THE PLACE-N%%AMES

/ _
OF ' ,7’

KENT

BY

   

J. K. WALLENBERG .2

   

3‘

 

   

\
A \
/ 3 \
/ V
/

UPPSALA 1934
APPELBERGS BOKTRYCKERIAKTIEBOLAG

  

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Introduction.

The place-names in Kent treated in the present work approach
the number of 4.000. All parish-names and hundred names are
here included; in so far as the names of places of lesser impor-
tance are found recorded in forms earlier than the modern ones,
their origin is also inquired into. Several hundred Kentish place-
names, namely those -already recorded in charters dated before
the Conquest, have been dealt with in Kentish- Place-Names,
my previous book on Kentish place-name matters, published in
,.1931.’ A considerable number of these place-names _are here
again taken up for discussion. In order to escape further swelling
the bulk of this large book I have here given only a refer znce
to any earlier work in the case of such names that do not, in my
opinion, require a renewed discussion or to which I am unable
to give a better interpretation than the one already suggested.

Comparative material, intended to further the elucidation of
the names discussed, is copiously given, but completeness of such
material is not aimed at. Consideration of space has often acted
as a restrictive force.

I am the first to admit the usefulness and deplore the omis-
sion of the lists of elements suggested by the author to.form
part of the names discussed. Referring to consideration of space
and large printing costs, I beg the reader to excuse me from the
publication of these extensive comprehensive lists, the absence
of which I hope will not be too strongly felt.

The arrangement of the material is the same as the one met
with in the publications of the Place~Name Society; the hundreds
are disposed in the same order as in Hasted’s History of Kent..
A number of parishes which formerly belonged to Kent, but
_ now are incorporated into the administrative area of the county

‘ The reader is kindly requested also to take part of the information
given in the Introduction to this book.

 


rv J. K. Wallenberg

of London are included here. As regards the hundred names, I
wish to draw attention to the circumstance that, when the
hundred name still lives on as a place-narme,'I have not always
made a strict distinction between the early forms as referring
to the hundred or to the place respectively.‘-

I refrain here from discussing the dialectal traits that may be

‘traceable in the early place-name forms. As a matter of fact,

small information as regards the Kentish dialect may be gleaned
from this source. It may perhaps be mentioned that the place-
name forms throw no light upon the ME development of the OE
long diphthongs éa and éo (to), which are generally believed to
have developed otherwise in Kentish than in the other English
dialects during this period.

The local nomenclature of Kent is of a decidedly unmixed
native type. Apart from the names of a small number of rivers,
the names of Keltic origin may almost be counted on the five

fingers of the hand. Scandinavian influence is practically nil. -»

The number of names of French origin is rather inconsiderable.
The .pr-actically unmixed character of the early place-name
material is an obvious advantage to the interpreter that tends to
facilitate his work. But he is, on the other hand, owing to the
fact that the more important names are as a rule among the
oldest of the English place-names and often contain elements
of an obscure, archaeic character, personal names or topo-
graphical designations, frequently confronted with very consi-
derable difficulties. When he suggests his interpretations, he

‘must therefore sometimes have recourse to unsafe explana-

tions,-not seldom also leave the choice open between two or more
alternative possibilities.

Names that from various points of view are of great interest
abound in Kent. I cannot here pick a choice of the best avplumsr;
a selection among them would be more or less arbitrary. May
the interested reader make a tour of inspection of his own through
the pages of the book, and he will discover a good number.

1 I include here some forms (Langebrige 1086 DB; c. 1100 Dom Mon;
Langebrug’, -bregg' 1226 Ass; Langebr’, -brigge 1240 Ass; Langebregge 1253-4
FeesKn, etc.) of the hundred name of Longbridge, the meeting-place pre-
sumably being at Longbridge Bridge in Willesborough, v. pp. 403, 421. By
oversight these forms were left out in the Material part. -— Self-explanatory.

 

 

 
 

4.

W3-gn—‘_........¢'_._¢,, ..,v.-T.‘ an. ._._

Th

.A general problem ti
preter is the question a
pret the first element .
certain opposition has
too facile inclination to
names as OE pers. nan
the very copious assm
chiefly of a monothem
names that has hitherto
scholars, has of late ga
expression in two paper
who thinks that it In:
established that pers. n
part in the formation c

A nerally believed. Zachr

number of monothemat
dent use is much less th
dithematic names. His

expected that about tht
pers. names may also
which presumably is a

prehensive study of t]
brought to light only a 1
tie pers. names that are
From this he concludes

names that are not evil
a part of place-names, 11
great majority of place-n
generally been interpret-
names of the monothem
otherwise, mostly as top
cal designations. No dou
sumption of large heaps
names is sound. But it
Zachrisson has not been
negation of the possibili
by the side of the acti
considerable and even la]
same type, names that al


 r

hundred names, I
3 that, when the

I have not always T‘

'orms as referring

traits that may be
a matter of fact,
ct may be gleaned
ed that the place-
opment of the OE
ierally believed to
the other English

lecidedly unmixed
number of rivers,
unted on the five
is practically nil.
ier inconsiderable.
early place-name
reter that tends to
and, owing to the
a rule among the
L contain elements

names or topo-
. with very consi-
interpretations, he
n unsafe explana-
tween two or more

e of great interest
' the best zoplums»;
ss arbitrary. May
)f his own through
good number.

; c. 1100 Dom Mon;
s; Langebregge 1253-4
he meeting-place pre-
, v. pp. 403, 421. By
L —- Self-explanatory.

