedding
displays.

page1 l page2

 

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The Garden
December 1999

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For more than 100 years these once ‘great gardens
drifted further into decay. Views published in
Country Life in 1898 showed that although the
gardens remained in their original form, some of
the topiary — particular the tall, columnar yews —
was looking ragged with dieback. The resurrection
of Elvaston as Eng|and’s first country park (see
box, left) halted the slide, but in turn introduced
new problems associated with approximately
700,000 visitors a year. While Derbyshire County
Council seeks commercial partners to redevelop
the house and grounds, and despite an application
to the Heritage Lottery Fund for major restoration,
the ultimate fate of these important historic
gardens remains uncertain.

 

Above: Today only the ‘Moor’s Arch’. originally behind the yews, is still extant.
The pyramids to the fore have become amorphous blobs (Photograph by
Anderson Glenn)

Elvaston's recent history

paget l page2

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Seams Elvaston’s Recent History

The Earl of Harrington’s family, the Stanhopes,
lived at Elvaston until 1939. From then until 1952, it
became a teacher-training college. The grounds
and castle were vacant until 1963, when the family
sold the estate to a quarrying company who
planned to extract gravel deposits which lie under
the gardens. The castle’s contents and the
remaining garden statuary were auctioned in 1964.

Fortunately, a consortium formed by Derby
Borough and County Councils bought the site and
thus saved it from total destruction. With great
foresight and remarkable speed (and a substantial
grant of public finance), they set about turning it
into England’s first country park.

The state of the two most-famously illustrated
features of the gardens decided their fate.
Alhambra had already been cleared by the
Harringtons to make a tennis court. The dramatic
garden of Mon Plaisir was considered impractical
to restore, and was condemned as a fire risk due
to the decayed condition of its sinuous tunnel of
Thuja. The centre of the garden was cleared and
the present parterre created in its place.

A consortium of landscape architects have recently
prepared a feasibility study on the future
management of the site. They are recommending a
£7-million project, part-funded by the Heritage
Lottery Fund, to include the erection of a security
fence around the formal gardens, the destruction of
the present parterre and conjectural re-creations of
Mon Plaisir and other areas such as Alhambra and
the Garden of the Fair Star (Italian Garden).

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The Mixed Style of Victorian garden design Page 1 of 1

Ga I  Visit and
Travel  guide

ARDEN 

ENIN TION PYRI HT

 iiii r.


W Towards the end of his career, Humphry Repton argued that there is no more
absurdity in collection styles in a garden than historic books in a library or historic
pictures in a gallery. This led to a Vogue for American, Chinese and other eclectic
gardens. Victorian gardens came to be characterised by their mixed collections of
areas laid out in different styles. As the century drew on, the ‘Italian’ style came to
be the most popular.

 

Mixed Style: Keydate 1810

  

     
   
  

 

 



Examples of historic gardens which have been influenced by the mixed, or
eclectic, style of Victorian garden design

Alton Towers, Anglesev Abbev, Arlev Hall and Gardens, Arlington Court, Ascott, Ashridge
Management College, Ashton Court Estate, Belmont Park, Biddulph Grange Garden, Capesthorne
Hall and Gardens, Chastleton House, Chatsworth, Compton Acres, Doddington Place Gardens,
Elton Hall, Elvaston Castle Country Park, Endsleigh House and Gardens, Forde Abbey, Gidleigzh
Park, Heligan, Hughenden Manor, Hutton—in—the—Forest, Killerton House and Garden, Lvme Park,
Montacute House, Newbv Hall and Gardens, Pencarrow, Rode Hall, Saltram House, Sezincote,
Spetchley Park. Garden, Stapehill Abbey Gardens, Stratfield Saye House, Sudeley Castle, Tattoh
Park, Torosav Castle and Gardens, Tullvnallv Castle and Gardens, Univeristy of Exeter, Waddesdon
 

 ...C.9i2x.ris.h.t....@. |

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Map of Elvaston, Derbyshire Page 1 of 1

      

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index2

Page 1 of 2

 

Save Elvaston Castle Campaign

lfpdate Latest news December 1st 2000

It is now clear that things have not gone the way the county council
intended. If we had not held such a forceful demonstration last
November the castle would have been sold quickly. The publicity
generated by the demo has caused the county council to be looked

at in much more scrutiny their options are much reduced now we
are watching.

This huge delay works in our favor.

Derbyshire county council have decided that the castle will not be
sold but leased instead. This is a victory for all those people who
objected to the sale. It is likely that the Harington family who used
to live at the castle until the late 1960s may be offered some kind
of lease with conditions. It is by no means certain that the grounds
will be still be available free of charge to the public .

{lid iNe:'ws

:Protest March R6Vl€W

 

This is the  of events leading to the sale.

http://www.savee1vastoncastle.co.uk/ 03/05/01


index2 Page 2 of 2

When is a property up for sale

  

when the seller tries to sell your a mortgage as well I!

A PUBLIC MEETING WAS ON SUNDAY 7 NOVEMBER
1999 AT SPOT SOCIAL CLUB SACHEVERAL ST DERBY
AT 3PM

CLICK HERE TO READ WHAT THE PAPER SAID

more reading and background to the issue _MaXwell Craven
from the telegraph wrote.

please email admin@saveelvastoncastle.co.uk

or call 01332 341154 ask for Paul. This is Why im doing this

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Page 1 of 1

03/05/01


Elvaston Castle Country Park

Page 1 of 2

GARDEN VISIT and TRAVEL GUIDE

 

Gearcien Address: Elvaston Castle Country Park,
Borrowash Road, Derby, Derbyshire, England,

DE72 3EP, 01332 571342.

Directiains for Visiting: Elvaston garden is 5 miles
south east of Derby, 2 miles from the A6

(:)‘pen.in.g Dates and "i‘im.es:
All year

Daily

Open dawn to dusk

Puhiic Adniission: Entrance free (car parking

charge)

€3a.i‘dei1 Tour Map:
Click for map with garden location

 

http://www.gardenVisit.com/g/elv.htm

G-ardiezi Z)esc:‘i._p§ion.: A once—great
Victorian garden which now
looks, in Patrick Taylor's phrase,
‘slightly disheVelled'. The garden-
as—it-was is shown on the front
cover of Brent Elliott's book on
Victorian gardens, and described
on pages 83-87. There were 11
miles of evergreen hedges, an
Alhambra garden a French garden
and others. The present owners
have made an Old English Garden
in what was formerly the kitchen
garden. Loudon, in 1839, noted
that ‘The solemn gloom cast over
part of the grounds by these yew
trees produces an effect never to
be forgotten, which harmonises
with the fine old ivy-covered
church adjoining the castle‘. 350
acres

Garden §~li:5to.ty Keydatets):
1835

Quality Ratings):
’*‘* Design Interest
* Planting Interest
>5‘ Scenic Interest

Design Sty.l.c(s):


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Google Search: Conyngham Marquess Page 1 of 2 '

 
   

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gconyngham Marquess EQUQS Hem

 

5‘ Search allgroups f" Searchtheweb

« {issues
Q_i__i_g}g_ne_:j_e_ for izzformaiios about upcoming improvements :0 this beta versien of éfioogies Ueenei: search.

arouse search remit 8 for Congrngham Marquess

From: Shiniinee Sen (ssen roval@mv—deia.oom) Search Result 5
Subject: Maria Foote, Countess of Harrington
Newsgroups: a!.t.,ta,l}_:_..rgya_I:y

Date: 2001 -01 -28 08:00:09 PST View complete thread (2 articles)

Another Regency—type question —

The 4th Earl of Harrington (1780-1851) married in 1831 (at the age of
nearly 51) a lady named Maria Foote, described in my ancient Burke's
Peerage only as the daughter of Samuel Foote, Esq. However, I read
elsewhere (where, I cannot recall) that the lady was in fact a
courtesan, presumably in the style of Harriet Wilson etc.

[from Theroff's file jla]

2.2.7.1.5.1.1.Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington, b.Harrington
House 8 Apr 1780, d.Brighton 3 Mar 1851; m.Elvaston Hall 7 Apr 1831
Maria Foote (b.Plymouth Jun 1798, d.London 27 Dec 1867)
2.2.7.1.5.1.1.1.Charles Stanhope, Viscount Petersham, b.l3 Dec 1831,
d.Pembroke House 8 Apr 1836
2.2.7.1.5.1.1.2.Lady Jane Stanhope, b.14 May 1833, d.28 Nov 1907; m.17

Jun 1854 George Henry Conyngham, 3d Marquess Conyngham (1825-1882) [2
sons and 5 daus] —>

The marriage appears to have been hastened by the pregnancy of the lady
(?), since a son was born eight months later. What interests me is
not that the marriage took place (other peers including the Duke of
Bolton and later, the 3rd Earl of Egremont would marry their mistresses
by whom they previously had natural sons), but that

a) it took place prior to the birth of the children — unless natural
children are excluded here.

b) the bridegroom in question was the former Viscount Petersham, a
dandy well—known in Regency times; and

c) the bride was allegedly a courtesan, as opposed to being an actress
who also had a protector. [The last is a little unusual, although

Harriet Wilson nearly married the Marquess of Worcester, heir to the
Duke of Beaufort].

d) their daughter Lady Jane Stanhope became a Marchioness — so
apparently a shady maternal past was no bar to social advancement in
this particular case. Of course, her mother—in—law had been the
mistress of George IV and she may have been a substantial heiress.

My questions follow:

1) Was Maria Foote indeed a courtesan? What was her background and
particularly her family background (her father is described as an Esq)?

2) Did any other peers marry courtesans in the period 1787-1837 — and
have legitimate children by them?

3) Was Lady Jane Stanhope an heiress (I assume so)? Who brought her
out and presented her at court — since her father was alread dead

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Google Search: Conyngham Marquess Page 2 of 2

(1851) and could not have presented her at any rate? How was her
marriage to Conyngham received?

Again, this is for my Jane Austen file — I responded to a query on a
Jane Austen board, and thought I should follow up on a couple of
unusual marriages.

Citations are welcome.

Thank you for all your help.

Shinjinee

Sent via Deja.com


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Maria (Foote), Countess of Harrington (1797?—1867), Actress; wife of 4th Earl of Harr‘... Page 1 of 1

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Maria (Foote), Countess of Harrington (1797?-1867), Actress; wife. of 4th Earl
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Maria (Foote), Countess of Harrington web imags
Unknown artist * not {:l;m“aa"r’t§y
woodcut, 1825 3‘-taiéafiifi

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Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington (1780-1851), Colonel; Lord of the bcdcharnb... Page 1 of 1

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Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington (1780-1851), Colonel; Lord of the
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Sitter in 3 portraits

 

NPG D9038

Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington W5 gmga

by Robert Dighton Jr V no-twrr«er1t§},r

coloured etching, 1804 » awitabie

Not on display

NPG D10765

Charles Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington «.,.mt;, imagfi

by|Robejrl Dighton Jr tzcnt €L:l:;’£’"E:‘1§§§é‘

co oure etching, 1804 am 3 *3

Not on display

NPG D9831

Votaries of Fashion. St. James's. Lord Petersham, etc. (Charles A g b

Stanhope, 4th Earl of Harrington) W‘? 'W‘3‘Ei
. not £t;$¥‘f*E?‘i'¥t§_’y

Unknown artist amgabgg

coloured reproduction print
Not on display

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Google Search: "Samuel Foote" . Page 1 of 2

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§'fSamuel Foote"

 

 @E£”%";§». »,j“§::§§,.g§;. 57 Search all groups f“ Search the Web

QJ_i.oJg_“t_1__eg[e, for information about apeoming improvements to this beta version of Geegfee Userzeé search.

fimaps seaawt reset": 3 $01’ “gamma? mete“

From: Bo Bradham (bradham@panix.oom) Search Resun 2
Subject: Re: No Soap Radio

Newsgroups: rec.humor, alt.folk|ore.urban_

Date: 1996/05/30 View complete thread (96 articles}

Phil Edwards <news—uk@dircon.co.uk> wrote:
>1 think we've got two, maybe three, different types of joke here. [...j

>

>And then there are ULs, like that one about "No soap, radio” being a huge
>psychoiogical experiment...

Then theres the history of "no soap" as a figure of speech. There
was an English actor called Samuel Foote in the late 18th
century. A rival of his (Mumble Macklin) claimed he could
memorize any speech on one hearing. Foote improvised a string of
absolute non—sequiturs which made no sense, and Macklin admitted
defeat. At some point in the soliloquy a bear sticks his head
into a shop,looking for something. "What? No soap!" meaning it's
not there appears in the speech.

The speech also includes some nonsense words, chief among them
"the Grand Panjandrum" which along with "no soap" has entered the
language. From the OED:

panjandrum In origin, a nonsense word (simulating

compounds of PAN—, and burlesquing a title), occurring in the farrago of
nonsense composed by S. Foote to test the memory of old Macklin, who had
asserted that he could repeat anything after once hearing it.

The Foote—Macklin story, and the entire speech are found in “The
Little, Brown Book of Anecdotes" which credits

LITERARY LIFE AND OTHER CURIOSITIES. HENDRICKSON ROBERT <l98l>
ISBN 0670430293

I'm a bit curious as to how, if the speech was so blooming hard
to memorize, and if the scene was some sort of social gathering,
the speech surivived in such detail.

I'm also curious because the OED lists "no soap" as being USAn:

f no soap: an announcement of refusal of a request or offer, failure
in an attempt, etc.; ‘nothing doing‘. slang (orig. and chiefly U.S.).

Bo "curiouser and curiouser" Bradham

through one of
'. grip, may be depended

     

» Mark Twain.

http://groups.googlecorn/groups?q=%22Samuel+Foote%22&hl=en&1r=&safe=off&rnun... 02/05/01


Google Search: T'Samue1Foote" Page 1 of 1

   

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Groups Helg

 

§"Samue| Foote"

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§&%”€.:2é.§§3$ seam“: reeukt “E for “Samurai Mote"

.From: michae|w@sprvnet.com (michaelw@sprvnet.com) Search Result 1
Subject: The Nabob by Samuel Foote
Newsgroups: [99.1§fl§_:I_h§§1I_[§;F2l.§3LS.

Date: 1996/04/30 (This is the only article in this thread)

Would appreciate any information about reviews of the play which opened
on June 29,1772 at the Haymarket Theatre, London. Would also like to find
any later criticism. Thanks, Mike W.

iféoogie Web D§rec‘Iory ~ Cooi éobe » fidsxefiéee wiéh Us »« Add Googie ‘:0 Your 3% M Gzoogie in your Language «
mi About fioogie

©20{31 (Boogie

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Google Search: Maria Foote Page 1 of 3 ‘ '

 
  
 

M

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erases search rasuit 0 for Maria Fame

From: Joe Luttrell (meverbos@best.com) Search Result 6
Subject: Marriage Law [part I]
Newsgroups: rec.arts.booksmarketplace

Date: 2000/03/17 (This is the only article ah this thread)

A selection of works which we have in stock on marriage law; for
others, please feel free to browse our web site, where you

may search our entire inventory by any word or phrase:
www.meyerbos.com

l. [BIGAMY AND JACTITATION]. The Trial of Elizabeth Duchess
Dowager of Kingston for Bigamy, Before the Right Honourable the
House of Peers, in Westminster—Hall, in Full Parliament .
Published by Order of the House of Peers. Printed for Charles
Bathurst, in Fleet—Street, London, 1776. Original buff wraps,
untrimmed, a lovely, unsophisticated folio. [62376 L56]

$ 1,500.00

A rare example of the trial of a peeress in the House of Lords
(with the Duchess personally appearing and testifying), finding her
guilty of bigamy and essentially ending the ecclesiastical action
of 'jactitation', the denial of a previous marriage.

2. BINGHAM, Peregrine. The Law of Infancy and Coverture. Second
American Edition from the Last London Edition. with Notes and
References to English and American Cases. Chauncey Goodrich,
Burlington, l849. Contemporary sheep, worn and stained, rebacked;
a clean copy. [65884 DUSEL XYL64] $ 450.00

The first work published in this country devoted to the law of
infants, coupled with the first work exclusively treating of
coverture, both with substantial American notes, praised by
Holdsworth for their superior analysis of a difficult area.

3. [BREACH OF PROMISE AND THE THEATRE]. Fairburn's Edition of the
Trial Between Maria Foote, the Celebrated Actress, Plaintiff, and
Joseph Hayne, Esq., Defendant, for a Breach of Promise of Marriage;
Including the Evidence at Full Length. . . and the Whole of the
Love Letters [etc ]. Published by John Fairburn [etc.], [London],
[l824]. Modern red pebbled cloth, stained but sound. [63581]

S 250.00

4. [BREACH OF PROMISE]. Dick versus Fletcher, For a Breach of
Promise of Marriage . . . Including the Proceedings in the Court of
King's Bench, Relative to His Breach of Promise of Marriage With
that Lady [etc.]. Printed and Published by John Fairburn,
Broadway, Ludgate Hill, London, [l824?]. Later 3/4 calf by Root &
Son, chipped and rubbed but sound. [46543 L41] $ 450.00

A scandalous case, much bruited, with Lord Brougham representing

Miss Dick in King's Bench against the Presbyterian minister, Andrew
Fletcher, who was to be suspended from his office and church

http:// groups. goo g1e.com/ groups?q=Maria+Fo0te&h1=en&1r=&safe=0ff&rnum=6&ic= 1 6. .. 02/05/01


BBC — Derby — Around Derby — Elvaston Country Park

CATEGGRIES "£'V R1301!) C€3NiMi££‘~iICATfE WHiEREI£.I\’E Il‘\E!}E)( SKAKCR! 1“/«1*'-K

 

MONDAY
22nd September 2003

Text 01'“!

BBC Homepage
October 2002

  
  

 

England
Elvaston Castle Country Park
>>Qe.rby _ -_ , ,

News »* ~ ' ‘ Elvaston Castle Country Park
Sport opened to the public in 1970. It
Travel was the first of it's kind in
V_Vt3'Li1er Britain and spans more than
199$ 200 acres of varied landscape.

Message Board
Competitions
Webcams

360° images
Around Derby
C'mon you Rams

 

Video Nation
BBC Bus
SiMgQ Therand Elvastn Castle and Country Par
About the BBC AUDIO Elvaston ifiastie Country Park
“:“* .553’; 33c Radio Derby’; History and Facilities
cL1tia_¢;_tQ§  n castle Elvaston Castle Country Park was the first park of its kind in
Country Park (28k) Br'ta'“-
help .?!.5.0£¥'I'1 sgwicie
? Following the proposal in the Countryside Act of 1968 that
_ _ Siffi A£.5{} ‘country parks’ should be created to provide improved
§'::d”?,'$toP:§fi:nd! F Elvaston came count”: opportunities ‘for the enjoyment of the countryside by the
B’ Park today public’ in conveniently located areas, the suitability of
r  ! Elvaston as a site for a country park — situated only a few
I»  'Q%fl miles south—east of Derby — was immediately recognised.
., Virtual Tour of Derby
F   The acquisition of Elvaston castle and surrounding land by
the County Council and Derby Corporation was completed in
WEB unxs 1969, and the park was opened on Good Friday 1970.