 

The Place-Names‘ of Kent v

.A general problem that again and again ‘confronts the inter-
preter is the question as to what extent we are entitled to inter-
pret the first element of a place-name as a personal name. A
certain opposition has from time to time been voiced against a
too facile inclination to explain the first parts of English place-.
names as OE pers. names, v. Redin p. III. This reaction against
the very copious assumption of unauthenticated pers. names,
chiefly of a monothematic character, as the first e]. of place-
names that has hitherto been made by most English place-name
scholars, has of late gained force strongly and especially found
expression in two papers in StNPh V and VI by Prof. Zachrisson
who thinks that it may be systematically and fundamentally
established that pers. names have played a much more modest
part in the formation of place-names than has so far been ge-
nerally believed. Zachrisson strongly stresses the fact that the
number of monothematic personal names recorded in indepen-
dent use is much less than the number of similarly authenticated
dithematic names. His conclusion is that it may be reasonably
expected that about the same proportion of thetwo types of
pers. names may also prevail in place-names the first el. of
which presumably is a pers. name. He points out that a com-
prehensive study of the accessible place-name material has
brought to light only a comparatively small number of dithema-
tic pers. names that are not also evidenced in independent use.
From this he concludes that the number of monothematic pers.
names that are not evidenced in independent use, but only as
a part of pl-ace-names, must be proportionally insignificant. The
great majority of p1ace—names the first els of which hitherto have
generally been interpreted as, very often unauthenticated, pers.
names of the monothematic type he therefore prefers to explain
otherwise, mostly as toponymics, the first els being topographi-
cal designations. No doubt this reaction against the excessive pre-.
sumption of large heaps of pers. names evidenced only in place-
names is sound. But it may, however, be questioned whether
Zachrisson has not been too radical in his underrating and even
negation of the possibility that in OE there may have existed,
by the side of the actually recorded monothematic names, a
considerable and even large number of unrecorded names of the
same type, names that also may form part of place-names. The

 

 


VI J. K. Wallenberg

dithematic names are from the beginning -personal names pro-
per. They are names of a conventional and official type. It is
natural that names of this character are very numerous in the
lists of signatories in the OE charters which are the official
documents of the period and the chief sources from which we
draw our knowledge of OE personal names. The monothematic
names on the other hand, at least the majority of them, are
probably not originally personal names proper, but pet- or nick-
names. Many of these names became in course of time personal
names proper. But it does not seem too hold to assume that a
great number of these names did not rise to the status of recog-
nized and established personal names proper, but remained
nickname designations. We have 'no records of OE nicknames,
only sporadical and occasional mentionings of such names.
This does not, of course, exclude the possibility that even at a
very early date great numbers of such names may have existed,
even though it is impossible to give the recorded and definite
proof for this. The incompleteness and one-sidedness of the OE
sources of designations for human beings denies us the right to
doubt the possibility that numerous names of this type may once
have existed in OE. Place-names may very well contain such
designations for human beings. _

As shown by Redin, p. 184 ff., the frequency of monothematic
pers. names was greater‘ in the earlier than in the 1-ater periods
of OE. ‘(Fhis is probably an indication of the possibility that in
pre-literary times, that is in the period when the greater part
of the place-names discussed were formed, the popularity of this
type of pers. names was even greater. Owing to this tendency
of comparative impopularity of this type of names lots of mo-
nothematic pers. names may therefore later have been irretriev-
ably lost as independent names. But we may_wel1 expect such
names to be conserved and couched in place-names formed in
the pre-literary period of ‘OE. '

Redin has also pointed out that there are indications of a so-
cial distinction between the names of the dithematic and the
monothematic type, the former quite likely being more popular
among the higher classes of society, the latter among the com-
mon people. Of course place-names may contain the names of
persons belonging to the higher social strata. But it does not

 

-—+r~—’:4—-—»'--4‘; _

1?‘ H  .,

'1

seem unwarranted to :
rural places may to a
or names of people‘ of
. All these considerat
place-name student is
a considerable degrea
personal names, also :
use, may enter place
than the one that pre
names as recorded inc
Uncompounded and
numerous in Kent. T]
merous —ingtun group 5
the names of this grou
same is also true of 1
bases of the names
groups of compounded
human beings. I hav-
also. But the alternati‘
designation for a hum:
perhaps mostly, prefer:
names in -ingas and
bases containing a dit
tain a plural element (
possible that from a
meaningless name that
racteristic traits of the
ningas, denoting the so:

i Obviously such format:

the other hand, the has

'or a nickname, the mea

time of the -ing forma
fomn from this base a f
a group of men jointl
common noun or nickr
It is quite possible th
Wuldaham type are be
The investigation of
indicate that an interpi


.".'1s'.j'.,f

 

 

rsonal names pro-
official type. It is
' numerous in the
:h are the official
ts from which we
The monothematic
rity of them, are
, but pet— or nick-
e of time personal
to assume that a
re status of recog-
er,_ but remained
)f OE nicknames,
; of such names.
ty that even at a
may have existed,
rded and definite
.edness of the OE
as us the right to
us type may once
vell contain such

of monothematic
the later periods
possibility that in
the greater part
popularity of this
to this tendency
ames lots of mo-
ve been irretriev—
well expect such
iames formed in

lications of a so-
hematic and the
rig more popular
among the com-
in the names of
But it does not

‘-7-. .444 —-«———-——~;————ILA «———.‘,A- ._

 

{L

The Place-Names of Kent vn

seem unwarranted to assume that names of more or less obscure
rural places may to a high percentage contain the designations
or names of people. of a humble origin.