., Derby Arboretum
‘I  V Prior to its opening, however, the grounds required
We 55“ '5 W‘ i"~‘5""‘“'5i“‘ “W extensive work to overcome the problems created by over

i; if : t Of )1? 5. .
 E 25 years of neglect.

 

WHERE 35 IT? Many trees were pruned and
restored, and shrub was cleared
to bring light and air to other
specimens.

Unfortunately some areas like
the Bower Garden were beyond
restoration.

 

 

:\ROl}N D DERBY

. Stephanie Meadows:
"behaving badly"?
. Knit Club

. Derby's weakest link
. Kill Your Speed

. Book crossing

. A—Level Results Day!

 
 

   

   

§ev;;.§.4.§§a::as.: 

 

V\ 

 

BBC Derby

PO Box 104.5

Derby

DEI 3HL

(+44) 01332 361111

derby@bbc.co.uk

http ://www. bbc.co. u k/derby/featu res/tours/parks/derby/e|vaston_history.shtml

Page 1 of 5

22/09/03


BBC — Derby — Around Derby — Elvaston Country Park page 2 of 5

Following the opening of the
park, the lower stable yard was
restored and became home to
the Working Estate Museum,
opened to the public in 1980.

It is a working museum where
staff in period dress help visitors
to experience something of the
lives of those who worked on
the estate in the early 20th
century.

  
 

 

The top stable yard was also
F fllmgit-“Li: deVel0ped to Pr0Vide improved An example of topiary at the Country
visitor facilities, including a Park
PRINT Tysxs PAGE shop, information centre, and a schools‘ field studies centre.

View a printable version of

this page_ I Elvaston Castle — today and the future

The park spans over 200 acres of varied landscape, including
beautiful woodland, gardens and open parkland. It offers a
wide variety of facilities, from a riding centre and
showground to caravan and camp sites.

 

5 iliszk 3°:erae

A permanent nature trail has been made there and part of
the park has been set aside as a nature reserve.

Surveys have also been undertaken in the past to monitor
the wildlife and compile information on the different species
of birds, plants, insects and small mammals present in the
park.

Elvaston Castle and the
surrounding parkland was the
seat of the Earls of Harrington
until 1939.

The gothic-style castle was
designed for the 3rd Earl of
Harrington in the early 19th
century by the architect James
Wyatt, although Wyatt himself
did not live to see his designs
carried out.

The 3rd Earl also wanted to see
a new landscaped garden to go
with his rebuilt castle, and

 

An avenue of Limes leading to the

offered the commission to a castle
famous landscape gardener of the time, Lancelot (Capability)
Brown.

http ://www.bbc.co.uk/derby/features/tours/parks/derby/elvaston__history.shtml 22/09/03


BBC - Derby — Around Derby - Elvaston Country Park page 3 of 5

Brown, however, turned down the invitation because the
area was so flat, and so it was left to the 4th Earl Charles to
finish the work at Elvaston.

Charles was quite a character. When he inherited his title in
1829 he had earned himself a reputation as a dandy and
Regency buck.

He was a trend setter, and attracted the friendship of the
Prince Regent, who copied his clothes, tea drinking, and
addiction to snuff ~ the Earl had 365 snuff boxes, one to use
on each day of the year! He designed many of his own
clothes, and many of his fashions were copied, however odd.

In 1831 Charles married Maria Foote. She was 17 years his
junior, an actress and an unmarried mother (neither of
which were socially acceptable at that time).

Although their love affair had begun in the 18205, marriage
had been out of the question while Char|es’s father was
alive, and the affair was a favourite topic of society gossips.

The Earl was devoted to Maria,
however, and it has been
suggested that the gardens he
commissioned at Elvaston were
his tribute to their love (The
inside of the Moorish temple in
the Alhambra garden was
decorated with symbols of the
chivalric love of a knight for his
lady, and there was even a
statue of the couple showing an
adoring Charles at Maria's feetl).

 

The gardens were created for
Charles the 4th Earl of
Harrington by William Barron
and a team of 90 gardeners between 1830 and the Earl's
death in 1851.

 

The Moorish Temple

Barron's design created a series of theme gardens to the
south of the castle, including an Italian garden based on
designs from Tuscany, and the Alhambra garden which
included a Moorish temple.

r Elvaston Castle - today and the future
The bower garden, which became known as the Garden of
the Fair Star, had a monkey puzzle tree in a star shaped bed

at its centre, as well as many statues and green and yellow
yew trees clipped into different shapes.

http ://www. bbc.co. uk/derby/features/tours/parks/derby/elvaston__history.shtml 22/09/03


BBC — Derby — Around Derby - Eivaston Country Park page 4 of 5

Barron also planted several avenues of trees and constructed
a large lake on the site (where, incidentally, some of the
scenes in Women in Love were filmed).

Charles was impatient to see his new garden take shape,
and so to meet his demands Barron pioneered a method of
moving mature trees from one place to another.

Some of the yews which became part of the gardens at
Eivaston were already hundreds of years old, and were
transplanted over distances of many miles to reach Eivaston.

By 1850 Barron had planted
examples of every species of
European conifer then known at
Eivaston, as well as an avenue
of limes which led to the Golden
Gates.

These gates, which had
previously adorned the royal
palaces at Madrid and Versailles,
had been acquired by the 3rd
Earl of Harrington in 1819.

Under the 4th Earl the gardens
at Eivaston remained a private
place for the Earl himself and his The Gomen Gates
wife.

  

It had to wait for the succession of Leicester Stanhope as the
5th Earl of Harrington before the gardens were opened to
the public.

When the gardens were opened thousands of people visited
them despite the rather high admission fee of three shillings,
often travelling to Eivaston on special excursion trains.

During and after the Second World War the castle at
Eivaston was home to a teacher training college, evacuated
for safety from Derby.

Every room in the castle was needed to accommodate over
150 staff and students: the cellar was used as an air raid
shelter, and the Hall of the Fair Star became a lecture room
and common-room.

Eivaston Castle Countrv Park

- today and the future
p More Parks

T02 I 1Es:ez:x;es...Iiadex l Vfiflome

Terms of Use l Privacy

http ://www. bbc.co. u k/derby/features/tours/parks/derby/elvaston_history.shtml 22/09/03


 

You are here: Home > e—Gallery > Carlton House: The Blue Velvet Room

 mm. cottgcnon  

Royal itelgaces, Resitiences ariti .+M:t Ct”J=§§E:tTEltZll't

    

Emma  Mews &~ewe:at§  AfitJt!t‘t§ie Royaifltxiietlitm

 

Carlton House: The Blue Velvet Room, 1816

1816

 

Charles Wild (1781-1835)

Probably acquired by George IV

Like most of the rooms at Carlton House, the Blue Velvet Room and the adjoining Closet
underwent a considerable number of changes of decoration and nomenclature from the time that
George IV took up residence in 1783 to the time he abandoned the house to the demolition
contractors in 1826. The two rooms lay next door to each other on the south (garden) side of the
principal floor, at the beginning of a series of six interconnecting reception rooms facing St
James‘s Park. This room and the Blue Velvet Closet, painted for Pyne‘s Royal Residences, were
recorded by Wild in their final incarnation, by which time the larger room — the Blue Velvet Room —
was generally in use by the Prince Regent as an audience room. The Garter blue velvet panels on
the walls were installed c.1806 under the direction of the decorator Walsh Porter. Enrichments to
the gilt frames round the velvet were added between 1811 and 1814 by Edward Wyatt and Fricker
& Henderson. Seat furniture, upholstered in blue and gold fleur—de-lis satin, was supplied in 1812
by Tatham & Co., who also provided Brussels carpets of the same pattern in 1813. Other
alterations included the installation in 1810 of the Vulliamys' white marble chimneypiece, originally
made for the adjacent Bow Room. This, together with many of the carved ornaments, was reused
by Wyatville at Windsor in the late 1820s. In the centre of the room stood a magnificent desk by
Tatham, probably given away by William IV to the second Marquess Conyngham, son of George
IV‘s favourite, Elizabeth, Marchioness Conyngham. The room contained some of George IV‘s most
important Dutch paintings: Rembranclt's The Shipbuilder and his Wife hung on the west wall and
Cuyp‘s The Passage Boat was paired with St Philip and the Eunuch by Jan Both on the north wall.

RL 22184

Catalogue entry from Royal Treasures, A Golden Jubilee Celebration, London 2002

See Also:

Overview

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Object categories:

The Royal Residences: Interior
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Site map Cobvrioht & credits Freedom of Information Contact us Larder text


‘ . fl .  ,I_______ ' P 1 
 i::,?‘,‘::»)\..~’ age 0

Subject: "A Peerage for the People"

Date: 21 Oct 1998 15:03:47 -0500

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I was in the university library here, looking up some info about the
heraldic arms of Jane Austen, when by chance I happened to notice a
book on a neighboring shelf, "A Peerage for the People" by William
Carpenter —— apparently first published in 1835, but this edition
published 1841 with updates. It's an account of each noble family
from the point of view of reforming/"radical" politics, pointing out
how much money each peer (or his relatives) got from public money in
the form of honorary offices and sinecures, church offices, state
pensions, and various (mis)appropriations of public property; it also
includes accounts of scandals and malfeasances involving noble
families (though Carpenter claims not to repeat "private" scandal
merely for the sake of scandal, when this has no bearing on the
"public character“ of a politically—active nobleman), and notes on
which peers are "ultra—Tory" (i.e. hard—line reactionaries) or voted
against the parliamentary Reform bill of 1832, against the later
municipal reform bill, against the abolition of slavery, against the
admission of non—Church—of—England Protestants to the Universities,
against Irish/Catholic reform (the Orange Order comes in for some very
severe comments), etc. etc.

If you want a trenchant comment about almost any nobleman represented
in the House of Lords during the second fifth of the 19th century
(including representative Irish and Scottish peers), this book can
supply it.

Some quotes:

"The history of the Peerage is a history of intrigue, profligacy,
corruption, jobbing, and peculation. Repulsive as the Spirit of
Aristocracy has ever been, it is not to be doubted that it has, in
many features, largely degenerated over the last two hundred years.

It did at one time exhibit qualities, which, if they could not command
respect or esteem, did not fail to excite wonder and admiration. But
its high chivalry has degenerated into pure chicanery; its lofty
courage has degenerated into low cunning; its disregard of _mere_
wealth has given way to a grinding and huckstering spirit of
money—getting and money keeping; its ambition for personal prowess has
been transmuted into a peddling and pettifogging appetite for the
vulgar means and materials to maintain its mischievous eminence.
Toland (‘Life of Milton‘, p. 2) has justly observed that “those
distinctions which the brave and the wise have justly obtained from
their country, descend indifferently to cowards, traitors, or fools,
and spoil the better souls from endeavouring to equal or exceed the
merits of their ancestors." The Peerage furnishes abundant
illustrations of the truth of this remark; and so long as human nature

remains what it now is, _hereditary_ honours must be prolific with
mischief."

"Irish Peerages, says The Spectator, have proved a most pernicious
instrument in the hands of the _packers_ of the House of Lords. An
Irish Peerage is a step to the British; a man is created an Irish
Peer for servility, oppression, and bigotry in his own country; and
then he is ready for transplanting to this, whenever his services
shall be wanted. The misgovernment of Ireland has been a grand means
of ruining England. When a man is made a Peer by corruption in

http://www.pember1ey.com/j aneinfo/peeragepmxt A 29/O3/O1


Page 2 of 4

Ireland, by corruption he is glad to take the next step in England."

Some comments on specific peers:

Baron Dynevor —— “This Peer is descended from Adam on the mother's
side, and from the Lord knows who on his father's!"

Campbell, Marquis of Breadalbane —— "Sir John Campbell of Glenorchy
being the creditor of George, sixth Earl of Caithness, obtained a
disposition from that nobleman of his whole estate and earldom, with
the hereditary jurisdictions and titles; and upon the demise of his
Lordship, he was created by patent (1677) Earl of Caithness; but in a
few years afterwards, that dignity being allowed by Parliament to be
vested in George Sinclair of Keif, Sir John Campbell obtained a new
patent (1681), creating him Earl of Breadalbane and Holland. This
Peerage, therefore, has obviously been obtained in the way of trade --
it is solely the purchase of money or money's worth. Other Peerages
have been conferred for political profligacy or subserviency to the
minister of the day; but we are not at present aware of any other case
in which a Peerage has been notoriously a matter of bargain and sale,
like any other commodity or description of transferable property."

Earl Poulett —— "His Lordship's character may be summed up in three
words —— he is a fox—hunting Tory “

Duke of Dorset —— “He is an ultra—Tory, and was made Master of the
Horse under Lord Liverpool's Administration, and again under the
Wellington—Peel government in 1834. Wherever mischief is intended
against the people, there is he to be found."

Earl of Mount—Edgecumbe —— "He was one of the large borough—mongers
under the old system of representation, and is a strenuous
anti—reformer. His Lordship ranks among the few author—Peers, by the
publication of a book comprising his recollection of all the prima
donnas that had appeared at the Opera in his time."

Viscount Canning (born 1812) —— "His lordship is identified with the

Tory party, and was at one time thought to give some indication of
ability.”

Earl of Leicester (Coke of Norfolk) —— Nothing whatever about his
Europe—wide reputation as the great agriculturalist, but quite a bit
about an archaic hereditary light—house lease granted to his family,
which gave the right to levy a tax on shipping, and which had yielded
his family £6,000 pounds a year of arguably dubious legality, and
£3,000 pounds a year after being legitimized in an 1828 "reform".

Earl Spencer —~ "Lord Spencer is one of those indifferently good sort
of people of whom it is very difficult to speak. When we remember the
anecdote of the Earl of Arundel's reply to one of the noble Earl's

ancestors, who had been speaking of Magna Charta, &c, —— “My lord, my
lord, when these things were doing, your ancestors were keeping
sheepE" —— we look at Lord Spencer, and sigh that they ever left so

innocent an employment."

Earl of Jersey —— "He is a man of but feeble abilities, but what he
lacks in power, his lady makes up for in intrigue. The Countess of
Jersey has long been before the public as a leader either in fashion
or politics."

Earl of Clanwilliam —— "This Tory Peer was a hanger—on of the late

Lord Castlereagh of execrable memory, and was made a British Peer by
the especial favor of George IV in order that he might Vote against

http://www.pember1ey.com/j aneinfo/peerageplxt I 29/03/01


the Catholic question. Having thus obtained his Peerage, the noble
Lord, according to true lordly morality, voted in favor of the

Emancipation Bill, in order to please the Duke of Wellington, and
serve himself."

Lord Albert, brother of Marquis of Conyngham —— "This young gentleman,
who is married to a sister of Lord Forrester, is what is denominated a
_blood_. He is well known in the saloons of the theatres, and in many
other places which we may as well not mention."

Earl of Clancarty —- "His claims to public notice rest altogether upon
political subserviency, diplomatic finesse, and an uniform opposition
to everything tending to improve the institutions of the country.“

The Duke of Cumberland —— "It was the misfortune of his Royal Highness
to reside for many years of his life in foreign countries, where the
doctrines of despotism were sedulously inculcated, and where his mind
was familiarised with opinions and principles wholly at variance with
the British Constitution. He is one of those statesmen who maintain
that the people have nothing to do with the laws but to obey them --
that the few are born to rule, and the many to submit without question
or complaint. He is never absent from his place in Parliament when
the bigotted and intolerant faction to which he belongs meditate any
agression on liberty either at home or abroad; and he has evinced
similar zeal and activity in availing himself of his proximity to the
throne, and of the confidential intercourse which that position gives

him, to influence the state—policy in favor of everything anti—popular
and illiberal."

Earl Delawarr —— "Wherever the mouldering carcass of exploded
legitimacy is there, there is he; labouring most zealously, though
feebly, to foster the corruptions in the State, and perpetuate the
abuses on which the oligarchy has so long battened.“

Earl De Grey —— "He is ever to be found in the anti—popular ranks,
impeding and thwarting the progress of liberal and wholesome
legislation."

Nicholas Vansittart, Baron Bexley —— The poem below was written in
response to this remark from _Lord BeXley's Letter to the Freeholders
of Kent_: "We are told that the bigots are growing old and fast
wearing out. If it be so, why not let us die in peace?"

Stop, Intellect, in mercy stop,
Ye curst Improvements cease:
And let poor Nick Vansittart drop

Into his grave in peace.

Hide, Knowledge, hide thy rising sun --
Young Freedom, veil thy head;

Let nothing good be thought or done
Till Nick Vansittart's dead.

Take pity on a d0tard's fears,
Who much light doth detest;

And let his last few drivelling years
Be dark as were the rest.

Ye Liberals, whate'er your plan,
Be all reforms suspended;

In compliment to dear old Van,
Let nothing bad be mended.

Ye Papists, whom oppression wrings,

http://www.pember1ey.com/j aneinfo/peerageplxt

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eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun—14—03 20:00:00 PDT) — 1838 LEATHER 2 Page 1 of 11
iaeme | myfifiggg | siee men | sjigg ieaut
Sett I fiemices I Seanzh I Help I Cem‘munit;yr

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See this item in eBay's new look for this page.
1838 LEATHER 2 VOLS KING GEORGE IV, HISTORY

Item # 2535423652

Antiques:Bo0ks, Manuscriotszother

 

Current bid us s49_oo Starting bid Us $49_oo
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Economics Money Royalty Society English Baronet and Physician to George IV letters
es“asheei<e.ce.uk

Nate: Purehaser to gay actuai shipfiing charge‘ Feet free to e-mail us for a quote.

We regutariy auction on eBay ~ We offer a wide range of subject matters
to suit all tastes and all budgets. Why not look at the other items we are
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Presented by ezwafieeks

The best—mam1ered docter the Prince of
wales had ever met!

Memoirs

es
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eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun-14-03 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘...' Pggg 2 of 11 ’

Sir William Knighton,
Nweper M fim Wivy Purse

During the Reign of E-{is Majesty

King George The Fourth
xncfiuding his

fierreggmondmrzce with many distinguished persons

Lady Knighton
In Two Volumes
1838

P;&RI§:

A mm W Gafignani Amt! Co

with both volumes measuring 7" x

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,4 W.

. O7/06/O3


eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun—14—O3 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘... Page 3 of 11

41/4" (approx) this interesting pair is bound
in half leather.

°°E“im spines have five compartmeate separated ht; raised hands, The
title and volume number is lettered in gilt on a contrasting Eabel.

The boards ape spine have a iittie rubbing ané bumping to

extremities. The top of the epirxe of vpiume I has 3 siight chipi The top

V2" cf the rear hinge cf vetume XI is cracked. Euth bindings remaira
firm.