. All these considerations seem to tend in the direction that a
place-name student is entitled and even compelled to reckon to
a considerable degree with the possibility that monothematic

A personal names, also such as are not evidenced in independent

use, may enter place-names in a proportion more favourable
than the one that prevails between the two types of personal
names as recorded independently. '

Uncompounded and compounded place-names in -ing are very
numerous in Kent. Their total number is ca. 300. Of the nu-
merous -ingtun group some names must contain a pers. name; all
the names of this group may be derivatives of pers. names. The
same is also true of the large group of —ingdenn names. The
bases of the names belonging to more_ sparingly represented
groups of compounded -ing names may also be designations of
human beings. I have frequently suggested other alternatives
also. But the alternative that the base of the first el. may be a
designation for a human being (or human beings) seems often,
perhaps mostly, preferable. —— It is a well-known fact that place-
names in -ingas and -ingaham are very seldom derived from
bases containing a dithematic pers. name. These names con-

tain a plural element denoting a group of men. It is of course\

possible that from a pers. name of the type of Wulfstan, a
meaningless name that cannot have had a bearing on the cha-
racteristic traits of the individual so named, a plural WuIfsta-
ningas, denoting the sons or people of Wulfstan, may be formed.

' Obviously such formations were, however, not common. If, on

the other hand, the base was a common noun denoting a person
or a nickname, the meaning of which was still unobscured at the
time of the -ing formation presumed, it seems quite natural to
form from this base a formally similar collective name, denoting
a group of men jointly characterized by the meaning of the
common noun or nickname. '

It is quite possible that names of the Leana-, Meapa—, Mersa-,
Wuldaham type are best explained in a similar way.

The investigation of the names one by one seems to me to
indicate that an interpretation on these lines gives, as a rule,

 


vm . J. K. Wallenberg

more plausible solutions for the difficult names than an explana-
tion that tries to account for the names as toponymics. In my
attempts at an interpretation of the Kentish'place-names I have
tried both ways to unveil the origin of the names, but I do not
hesitate to pronounce in most cases in favour of the former
alternative.

No doubt the topographical scrutiny is indispensable. - But
pitfalls lurk here at the investigator's every step, and his
triumphant cry of »Eureka» may be ejaculated on insufficient
grounds. He is in danger of finding too easily what he is on the
look-out for, for he may trip over the anticipated topographical
feature almost anywhere. He may, e. g., look for a hill or a hole
in the ground; his search will no doubt be successful almost
everywhere. The country is very seldom flat as a pancake, but
is generally intersected with hills and valleys or hollows, swellings
and depressions of the ground being not far between. This is at
least the normal type of the Kentish landscape. It is therefore
very often difficult, even impossible to establish whether the
place-names discussed may have a bearing on the topographical
features of the places and their surroundings or not.

It seems to me highly doubtful whether the attempt at a
wholesale slaughter of the personal names not evidenced in inde-
pendent use has definitely done away with them; they are prob-
ably like the cat that is said to have nine lives. It is also easier
to account for the non--appearance in later times of personal
names or nicknames of a more or less ephemeral character. It
seems more difficult to explain the non-appearance in indepen-
dent use of a rich multitude of common nouns used as topo-
graphical designations. They must have been intimate ingre-
dients of the living vocabulary of the language and as such ex-
pected to be comparatively tenacious of life.

I am no enthusiastic defender of the once existence of a host
of conjectured personal names and designations. At the same
time I cannot see that much is gained by the raising of a levy of
un-authenticated or badly evidenced topographical designations
to take the place of the other host. Formally it is much of a
muchness of hypothesizing. General considerations coupled with
the weighing of the pros and cans in the individual cases have
by and by led me towards the admission that the human ele-

 

 

.4
'1

-. -gf.

The

ment was probably g.
place-names than I once
views upheld by most 1
when they set in on anti
tion or on a taking-for
many valuable results, b
present thinking, been to.
fore often to have misse
Kentish place-name ma
with the possibility th;
discussed may be a hun
the same time for th
graphical, alternatives.

Uppsala, (February-)


3 than an explana-
lponymics. In my
lace-names I have
mes, but I do not
aur of the former

ndispensable. . But
ry step, and his

:ed on insufficient .

what he is on the
ated topographical
for a hill or a hole
successful almost
as a pancake, but
* hollows, ‘ swellings
etween. This is at
pe. It is therefore
ll)llSh whether the
the topographical
or not. »
the attempt at a
evidenced in inde-
:m; they are prob-
s. It is also easier
times of personal
1eral character. It
arance in indepen-
uns used as topo-
an intimate ingre-
;e and as such ex-

axistence of a host
.ons. At the same
'aising of a levy of
)hica1 designations
.y it is much of a
lti‘0IlS coupled with
lividual cases have
at the human ele-

 

 

ha‘!

The Place-Names of Kent Ix

ment was probably greater and stronger in the formation of
p1ace—names than I once believed. The attacks on the traditional
views upheld by most place-name scholars are no doubt- sound
when they set in on an often too free’ and easy w-ay of argumenta-
tion or on a taking-for-granted attitude and have also attained
many valuable results, but the criticism proffered has also, to my
present thinking, been too sweeping and dogmatic and seems there-
foreoften to have missed its mark. In my interpretations of the
Kentish place—name material I have therefore often reckoned
with the possibility that the base of first el. of the names
discussed may be a human designation, keeping the eye open at
the same time for the eventuality of other, especially topo-
graphical, alternatives. '

Uppsala, (February-) August,'1934.
J. K. Wallenberg.

 


 

 

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Bibliography.

I.

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xn J. K. Wallenberg

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¥
.'
I

‘I
I
-2

 
 

l
I

' ~‘ es.


..

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London 1912 ff.

Lib: Calendar of the liberate rolls 1226-40. London 1916.

LibR: Rotuli de liberate ac de misis et przestitis. London 1844.

LitC: Literaa Cantuarienses: the letter-books of the monastery of
Christ Church Canterbury. London 1887-89.

LVD: Liber vitae ecclesiae Dunelmensis. 1841 and 1923.

OET: The Oldest English Texts, ed. H. Sweet. EETS 83. London 1885.

OM 1801: The Ordnance Survey maps for Kent.

Orig: Rotulorum originalium in curia scaccarii abbreviatio. London
1805-10.

P: Pipe Rolls. Magnus rotulus scaccarii 31 Hen. I, ed. J. Hunter. Lon-

' don 1833. —- The great roll of the pipe, 2, 3, 4 Hen. II, ed. J.
Hunter. London 1844. -—- The great roll of the pipe. Pipe Boll
Soc. London 1884 ff.

Pap: Calendar of entries in the papal registers relating to Great Britain.
London 1893 ff.

Pati Patent rolls of the reign of Henry III. London 1901-3. —— Calen-
dar of patent rolls, 1232 ff. London 1891 ff.

PatR: Rotuli litterarum patentium, 1201-16. London 1835.

Peck: Registrum epistolarum fratris J. Peckham, Archiepiscopi Can-
tuariensis. London 1882-5. ’

Pensh: HMVC report on MSS preserved at Penshurst Place. London
1925.

QW: Placita de quo warranto temporibus Edward I——jIII. London
1818.

RBE: The red book of the exchequer, ed. H. Hall. London 1896.

RC: Rotuli chartarum, 1199-1216. London 1837.

Reg Ham: Registrum Hamonis Episcopi Boffensis, ed. Ch. Johnson
(Kent Records IV, part II). London 1916.

Reg Roff: Registrum Roffense, ed. J. Thorpe. London 1769.

RH: Rotuli hundredorum temp. Hen. III et Edw. I. London 1812-8.

Seld: Selden Society Publications.

St. Pau1’s: St. Paul's Ecclesiastical Society, vol. III.

Subs: Subsidy Rolls for Kent (see KPN, p. 111).

SXRS: Publications of the Sussex Record Society.

TE: Taxatio ecclesiastica Angliaé et Walliae, circa A. D.‘1291. London
1802.

Text Roff: Textus Roffensis, ed. Th. Hearne. Oxford 1720 (v. also
ArchC 44). » -


xIv _ J. K. Wallenberg

Thorpe: Diplornatarium Anglicnm aevi Saxonici, ed. B. Thorpe. Lon-
don 1865.
Val: Valor ecclesiasticus temp.‘ Hen. VIII. London 1810-4.

II.

Other works consulted.

Alexander, H., The place-names of Oxfordshire. Oxford 1912.
Anderson; 0. S., The English hundred-names. LUA 1934.

Anglia. '

Anglia Beiblatt.

APhSc: Acta Philologica Scandinavica.

ArchC, see Sources.

The Archaeological Journal.

Baddeley, W. St. Clair, The place-names of Gloucestershire. Gloucester

1913.

Bannister, A. T., The place-names of Herefordshire. Cambridge 1916.
Bardsley, Ch. W., A dictionary of English and Welsh surnames. Lon-

don 1901.

Bartholemew, J. G., The Survey gazetteer of the British Isles. Edin-
burgh 1914. ,

Bjtirkman, E., Scandinavian loan-words in Middle English. Halle 1900,.
1902. . '

.-::"".f——, Nordische Personennamen in England. Halle 1910.

.._——, Zur englischen Namenkunde. Halle 1912.

4, Studien fiber die Eigennamen im Beowulf. Halle 1920.
Blomé, B., The place-names of North Devonshire. Uppsala 1929.
Boehler, M.,~Die altenglischen Frauennamen. Berlin 1931.
Bowcock, E. W., Shropshire place-names. Shrewsbury 1923.
Bradley, H., English place-names. Ess. a. St. I. Oxford 1910.

B. T.: Bosworth, J. and Toller, T. N., Anglo-Saxon dictionary. Oxford‘-\

1882-1921.
Biilbring, K. D., Altenglisches Elementarbuch. Heidelberg 1902.
Camden’s Britannia, ed. E. Gibson. London 1695.
Churchill, I. J., A handbook to Kent records. Kent Records II. Lon-
don 1914.
Clark Hall, J. B., A concise Anglo-Saxon dictionary. Cambridge 1931.
Dictionnaire topographique de la France. ‘Paris 1861 ff.
Dijkstra, W., Friesch Woordenhoek. Leeuwarden 1896-1911.
Doornkaat-Koolman, J. ten, Wiirterbuch der Ostfriesischen Sprache.
Norden 1879-84.
Duignan, W. H., Notes on Staffordshire place-names. London 1902."
-——, Warwickshire place-names. Oxford 1912.
EDD: Wright, J., The English Dialect Dictionary. Oxford 1896-1905.
EHR: The English Historical Review.