The text biocks are tight apart from the frontis and biank end papere
in veiume I which we E-nose and becoming separateci fmm the main
text biock.

The pages are generally clean with some fight spotting in pieces,
mainiy limited ta severai pagee at the front/emf of each voiume, the
feici out letter piate and the be-okpiates on the inner pasteciowns.

The ftxki cut Eetter is tern a Eittie at the itmttom iefirhand edge. it is
erxtitied "Fascfiimiie cf .3 letter fram his iate Majesty George IV ta $ir
wiifiiam Knighton"

Both books retain their criginai ribbon bcrokmark (detached in vol 332).

The paste downs and page edges are attractiveiy marbieci

There is an attractive back plate (spotted) affixed to the end
pasteéewn £21 bath voiumes — these banks were once the property 01‘
Andrew Fairbairn.

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eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun-14-03 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 Page 4 of 11

with a fo|d—out facsimile of a letter from
King George IV

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eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun-14-O3 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘... Page 5 Of 11

$3,, )(

Sir William Knighton 1776-1836
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eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun-14-03 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘... Page 6 of 11

http ://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.d||?ViewItem&item = 2535423652&category=. ..

"Knighton was keeper of the privy purse to George IV, son of William
Knighton, was born at Beer Ferris, Devonshire, in 1776.

His family had an estate at Grenofen, Whitchurch, Devonshire, but his
father was disinherited, and, dying very early, left his widow in poverty.
Knighton, after a iittie schooling at Newton Busheii, Devonshire, was at

an early age sent to study medicine under his uncie, Dr. Bredall, a
surgeon of Tavistock.

He afterwards studied for two years at Guy's Hospitai, London. At the
age of twentwone he returned to Devonshire, and obtained through the
influence of Dr. (ieach, chief surgeon of the Royal Naval Hospital at
Plymouth, an assistant-surgeon's post there, and a diploma from St.
Andrews University. At the end of 1797 he settled in practice at
Devonport.

In 1800 he married Dorothea, youngest daughter of Captain Hawker,
R.N., and in 1803 he removed to London. he began practice as an
accoucheur, but shortly removed to Edinburgh.

After three years‘ study there, he once more returned to London,
received a degree from the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the degree of
MD. from the university of Aberdeen (21 April 1806), and began

practice in Hanover Square. 7

In Juiy 1809 he attended the Marquis Wellesley as his physician on his
embassy to Spain, and returned with him in October. By him he was in

O7/06/03


eBay item 2535423652 (Ends Jun—14-03 20:00:00 PDT) — 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘... Page 7 of 11

1810 recommended to the Prince of Wales, with the result that he
became one of the prince's physicians, and was shortly afterwards
created a barohet (1812).

The prince toid Sir Walter Farquhar, in explanation of this appointment,
that Knighton was the best-mannered doctor he had ever met.

He had been an intimate friend of Sir John Macmahon, and when, on the
iatter's death in 1818, he came, as executor, into possession of some of
his papers, which were compromising to the prince, he at once
delivered them up, conduct which so charmed the regent that he
appointed him to the auditorship of the duchy of Cornwali and of the
duchy of Lancaster, and soon began more and more to consuit him on
matters of business.

§(nighton's firmness of character appeared in his management of Gen
George IV's inextricably confused affairs. In spite of the king's
extravagance, Knighton graduaily reduced his finances to order, caused
the debts to be steadiiy liquidated, and asserted over the king‘s weak
mind an authority which few of the ministers enjoyed.

The king wrote to him as ‘dearest friend,’ signed himself ‘most
affectionateiy yours,’ and gave him written authority to notify the royal
tradesmen that no goods were to be supplied or work done on account

of the privy purse except upon Knighton's orders given in writing.

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eBay iternz‘2535423652 (Ends Jun-14-03 20:00:00 PDT) - 1838 LEATHER 2 ‘... Page 8 of 11 '

.-’n

v.

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J:
I

Knighton had attended him on the continent in 1821, and received the
degree of MJ). from the university of Giittingen, and on the return of the
court to England he was appointed private secretary to the king and
keeper of the privy purse, in succession to Sir Benjamin Bloomfieid.

He thereupon gave up practice on 11 Sept. 1822. He was frequently
employed on confidential missions for the king both at home and
abroad, but their precise nature is unknown, as all his letters on the
subject were destroyed by his widow.

He was sent to Paris in 1823, and in 1824 made three journeys in rapid
succession to Paris, Spain, and Sardinia. ‘At a moment's notice,’ he
writes to his wife, ‘the king has again ordered me abroad - my situation
involves very heavy penaities on me.’ These sudden and toilsome
journeys, continued yearly and often several times a year tili 1825 and
1326, proiaabiy contributed to bring on the severe illness which
overtook him in 1827.

He was highly esteemed by the royal family and by the ministry, having
taken to heart the Duke of Wellington's advice to beware how he
interfered in politics; but he became the object of considerable ili~will,
owing to his undoubted infiuence with the king.

A severe attack was made upon him by T. S. Duncombe in his maiden
speech in the House of commons on 18 Feb. 1828; but Peel met it by a
point-blank denial. The attack appears to have been got up as a joke by

Henry de Ros and Charles Greville; but to Knighton, who was then
abroad and unabie to defend himself, it was very painful.

He attended the king almost night and day during his last illness, was
present even at political interviews in the royal closet, and appears not
only to have been sincerely attached to the king, but aiso to have
esteemed him.

His vigilance prevented Lady Conyngham from profiting by the
temporary disorder at Windsor during the king's illness to lay hands on
any of the royal jewels, and after the king's death on 26 Jan. 1830
Knighton was busily occupied for several months in winding up his
affairs.

He subsequently gave up his house in London and retired into the
country, which suited his failing health better than town. He died,
however, in Stratford Place, Oxford street, London, on 11 Oct. 1836 of
an enlargement of the heart, and was buried at Kensal Green cemetery.

He had considerable taste, especially in painting, very great social tact,
a sound business capacity, and honestly fulfilled the duties of a very
deiicate position.

Though he long heid a position where his court interest might have
commanded almost any favour, he proved himseif greedy neither of
money nor honours, and kept aloof from ali intrigue. He left a widow,
one son, and one daughter."

Source EINB

.. O7/O6/O3


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Article 116 Page 1 of 6

The Times, Jun 29, 1830; pg. 2; Issue 14265; col F
The Late King.
Category: News
Full Text: Copyright 1830, The Times

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gileszeasefi mnnsmrah are it} rest, was hraugisttn ‘§Vin:3Es-m*.,§ 
g '41 fiy»: o’(:}a3<ck yesterday’ marnivg, and takm. at «wires: :3 
i the Paine. 31:; $1 a’cIt:'c»£:$£ a nmnbcr of wfitkman, m;d.;,,. :4
V aim xiircctiam nf %s.!‘+2&§m. Bmting maxi San, xx.-Em haw: m 3:;
wad:-am: the Haytii fuaacrakwtre-ntimitmfl intn the Elamie, b 
sviieazz yixna were 1:mu§fz:. and same 1‘h‘.a=:m‘ing:S am} riirxzca? 
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was, arrangeda, ilzmnpon the a'rris*3”I at‘ the Baku cf‘ 
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Article 116

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mrtain wlmtimrr Hig M::j,es;;; xvii} take up his ahnde in
wrilwir made. It is mid. m 6:: ermt:ra_ry to etiquette ‘ftp:
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£323 tigcww af bias garcdmmarz this is lvruigalgiy an
war. It is uauéti fir; fiat: ncw Etlaizazrm, soon xi,"-I,i:*1' am
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Page 2 of 6

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Article 113 Page 1 °f 2

' 0' . 3; I 14120; col B
TheLEI?c1le:’I|g:rItt1%:,o1|18\fin,gaim hgssfiaeen wounded in a duel with the Baron de Morder, the French
Chargé d'Affaires
Category: News _
Full Text: Copyright 1830, The Tlrhes

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eBay item 922448940 (Ends Nov-24-02 18:53:25 PST) — Lady Maria Conyngham by Sir Thomas Lawrence Page 3 Of 5

I 21:   I

http ://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI. dll?ViewItem&item =92244894O 18/1 1/02


ENGLISH CARICATURE PRINTS (1720 — 1820)

 &    

PRESENTS

English Caricature Prints
2 (1720-1820)

Page 1 of 2

"The Guard Wot Looks after the
Sovereign"

http://haleysteele.com/exhibition/caricatures/plate192.htm1

6/9/00


ENGLISH CARICATURE PRINTS (1720 — 1820) Page 2 of 2

Plate 192

Artist W. Heath
Publisher T. McLean
Published London, 1829
Technique Colored etching

Size 9 ins. X 13 ins.

Fine fresh color. Not in BM. Lady Conyngham:
Commentary the woman pressuring the King to accept Catholic
9 Emancipation.

Price $475
Prices are subject to change without prior notice

 
    

  

 

.

Tale of Next

 

H_’e11§)l..§l_
Steele

   

http://haleysteele.com/exhibitiomcaricatures/platel92.html 6/9/00


Currently Viewing: Conyngham, Lady Elizabeth
Record: 21421

Williams, C.

Ami (fl.1801—1830)

Engraver anon.

 
 
 
  
 
   

awedium etching on
paper

‘Picture . .

2  caricature/satire
type

origesit 6CmS
: :m_ens:on
Date of 823

V Execrition

"Returned from a
Northern Visit";

showing George IV lolling
on a sofa, his arm round
Lady Conyngham who is
rubbing his thigh; Sir
William Curtis is leaning
against the chimneypiece.