 

\

\

\

\

Ekblom, E., The place-name
Ekwall, E., The place-names
, English place-names ix
, English river-names. (

 Studies on English pl:

\

\

‘.-a‘¢- '
9

, Names of trades in En

honour of J. Tait)., Mai
Ellis, H., A general introducti
EPN, see EPNS.

, EPNS: The English Place-I

, vol. I: 1. Introductioi

’ Cambridge 1924 [IPN].
I , vol. I: 2. Mawer, A., '
’ names. Ib. 1924. [EPN

, vol. II. The place-na

 and F. M. Stenton. Ib.
}'IL—, vol. III. The place-nai

ed. A. Mawer and F. M.
, vol. IV. The place-nai

/ F. M. Stenton. 11:. 192

. 4: M
/
Ii 1-‘. M. Stenton. lb. 192:

' .

, vol. V. The place-nam
A. H. Smith. Ib. I928.
, vols. VI—VII. The pl

 

-—, vols. VIlI——-IX. The p
A. Mawer and F. M. Ste

’ ?——, vol. X. The place-naxm

/"-

I
/

A. Mawer and F. M. St:
, vol. XI.‘ The place-n

Mawer and F. M. Stentoi
Ess. a. St.: Essays and Studie

/ Oxford 1910 ff.

1

E. St.: Englische Studien.

Ewen, C. L’Estrange, A histo
don 1931.

Fiigersten, A., The place-rlarr

/ Falk, Hj. and Torp, A., Nor

I buch. Heidelberg 1910-1

'Feist, S., Etymolog-isches VS
1923.

Forssner, T., Continental-Ger
sala 1916.

Fiirstemann, E., Altdeutsche:
1900. — II. Ortsnamen.

‘ The greater part of my b(
before the publication of this *

 


 

UK

' -f f ,.
K/.«  C4 ‘—.iI._.>"‘(__,»  -’

540 J . K. Wallenberg

from the same stem as MHG wimelen, ModG'r wimmeln, Swed
vimla, Du wemelen “to swarm, crowd”, Norw vimla “to tumble”,
Engl dial. wimble “active, nimble”. There is no stream here.
We may perhaps assume that the base of this name was a common
noun OE *wim(e)la “the active one” or the like. Or the early
inhabitants may have been nicknamed the *Wz'm(e)l2'ngas “the
active, swarming‘ men” or the like, Womenswold being the weald
“forest” belonging to these men.

Denne Hill 117 H 4: de Denna 1226, .1240, 1254, 1278, 1313
Ass; 1327 Subs. —— OE denn “pasture”.

Finnis Wood (6”). Cf. perhaps Joh. /fynet 1292 Ass; de /fynews
1346 Subs; de /fyneaws 1347 Subs (all s. VVingh. hd). — Aman-
orial name.

Nethersole Fm (6"). See KPN, p. 161.

Wollage Green, Woolwich Wood 117 H 4: de Wuleheth’ 1254

Ass; Enwulueth’ 1265 FF; de Wlfethe 1270 Ass; Wolshethe 1282,

Peck; Wolueche 1292 Ass; Wolfeth’, Wolueche, Waluech’ 1304 Ass;
de Wolfech’, de Wulfhecch’ 1313 Ass; de Wolueth’ 1327 Subs;
Wolueth (p.) 1348 Subs; Wollwychwod 1535 Val. —— The first e].
is evidently OE wulf “wolf”. The second e1. seems to be OE
hcecc “hatch” (hcecce “fence of rails”). Cf. especially the 1313
form Wulfhecch’. The ME th forms are easily understood as scribal
errors or misreadings for ch. The meaning of OE wulfhaecc was
probably “wolf-pit, Wolf-trap” or the like. As for the meaning
“trap” of the latter el. cf. hatch in NED. — The form Woolwich
is no doubt due to influence from the K pl-n Woolwich supra.

Wick Lane, Wood (6"): Wike 1210-12 RBE; Vflce 1282 Peck;
de Wyk’ 1293 FF; de Wyke 1318 FF; de Wike 1319 Pat. — OE

wic “dwelling-place”.

Parish of Bekesbourne‘

Bekesbourne 117 F 3: Burnes 1086 DB; 1087 (13“1 c.) Inq
Aug; 0. 1100 Dom Mon; 1198 Fees; 1200, 1201 Our; Livigeburn’,
I/ivingeborn’ 1201 Our; Limingbume 1201 Abbr; Dimz'ngebum'
1202 Abbr; Liuingelburn(e) 1203_ FF; I/ivinge-, Litthingeburn’
_—' M5uy& WM 1/U V\)IA3;,g,«’»04'\/7

‘ The parish is now in Bridge hd.

mm 19 Au?/“F? Aw amwc, W'<W<E/ B”7‘*”‘3“

V’J/>;§»r+‘aQ, lo‘/E0 '°V.l> Qubfafi A

.."Aq

1203 Our; Diuin
L'iuingeb’ne 1226
Pap; Lithinge-, 1
1245 FF; Bume
Bum’ 1254 Ass;
Lyvingburn’ 1270
ingesbum’ 1278 A
yngesburn’ 1292
more usual, but t
instance found is
contains the 11am
place. The modem
Willelmus de Bec.
forms of t-his na
second el. is OE L
Cobham Court (
of the eminent :
place from the be
111, 716).
Howletts 117 F
V. Hasted, I, LXX}
manorial name.