© Corporation of London

 Add this image to
basket

 

Image 4 of 4

http://collage.nhi1.con1/Cgi-bin/collage/browsing/collage.pl

Page 1 of 1

 

 

 it I iiilfiefiegfififtfi C

6/9/00


Harp Art — Die Harfe in der Kunst — L...: Portrait Lady Elizabeth Conyngha

Das Titelbild von HARPA
Nr. 29 zeigt ein Bildnis
des Portréitisten und
Malers des Dandyismus
Thomas Lawrence. In
den Jahren um 1821 -
1824 malte er die junge
und schone Lady
Elizabeth Conyngham.
Wahrend sich sonst die
Adelsdamen
vorzugsweise mit einer
prunkvollen grossen
Pedalharfe darstellen
liessen, ist dies eines der
seltenen Bilder, auf
denen eine kleine Harfe
als Attribut in einem
Adelsportrat vorkommt,
und zwar eine
realistische Harfe, nicht
eine Fantasieharfe.

Bildnis Lady Elizabeth
Conyngham, um 1821-
1__824. Thomas Lawrence.
OI auf Leinwand, 91 X 71
cm.

Leseproben. Artikel und
Titelbilder aus HARPA

 

Home I HARPA I Subscribers’ Club l Musical Life I Harp Life I Calendar l Harp News l Harp

L’i|lustration de
couverture de HARPA n°
29 présente un tableau
de Thomas Lawrence,
portraitiste et peintre du
dandysme. Dans les
années 1821-1824, il fit
le portrait de la jeune et
belle Lady Elizabeth
Conyngham. Alors que
les dames de la gentry
préféraient poser avec
une grande harpe a
pédales somptueuse, ce
tableau est |’un des rares
a presenter la petite
harpe comme attribut de
la gentry, il s’agit meme
d’une vraie harpe et non
d’une harpe de fantaisie.

Portrait de Lady Elizabeth
Conyngham, vers 1821-
1824. Thomas Lawrence.
Huile sur toile, 91 X 71
cm.

Articles choisis et pages
ole couverture de HARPA

 

The picture on the cover
of HARPA No. 29 shows
a painting by Thomas
Lawrence, the portraitist
and artist of dandyism.
Around 1821-1824 he
painted the young and
beautiful Lady Elizabeth
Conyngham. While
noblewomen as a rule
preferred to have
themselves depicted with
a splendid, large pedal
harp, this is one of the
rare paintings in which a
small harp — and indeed
a realistic instrument, not
a fantasy harp — appears
as an attribute of nobility.

Portrait of Lady Elizabeth
Conyngham, ca. 1821-
1824. Thomas Lawrence.
Oil on canvas, 91 X 71
cm.

Lissabon, Museu Calouste Gulbenkian.

Sample texts, articles and

Page 2 of 3

cover pictures from
HARPA

Market I Harp Art I Societies I Harp Promotion l Harp Research I Search l Survev

Ef. A "iii $8 zit W e h

Qdilia ‘iieriag AC3 ~ Edition Qdilia ~ Gdiiéa Pubiisrling am
Qernecétstrasse 105, C7}H~4143 Eierrzach. Schweiz; -- Szzésse ~»~» Switzeriarid
"E°ei.»;~«41~81-?91 88 86, Fax +41~6’§«~?’91 88 58

E-Mail: info@harpa.com © Copvridht Odilia

Publishing Ltd.

http://WWW.odi1ia.ch/harp—a.rt/lawrencehtm

6/ 9/00


Harp Art — Die Harfe in der Kunst — L...: Portrait Lady Elizabeth Conyngha Page 1 of 3

Home I HARPA I Subscribers’ Club I Musical Life I Harp Life I Calendar I Harp News I Harp
Market I Harp Art I Societies I Harp Promotion I Ham Research I Search I Survev

 

"i;."i":o1f§’2.aa iiaaa/%;r'e~r“:ee:

géizfiinia Lady Elizabeth Coayaghara, am I82 i~«.l.824~
Per1:z";:‘tit fie ffiarify Elizabeth Ceaynghamg Vera 182 1 ~
I824

?ert_raé: of lady ?E.i%2»::abetb Corryagiaarar ea, .l.821l«l %%2;«<3;

Eine kleine Une petite A small harp as
Harfe als harpe, attribut an attribute of
Adelsattribut de la noblesse nobility

Titelbild Von HARPA Page de couverture de Cover page of HARPA

Nr. 29, Herbst 1998 HARPA N0. 29,

Automne 1999

No. 20, Autumn 1999

http2//www.odilia.ch/harp—art/lawrence.htm A 6/9/00


1 Portrait of Francis Burton

picture Iiiibvrymy V

sea rch

Sitter («'7 Artist 57 Portrait ‘“ _ 

1 Portrait of Francis Burton
Previous I Next

   

Sitter

r 2 NPG 316a(7)

: § Francis Burton

i E by Sir Francis Leggatt Chantrey
‘'4’ Medium: pencil

X 640 mm)

Date: 1824-1825
Primary Collection
Not on display

Usind this imacie on your website
Getting a print of this imade
Licencinq this image

Francis Burton (1744-1832), Politician. Sitter in 1 portrait.

Artist
Sir Francis Leddatt Chantrey (1781-1841), Sculptor. Artist associated with

225 portraits, Sitter in 5 portraits.

http. . ./portrait. asp?search=ss&sText=burto11&LinkID=mpO067 1&rNo=O&ro1e=si 6/7/00

Home I Welcome I What’s new I Search I Collection I Exhibitions I
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Press I Membership I Sponsorship and donations I Venue hire I
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All images and text are subject to g_o_p__y_r_i_gl3_t protection
Last updated: 31 January 2000

Comments and suddestions

National Portrait Gallery
St Martin’s Place
London WC2H OHE
Tel: 020 7306 0055

Page 1 of 1

%é"$%,¥‘tf51;‘§u~€fI:.l€1£”‘t I gitter :‘fia~2 I art:i:s.t ME | .ar;ia-ramcaa aeaagh I search hale

 

Measurements: 19 1/4 in. x 25 1/4 in. (490 mm


Walter Weldon M.P. Page 1 of 1 '
Walter Weldon, M.P.

By Frank Meehan
Extracted from "Laois Yearbook" 1989

Walter Weldon was born in Raheenderry, Queens County on July 1st, 1724, the eldest son of Arthur Weldon of Flaheenderry by his wife
Mary, daughter of the Rt. Rev Dr Anthony Dopping, Lord Bishop of Meath and grand nephew of William Weldon, M.P. for Athy, 1661-1666.
Educated at Athy School and Trinity College Dublin where he was confirmed 1756 with the degree of LLD. He was elected M.P. for Athy 8th
November 1745 in place of James Fitzgerald, Baron of Offaly who had succeeded as 20th Earl of Kildare (later 1st Duke of Leinster).

In October 1762 he was admitted a Free Brother of the Holy Trinity Guild of Merchants of Dublin. He was twice married, first to Mary,
daughter of Colonel John Stewart of Leighlin, Co Carlow (they had one son Stuart). After his wife died he married Anne, daughter of Sir
Samuel Cooke, Baronet of St Catherines Dublin, M.P. for Dublin City. They had one son Samuel and two daughters. Mary the eldest married
Very Rev Thomas French, Dean of Kildare, and Jane, Lt. Col. The Hon. John Creighton. He died 23rd August, 1773.

Stewart Wetdon M.P.

Stewart Weldon, son of Walter Weldon was born in Raheenderry, 6th July, 1750. Educated at Athy and Trinity College, Dublin. He married
1777 the Hon. Elena, daughter of Francis, 2nd Baron Conyngham and sister of Henry, 1st Marguess Conyngham. He was M.P. for Ennis
1783 to 1790 and served as High Sheriff of Queens County in 1779. He died 2nd January 1829.

http ://www.irishmidlandsancestry.com/content/laois/people/weldon_walter.htm O2/1 1/O3


eBay item 910143861 (Ends Oct-06-02 12:09:51 PDT) - MRS. CONYNGHAM,  Page 1 of 7
Q iimmza l fl§}}_§3_i!3lf | site map | 3%‘! = mit
Emma Saki I Snerstilces I   I Eammfunity

g I

  

MRS. CONYNGHAM, by W.H. MOTE after W. ROFS,
Item # 910143861
Art:Prints:Antique (Pre-1900):Portrait

 

Currentlyus $39_00 First bid Us $39.00
Quantity 1 abide: O  ,,,, 

Time left 2 days’ 18 LocationFrankfurt/Main

I hours +

Country Germany
Started §gPr_29_O2 12:09:51mail this auction to a friend
Ends Oct-06-02 12:09:51 gwatch this ital:
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Seller assumes all responsibility for listing this item. You should
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currency is U.S. dollars ( US $ ) unless otherwise noted.

Description

  

Wonderful steel engraving from the

  
 

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eBay item 910143861 (Ends Oct-06-02 12:09:51 PDT) — MRS. CONYNGHAM,  Page 2 of 7

19th century showing the wonderful
Lady Conyngham.

The item is inscribed at the lower margin:"Mrs.
Conyngham; Sir William C. Rofs R.A.; W.H. Mote"

The item is in good condition. Minor foxing to the
sheet

Size of sheet: 9.2 x 6.5 inches (23.5 x 16.5 cm); Size
of image: 5.1 x 9.7 inches (13 x 9.5 cm)

NO RESERVE!