Brid

This hundred vs
ing-places of whicl

Bridge 117 G 3
Aug; Brygge c. 1
Fees; Brugg’, Bre_.
1240 Ass, etc. — 1
the Nail Bourne c

Baracer (lost):' .
Ber-acre 1270 Ass;


[G wimmeln, Swed
vimla “to tumble”,
is no stream here.
me was acommon
ike. Or the early
*Wz'm(e)l2'ngas “the
Jld being the weald

1254, 1278, 1313
92 Ass; de flynews
gh. hd). —— A man-

de Wuleheth’ 1254

ss; Wolshethe 1282 _

Woluech’ 1304 Ass;
Jlueth’ 1327 Subs;
.1. —— The first e];
L seems to be OE
specially the 1313
iderstood as scribal

OE wulfhaecc was
s for the meaning
.‘he form Woolwich
. Woolwich supra.
. Vike 1282 Peck;

1319 Pat. —— OE

087 (13111 c.) Inq
Cur; 1'/ivigeburn’,
Jbr; Limingeburn’
ge-, Lvltthingebum’
C W 1/x)//tag, wk/v‘{

;q,¢¢/5, I3&1w~5EM

L_.

The Place-Names of Kent 541

1203 Our; I/iuinge(s)bum 1206 FF; Leuingesburn 1211-2 FF;
Lt'uingeb’ne 1226 Ass; I/yuingebum’ 122-7 FF; Livingeburn 1238
Pap; Lithinge-, Lyuinge-, Liuyngcbum’ 1240 Ass; Lyuingeburne
1245 FF; Bume 1250 Fees; Lynz'ng(e)boume 1253-4 FeesKn;
Burn’ 1254 Ass;.Lyuz'n_q'esbur’ 1258 FF; Bekesbum’ 1270 Ass;
Lyvingburn’ 1270 Ass; Limiges-, Liuiges-, Leuing-, Lymig-, Lin-
ingesburn’ 1278 Ass; Bekesboum’ 1292 Ass; Lungesbourn’, Lym-
yngesbum’ 1292 Ass, etc. In later times Bekesbourne becomes
more usual, but the older name is retained for a long time (latest
instance found is-.Z'/yvyngisbou-rn 1541 BM 1). The older form
contains the name of Levine (OE Léofwine), tenant TRE of this
place. The modern form commemorates the fact that from 11198
Willehnus de Beche (v. 1198 Fees, p. 13) held this manor. Other
forms of this name are dead) Bee, de Becca, de Bek(e). -—- The
second el. is OE burna “stream”.

Cobham Court (6”): Borne Cobeham 1385-6 BM I. -— Members
of the eminent family of Cobham, of Cobham, possessed this
place from the beginning of the reign of Edward III (v. I-Iasted,
III, 716). p '

Howletts 117 F 3: John Isaac, of Howlets in B., sheriff 1461,
V. Hasted, I, Lxxxvm; Howlets 1690 Ind Vill. —— No doubt a
manorial name.

Bridge and Petham Hundred

This hundred was originally two separate hundreds, the meet-
ing-places of which were Bridge and Petham respectively, V. infra.

Bridge

Bridge 117 G 3: Brige 1086 DB; Brugges 1087 (13th c.) Inq
Aug; Brygge c. 1100 Dom Mon; Bruge 1187-8 P; Brugg' 1219
Fees; Brugg’, Bregge 1226 Ass; Brigge 1235 G1; Brug(g)e, Bregg’
1240 Ass, etc. —- OE brycg “bridge”. — Bridge is situated where
the Nail Boume crosses Watling Street.

Baracer (lost):' Berekere 1253-4 FeesKn;‘ 1292, 1304 As_s; de
Beracre 1270 Ass; 1317 Cl; Berakere 1291 FF; Bercacre 1293 Inq;


542 J." K. Wallenberg

de Beracro 1313-4'Se1d 24; Beracre 1346 FA, etc. ~—p OE bere
“barley” + weer “cultivated piece of land”. - .

Blackmansbury (lost), al. Bridge: Blakemannesbyrie 1253-4
FeesKn; Blakemamzesbery 1266 BM I; Blakemannesbir’ 1271 FF;
Bla7cemannesber' 1275 RH; Blakemansbir’ 12278 Ass; Bla7ceman(n)e's-
bur’, Blakemannesbury 1292 Ass, etc. —_ OE Blcecman, pers. n.+
burh “borough”. —— Blackinborough in Preston is a doublet of
this name, iv. supra. f A _ ‘

Kenewesborne (lost): Borne 1086 DB; Burna c. 1100 Dom Mon;
Kenewisbome 1249-50 Bla.ckBk; Kenewygbourne 1253-4 Fee'sKn;

de Kenewysbum’ 1261 FF; Kenewesburn’, de Kenewynbume1In-

Bisopeiburne, de Kenewynburn' 1270 Ass; Kynegpum’ 1271 FF;
Keniuzychesbuirn’, de Kenewyesburn’ 1278 Ass; Kenewis-, Kenes-,
Kine-, Kilnnesburne 13”‘ c_. BlackBk, etc. Possibly the place was,
at least partly, in the adjacent parish of Bishopsbourne. — OE
Cynewig, pers. n.+buma. Like the adjacent Bishopsbourne,
Patrixbourne and Bekesbourne, the name is no “doubt an early
ME formation. ' . :.

Pett Fm 117 G2: Pitte 1271 FF; dePette 1313-4 Seld 24, 2o4;_
ate Pette 1348 Subs. -— Cf. perhaps also Hondepytt "1538 Abstract
of Roll (Dugd., Mon., I, 150), mentioned together with Blake-
mansbury supra. ——- (OE hund “dog” +) pytt “pit”. ’

Well Ho. (6"). Cf. that Sir Henry Palmer, by will in 1611,
gave 10 s. to be yearly paid out of his manor of Well-court in

this parish (v. Hasted, III, 725). _Z.P’1o»’b'°/$6 W6-¢.¢C'oosZg..’£ I‘

. _ ‘ 0
Upper Hardresl I6“ 

Upper Hardres 117 H 2. Se_e_ KPN, p. 67. , V

Bossingham 117 H 2." ‘See KPN, ‘p. 173. This name (de'Boss1Jng-
camp 1226 Ass; Bosingkomp 1264 Pat, etc.) is probably a.n‘-z'ng-
derivative of OE Bésa, pers. 11. + camp “campus”. Cf. Bossenden
Fm in Dunkirk and Bossington in Adisham, V. supra.

Broxhall Fm (6”): de B-rockyshole 1304 Ass; de Brolckeshole
1338 Subs; de Brokkishole 1346 Subs. — OE brocc “badger” +
hol “hole, hollow”. - . ~

Dane Fni 117 H 1: de La Dene, de Estdene_l240 Ass; de la
Dane, Dene 1278 Ass; .de..Dene 1295 FF; ate_ dane 41304-Ass;
atte Dane 1313 Ass; de la Dane 1327, 1332- Subs. —- OE denu
“valley”. - ~ ‘ -~

‘ Part of this parish is in Loningborough hd.

Lynsore Court,

Great Palmstea
A comparison w
and in ME sou
Fnestede 1278‘A
mysterious Prins
explained in EP
Permie-,‘ Pemestea

Lower Hardres
Ca.tt’s Fm 117
Warin. le Cat 13
1332 Subs; War
manorial name.
Cook's Fm 117
1348 Subs (all s.
Li. Eaton Fm (1
'— OE ég “island
Granville (P. H.
FF; Job. de Glam
is perhaps named
Greenway Gotta.»
here: de Greneweg
Greneweye 1270-1
“green” + weg “w
Harmansole Fm
de Heremodesole 1
de Heremodeshole
1327, 1332, 1334, L
or sol “miry pool’
Stockfield -Wood
(ArchC 13, 308), J
Street End 117
hende 1327 Subs;
ate Strethende 133
Young’s Fm 117

 


 

A, etc. ~p OE bere

umnesbyrie 1253-4
umnesbir’ 1271 FF;
Ass; Blakemah(n)es-
Blaecmcm, _pers. 11. +
on is a doublet of

c. 1100 Dom Mon;
ne 1253-4 FeesKn;

e Kenewynbume in -

vnegburn’ 1271 FF;
; Kenewis-, Kenes-,
iibly the place was,
nopsbourne. — OE
nt Bishopsbourne,
no doubt an early

313-4 Seld 24, 204;.
apytt 1538 Abstract
gether with Blake-
“pit”. 1 I '

, by will in 1611,
or of Well-court in
L1 V\JrS¢¢_. (32012

54,, ._4‘mr<&/sac9‘ -

s name (de'Bossing_-
; probably an king-
is”. Cf. Bossenden
v. supra.

ss; de Brokkeshole
} brocc “badger” +

131240 Ass»; .de la
zte,_ dune -1304 Ass;
Subs. — OE denu.

i
4

The Place-Names of Kent 543

Lynsore Court, Bottom 117 H 2. See KPN. p. 273.

Great Palmstead Fm, Little -PX117 J 2. See KPN, p. 41. -
A comparison with this name (Perhamstede 747 BCS -176, ‘etc.
and in ME sources Permestede, but also Pernested’ 1270 Ass;
Pnestede 1278 Ass) may give a clue to the interpretation of the
mysterious Prinsted, Sx (Pernested(e) 115-1, 1253, etc.), left un-
explained in EPNS VI, 56. From OE peru “pear” + hfzmstede.
Perme-,' Pernesiede is a phonetical‘ development of Perhamstede.

Lower Hardres _

Lower Hardres 117 G 2. See‘ preceding parish name." ,

Ca.tt’s Fm 117_H 1. Of. Job. la‘ Kat,” le Cat 1273, "1292 Ass;
Warin. le Cat 1313 Ass; Werin. le Cat’ 132'7"Subs; War. Cat
1332 Subs; War. le Out 1346 Subs (a.ll.s. Bridge hd). '—— A
manorial name. 4 _ ’

Cook’s Fm 117 H 2. Of. Luc. Cocus 1-292 Ass; Joh.iC'o7c’ 1327,
1348 Subs (all s. Bridge lid). —— A manorial name. H

Li. Eaton Fm ‘(6”): de_ E3/ton" 1327 Subs; de Eytone 1332 Subs.
‘... OE ég “island” +t17m.  I '  S '

Granville (P. H.) _(6”). Cf. Rad. de Glaunuyle _p. in L. H. 1235
FF; Joh. 'de Glanuille ten. in L._H. 1253-4_FeesKn._— The inn
is perhaps named after this family, I i i i_ , ‘

Greenway Cottages (6”).. The following forms possibly belong
here: de Greneweye 1240 Ass; de Greneweie, -weye 1242-3 Fees;
Greneweye 1270-1 BM I; de Grenewey 1278 Ass. — OE gréne
“green” + weg “way”. _ _

Harmansole Fm 117 G1: de Hermodeshoze" 1-240 Ass; 1340 FF;
de Heremodesole 13"‘ c". BlackBk; de Heremodsol’, de Ermodesale,
de Heremodeshole 1278 Ass; de Hermodesole 1.313-4 Seld 24, 204;
1327, 1332, -1334, 1338 Subs. — OE Heremod, pers. 11; + hol “hole”
or sol “miry pool”. A A A " _ *

Stockfield -Wood (67'). Of. perhaps Henry de S'tbke_1315 FF
(A1-chC 13, 308), plt. in H.; Th. a_tte'ffelde,‘q. in L. H. 1343 FF.