GUARANTEE: The item is guaranteed to be as described above
unless explicitly stated otherwise.

Furthermore we guarantee the AUTHENTICITY of all items
we sell and take full RESPONSIBILITY.

CONDITION: If the item is described as restored it has been
done with the highest skilfulness by a professional restorer so that
the originality of the item is preserved.

METHODS OF PAYMENT: We accept wire transfer to bank
account, PayPal (credit card payment possible using PayPal. You
can register for free at www.paypal.com), Money Order/Cashiers
Check (checks must be verified before shipping and cost an
additional fee of US$6.50). If you prefer any other methods of
payment please contact me before the closing of the item.
METHODS OF SHIPPING: We ship internationally using National
German Post for fastest delivery of your purchase. Shipping,
handling and insurance will be calculated individually for each
item or if you buy several items together for one package. Your
item(s) will be packed with special effort and care in water-
resistant paper. Our shipping department is always keen to
guarantee the perfect state of your item when it is delivered to

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eBay item 910143861 (Ends Oct-06-02 12:09:51 PDT) - MRS. CONYNGHAM,  Page 4 of 7

http ://cgi.ebay.com/ws/eBayISAPI.dll?ViewItem&item =91O 143861 04/10/02


 

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eBay item 910143861 (Ends Oct-O6

   

       

   

 

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- MRS. CONYNGHAM,  Page 5 of 7

EL_e,§ C10_lJ.[1E_§.lLSJ2Q¥V_€.F_€_C1.b_iL_/.\Li_C1__§?_LE§1

Payment Details

Payment Instructions

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item description, or contact seller
for more information.

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O4/10/O2


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ROYAL GQi..flSMi”i“HS: THE ART QF RUi‘§§§Li... 8; gfiiflfifi ‘i?§?»-
“$830

Ciose Window

EXl"libiTlOl'l Ol"gEil"ll8@Ci by Kooprnan F-tere Art

The artistic iegecy of one of the greatest creators of siiver and gold in iire nineteenth century
will be presented in e landmark exhibition at iiooprrreri Rare Art, the siiver dealers on i.ondon’s
Chancery Leno, irorn done is to July i, 2005. With icons from Her Majesty the Qrieert, iite
Victoria & Albert iViLtSeLil’Ti end the Bevonshire Coiiection at ifihatsworth, the ieyishiy iliostreted
book which accompanies the exhibition, with a foreword by l~iis Royai Highness "i“he Prince oi
Wales, wiii be sold in aid of ieedlng youth charity, Tbe Prince's Trust. fintry is free.

This wiil be the first exhibition to be devoted to the firm wbo held ibe Qoyai Warrant from 1797
until 1843, serving four rrzonerchs: King George ill, and his son the Prince Regent (tater George
N), William iv and the young Queen Victoria. ivlegniilcent siiver centerpieces, jeweiieryi
sriuttboxes, watches, military decorations and dazziing presentation swords wit! teli the story oi
fine dining in the period, iiiostrate the superb taste and the tescineting litestyie of the Prince
Regent, and document the history oi one or the roost seccessiul, international businesses or
the century‘ Such was their reputation around the world that during his preparations to invade
Engiend Nepoieon had promised the shop as piunder tor tire first of his lviarsbals to capture
London‘ The exhibition wiii bring together some of rite most dazzling exempies or the work
which made Rundeii and Bridges premises in Liidgere Hili a meeting place for the tashionabie,

Among the nine objects ioened by Her ivieiesty The Queen is be a sumptuous giided tween in
the form or e sheii, ordered by King George iv in i826 and still used for state banquets. George
lV showered his family and friends wltit goid snob‘ boxes, rings and other jewels from Rundeits
such as an exquisite ring embellished with his portrait, inscribed \/EVE LE‘ RSI, tent by the
Chatsworth $ettiement Trustees, and er ruby and erriereid pendant given by him to Lady
Londonderry at his coronation in i82i. For his mistress, Lady Conynghem, the King lavished
even more spectacnier presents from mndeirs, including an imposing ormolu figure of himseli
on horseback, which is being lent by Lady Conynghame descendants. A contemporary
cartoon, aiso included in the exhibition, depicts Lady Conynghern in Ftundell’s shop buying
ieweiiery.

w

A sumptuous pair of rnoniimentei ewers rnede tor Britairfs Atbbessador to France in the 18203,
the celebrated grandee the Duke of Northorriberland, wiii eiso be shown. Made in gilded sliver,
the itanoiies are formed from the arched body oi oi nymph, her arm raised as she hoids up a
mirror before her face as the wine tiows irorn a spout formed from s curled teat.

Qne oi the most celebrated exemoies oi neociesslcai art, the magnificent Shield of Achilles,
will be tent from an Erigiish private coiiection, Approximately a metre in diameter: it depicts
scenes from the Troien Wars,

{Ether highiights iricioded in the 50 or so exhibits will be a magnificent pair of large silver-gilt
cups and covers made by Richard Cooke for Rundeirs in “E883, with hendtes iormed irom the
entwlning baoits of a pair of slim serpents, and a solid gold cup and cover presented by George
iv to Lord Orrnonde tor his role as Chief Boiler at the 182i coronation, ient by the \/&A. A
snultbox with the head of George iv, made irom part of a rnedievei oak. beam removed during
the Kings restoration of Windsor Cestie in the 18208 (a ioen from Lore St John of Fewsley) will
also be included. A magnificent sword presented to Major General Eyre Coote from the Officers

of the lrisb Sragoons in ‘W9? and decorated with exquisite enanteiling, ecenthlis ieeyess
Wreaths and sprays of laurel and oeir Wiii be shown.

To accompany the exitlbition, a sumptiiousiy iilirstreted history of Ftnndell & Bridge by
Christopher i-iartop will be pobiished with a foreword by HRH The Prince of Weiss. With essays
by Philippe Ctienviile, Diane Soerisbrick, Charles Truman, Professor David Waikln and Mathew

Winterbottorn oi the Royal Collection, its sale proceeds will go to the youth charity the §>rince’s
Trust,

Tuesday Nth June to Friday 1st July 2005

Qpenirto times: Mon~«Sel ~§G:«0() em to 5.00 pm (Ciosed on Sundays)


Exhibition Venue:

Telephone:

Email:

Catalogue:

Website:

53454 Chancery Lane
London, WC2A N28

020 7242 7624

enqulriaséfirarearilondzmcom

A caialogue by Christopher Hariop is available. Published by John
Adamson anci forward by His Royal Highness thes Prince of Wales,
The net proceeds of the sale of the book wili benefit the Prince‘s
Trust. 5;‘. 19.95 plus £33.50 9843

wwwirareartiondoncom


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Important Silver, Objects of Vertu and Russian Works
of Art

New York, Sale Sate Oct 19, 2004
Rockefeller

Plaza

994 Sam Number 1422

MARK OF PHILIP RUNDELL, LONDON, 1822

A PAIR OF GEORGE IV SILVER DINNER PLATES
2,000 - 3,000 U.S. dollars

4,182.50 U.S. dollars


§3§‘e-§fiE Text THE PROPERTY OF A NEW YORK COLLECTOR

iueic §@§i£:§‘§§‘€§fl§"§ A PAIR OF GEORGE IV SILVER DINNER PLATES

MARK OF PHILIP RUNDELL, LONDON, 1822

Each shaped circular, with gadrooned border and
leaves at intervals, the rim engraved with a Marquess's
armorials and Royal arms, each marked on reverse

9 7/8 in. (25.1 cm.) diameter; 35 oz. 10 dwt. (1107
gt) (2)

Wizwemamce Victor George Henry Francis, 5th Marquess
Conyngham, sold Christie's, London, 10 February,
1938, lot 25 (two of twelve)

amt iiéetes The arms are those of Conyngham quartering Denison,
as borne by Henry (Conyngham), 1st Marquess
Conyngham (1766-1832) and his wife, Elizabeth
(Denison), Marchioness Conyngham (cl. 1861).

The Marchioness Conyngham (d. 1861) was the last
mistress of George IV, and he was the last on her list
of noteworthy lovers which included Henry Lord
Ponsonby and Tsar Nicholas 1. (Saul David, Prince of
Pleasure, 1998, pp. 390, 421-22). Dubbed the ''English
Pompadour," she exerted great influence over the King
and capitalized upon her personal friendship to secure
positions for her family and friends. Whether she
stayed with the King at Windsor or at Brighton, she
was encouraged to conduct herself as mistress of the
household. She frequently used the King's horses and
carriage, wore the Crown Sapphires, and had meals for
her private dinner parties prepared at St. James‘s
Palace. The privileges she enjoyed while mistress
ended with the King's death only a few years later, and
the Marquess and Marchioness faded into the
background of society.

Three second course dishes and a pair of meat dishes,
also engraved with the Royal arms and thoselof the
1st Marquess Conyngham, by Philip Rundell, 1822,
sold at Christie's, London, 10 February, 1938.

CAPTION: Lady Conyngham, mistress of George IV,
with Philip Rundell, inside Rundell, Bridge & Rundell,
32 Ludgate Hill, published by S.W. Fores, 1822

IMPORTANT NOTICE

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Greenwich 2000: George IV

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http://heritage.greenwieh2000.com/Vip/monarchs/georgeiv.htm

 

Page 1 of 3

 

[*2/J?.£.s] [ I
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KING GEORGE IV
1820 - 1830

George Augustus Frederick, born 12 August 1762, was
created Prince of Wales in 1762. In 1785 he married
Maria Anne Fitzherbert, a Roman Catholic. The marriage
was illegal, however; and in 1795, to secure
parliamentary settlement of his enormous debts, he made
a political marriage with Caroline of Brunswick. He ‘
married Princess Caroline of Brunswick (1768-1821) in
1795. He ascended to the thrones of Great Britain and
Hanover, as King George IV, on 29 January, 1820, and
was crowned on 19 July 1821. He died 26 June 1830.

The couple had one child: Charlotte, born 7 January,
1796. Princess Charlotte married Prince Leopold of Saxe—
Coburg on 2 May, 1816. She died in childbirth of a
stillborn son on 6 November 1817.

In constant and open opposition to his father, George
associated closely with the Whigs. As a result, when
George III had his first serious fit of insanity in 1788-89,
the Tory William Pitt proposed that the regency vested in
the prince be closely restricted (to prevent George
bringing his Whig friends to power), while Fox, usually
the opponent of royal prerogative, wanted the prince to
have unlimited powers as regent.

In 1811, after the king had become permanently
incapacitated, George became regent on terms very
similar to those proposed by Pitt in 1788. However, when
the limitations on his power to make appointments and
spend crown revenues were removed in 1812, the prince
regent retained most of his father's ministers, breaking
his connection with the Whigs.

The Tories, under the leadership of the 2nd Earl of

Liverpool for most of the period, remained entrenched in power
throughout the regency and Georges subsequent reign. As regent and as
king, George was hated for his extravagance and dissolute habits, and he
aroused particular hostility by an unsuccessful attempt, immediately after
his accession (1820) to the throne, to divorce his long—estranged wife,
Caroline.

During his reign the monarchy lost a significant amount of power. George
was succeeded by his brother William W.

§“‘Eme§§ee

10/19/00


George IV Page 1 of 4

 

Spartacus Educational USA History British History Guardian Education Email,

George IV

George, the eldest son of _§eg;jg_g___11l, was born in 1762. George rebelled against his
father's strict discipline. At the age of eighteen he became involved with an actress, l%’E'rs,
Ferdita Reéaénerm. This was followed by a relationship with Lady l‘v«’_§el%rmrm.e. The
Prince of Wales also rebelled against his father's political Views. Whereas Ge._grge,,111
preferred Tory ministers, George, Prince of Wales, was friendly with the Wlzigs, Charles
Fox and Richard Sheridan.

http://www.spartacus . schoolnet.co.uk/PRgeorgeIV.htm 10/19/00


George IV Page 2 of 4

In 1784 the Prince of Waies, met a fell in love with l\v.’Irs. ’;\/Iaria §=.7"it£§§er*§iert, a 
@1913. Fitzherbert refused to become his mistress and eventually George agreed to
marry her. The marriage was kept a secret as under the terms of 17 72. Royal .l\/Iarriages
Act, it was illegal for a member of the royal family to marry a Qngan Catholic.

By the 1780s the Prince of Wales had become a gambler, a womanizer and a heavy
drinker. He was deeply in debt and when Parliament agreed to increase his allowance,
George III remarked that it was "a shameful squandering of public money to gratify the
passions of an ill—advised young man."

The Prince of Wales continued to overspend and my 1795 he had debts of £650,000. In
an effort to persuade Parliament to pay off his debts, George agreed to marry his cousin,
Cartiiiue of Ifirtmswieiwi. After the birth of a daughter, Prineess éilraflette, on 7th
January 1796, the couple lived apart.

In 181 suffered another bout of insanity. He was no longer able to
continue with his royal duties and thePrince of Wales was appointed regent. For years the
Prince of Wales had been making promises to the Whigs that he would favour their party
when he replaced his "fly father. However, this did not happen, and he quickly became
an ultra Tory supporting the policies of  his government.

In his youth the Prince of Wales agreed with his friend Charles Fox about the unfairness
of the laws that discriminated against Roman Catholics and Protestant Nonconformists.
Once in power George changed his views and became a strong opponent of Catholic
Emancipation. He also abandoned his support for those Whigswho were arguing for
parliamentary reform.

ThePrince of Wales was impressed by the work of the architect, John Nash. He
commissioned him to design Regent's Park and its environs of curved terraces. He also
arranged for Nash to create  of Buckingham House and the
rebuilding of the Royal Pavilion at Brighton.

On the death of his father in 1820 George became king. Caroline returned to England to
claim her rights as Queen. George W persuaded Lord Livegpool and his government to
bring in an Act of parliament to deprive her of the title Queen and to declare the marriage
"for ever wholly dissolved, annulled and made void". The Whigs opposed the measure
and their were public demonstrations against the new king.

Queer: Camiirae appeared at George's coronation but she was turned away from the
doors of Westminster Abbey. This resulted in further public demonstrations but this
came to an end when Caroline died suddenly on 7th August 1821.

George's indulgent lifestyle seriously damaged his health. By the 1820s he was extremely
overweight and was addicted to both alcohol and laudanum. George EV’ also began
showing signs of insanity. He told people that he had been a soldier and insisted he had
fought at the Battle of Waterloo. The king became more and more a recluse at Windsor
Castle and eventually died in 1830.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRgeorgeIV.htm 10/ 19/00


George IV Page 3 of 4

  

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The Prince Regent's Privy Purse

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http://www.brabazon.org.uk/brabl 1.htm 

Page 1 of 4

Brabazon
and the Ellis, Heaton and Walker

families

 

The Prince Regent's Privy Purse

The Prince Regent, the future King George IV, pursued pleasure and,
while chronically short of money, managed to spend what he had or
could borrow on gambling and entertaining. And for this he had built his
own pleasure palace, The Royal Pavilion, in Brighton, which in those
days was a considerable journey away from his father who despised him
when he had time to think of his eldest son between bouts of the many
illnesses that afflicted him.

Prinny, as the less respectful called him, liked to invite new faces to the
Pavilion in an effort, no doubt, to improve his fortunes. Despite
Benjamin B1oomfield's own circumstances the Prince took an immediate
liking to him and appointed him Gentleman-Attendant and later Chief
Equerry and Clerk Marshall. He thus joined the small band of courtiers
who surrounded the Prince and protected him both from the King's
anger and the increasing disapproval of the people of the country. The
people thought him idle and pleasure—loving which was undoubtedly
true but little different from other members of the aristocracy. They also
sided with Princess Caroline of Brunswick whom the Prince had married
in order to increase his income, as much as for any other reason. They
had shared a bed for a very short time, enough to engender their
daughter Charlotte, but thereafter the Prince seemed to spend much of

his time trying to find evidence of Caroline's infidelity so that he could
divorce her.

In 1817 Sir John MacMahon resigned and was succeeded by the now Sir
Benjamin as Receiver-General of the Duchy of Lancaster and Keeper of
the Privy Purse. In other words he both controlled the sources of the
Prince's income and the spending of it. A responsible but difficult
employment especially as the Prince was by now in love with Lady

Elizabeth Conyngham who was 50 and the Prince 58 when he at last
inherited the throne in 1820.



Lady Elizabeth was the daughter and
sole heir of William Denison, a banker
and was therefore herself rich but this
did not stop her craving the jewellery
which the King was happy to supply.

  

30/O7/O2


The Prince Regent's Privy Purse

 
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http://www.brabazon.org.uk/brabl l.htm

He even insisted on giving her some of
the crown jewels which the Keeper of the Privy Purse resisted. The King
and his Keeper fell out and the former began a Search for some suitable
employment for Benjamin, preferably far from London. Refusing the
Governorship of Ceylon, Benjamin eventually settled for His Majesty's
Ambassadorship to Sweden, sweetened two years later by his gracious
acceptance of the title of Baron Bloomfield of Ciamaltha, Co Tipperary. I

remember his portrait as Ambassador and Minister Plenipotentiary as a
schoolboy and which I reproduce on the left.

In Sweden Benjamin became a convert to Wesleyism and turned to good
works. He was already Colonel Commandant of the Royal Regiment of
Artillery and later he became Governor of Fort Charles, Jamaica and
finally Commandant of Woolwich Arsenal itself. Here he set up schools

for the children of the gunners and was much concerned with the
welfare of the men and their families.

By and large, despite a bit of luck initially first with Captain Wilmot
and then in Brighton, he seems to have been a worthy and even
competent man with rather more ability than most at that time.

His importance to my story, in case you were wondering, is that he had a
son and three daughters, the eldest, Harriet Ann, married into a family
of Saxon and Norman ancestry who had lived at the same place in
Gloucestershire for at least 500 years. They are the 

liigggscggte and Harriet was my great-great—grandmother and her portrait
hangs in my office now.

30/07/02

Page 2 of 4


The Prince Regent's Privy Purse Page 3 01:4

The Main Thread 


   

The Main Thread

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Reterne [ Losing: a Fer‘l;ur1eW. | ’§.‘he Man Who chémsged hi8 Name | The P<><:ke‘t V'emf:S and an Irish
Efiemanee I The Prince Regent's Privv P’u1'se | The Kingseotes of Kingzsscmte | }5‘eu.z‘ Orphazeed S0215

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The Walker Thread

The Manche.s;ie:' Me§el1ant I The Walkers of Sa:1dhL1tton”l Sir‘ Robert. l\/lilo Waikez“ I Private Rafivvays
21:16: Eire B1fi,qades_e I The E’a§'mes :33” N aburn

Chronologies
An lrisgh C!‘1r0;':eEc>gV I Three Australian Chronelegzies I Exeatexx Famillv Dates

Please send any comments to brab (CE? brabazee.er2:.uk
http://www.brabazon.org.uk/brabll.htm 30/07/02