Street End 117 G _1: de Sfrethehde, -heridi’ 1292 Ass; deg Stret-
heride 1327 Subs; Ade Streteende'1332 Subs; de'Stretend 1334 Subs‘;
ate Strethende 1338 Subs. ' ' I H , f ‘ 

Young’s Fm 117 H 1} Cf. perhaps Hen; Juu_em's in H‘. 

 


 

544 J. K. Wallenberg

Nackington

Nackington 117 G 2. See KPN, p. 348. This name (Nat2'n(c)g-,
Natyngdune 993 Lib. de Hyda, etc.) Kai-lstrom, p. 104, suggests
may be a toponymic and derives it either from OE *na2t “wet”,
corresponding to OHG nag, OS nat or from a word that is a
cognate of OHG nagga “nettle”. Of these two alternatives the
former seems the more likely one. But the problem may be
still more complicated. There is no stream here; even if the
Nackington district may once have been wet, no conclusions as
to this can be drawn from its present condition. In a discussion
of pl-ns that m_ay be related, v. EPNS IV, 188, s. Nafford, W0,
Mawer and Stanton have suggested the existence of a pers. 11.
OE *Nata, a cognate of OHG Nat(o), Nazo. They suggest that
these names may be formed from "the same stem as OE nett
“net” (*niit~). Possibly Nackington may be explained on similar
lines. It may also be suggested that a common noun OE *nata
“a person who is wet, perhaps one who wets his bed (? a child)”,
a word formed from the base OE *met “wet”, may once have
existed and perhaps also havebeen used as a nickname. It may
accordingly be alternatively suggested that the name of Nacking-
ton may contain an -ing-derivative ‘of a nickname OE *Nata.
The fact that this is a name in -dim “down” does not exclude
the possibility of the first el. being a derivation of 9. pers. name.
CE. Harbledown in the close vicinity, V. supra.

I-Ieppington H0. 117  1: Hebbinton’ 1181-2, 1183-4 P; Hebinton'

Sextries Fm 1

.1572 BM 1. —

Augustine, Cant
w_hence' it acqu
“sacristy; the I‘(
Staplegate (los
gate 1343-4 Ass
1399 (1388) Oh;
Probably OE sta;
estable “stable”)
staple and stable

Patrixbourne I
Inq_.Aug; Burr.
bar?» 1207 FineR
Pat’Icesb’ne 1226
C1; _Patrickesbz_m
1253-4 FeesKn;
FF, etc. — Pat
name of Patrix
William Patricia
John de Pratelli.
bourne in the e.
do with the nan

Bifrons 117 F

 1132-3 P; Ebynton’ 1.242-3 Fees; de Hebindon’, —ton’ 1270 Ass; Called from its
 Hebynton 1346 FA; Hepyngton 1407 Pat; Hepynton 1431 FA; built 03- 1600-
3}: Heppynden 1484 Pat. — Judging by the ‘early forms the original — Higham 117 E
 form of this name was OE *Heb(b)1'ngtz2n, the first el. perhaps being Fees? 12534 F‘
 9. pers. n. A pers. 11. OE *Hebba is not evidenced, but it is a 206’ em — OE
 likely formation, perhaps originally a common noun and a nick- H°d° Fm 117
name, from the same base as OE hebban “'to heave, raise; rise”. Att"_H°d9 1275 1
Cf. OE Hebeca, pers. n. (v. Redin, p. 157).‘ The possibility that OE “ha? “heath”
a toponymic, the name of a hillock or the like, may be formed R°n'i11° 117 '
from the same stem should of course not be denied. Hepping- 1327 Subs; d9 T
ton H0. is on the slope of a hillock reaching the rather consider- 13.34» 1347 Subs
able height of 351 feet. — Cf. also discussion of Hebbinge (lost) t°P°8’mPhi°9-1 W‘
in Boughton Aluph. “wmething W5 C
35
 j J


a name (Nat2'n(c)g—,
J, p. 1_04, suggests
m OE *na:t “wet”,
1 9. word that is a.
V0 alternatives the
e problem may be
here; even if the
no conclusions as
)n. In a discussion
‘-8, s. Nafford, W0,
:ence of 9. pers. 11.
They suggest that
e stem as OE nett
xplained on similar
1011 noun OE *nata
his bed (‘2 a. child)”,
t”, may once have
.nickname. It may
e name of Nacking-
.ckname OE *Nata.
” does not exclude
ion of :3 pers. name.
'a.
1183-4 P; Hebinton’
m’, -ton’ 1270 Ass;
Elepynton 1431 FA;

y forms the original -

.rst el. perhaps being
idenced, but it is a
an noun and a nick-
heave, raise; “rise”.
The possibility that
ike, may he formed
5 denied. Hepping-
the rather consider-
on of Hebbinge (lost)

The Place—Names. of Kent 545

_. Sextries Fm’ 117 G 2: Sextrey 1507, 1541, 1564 BM I ; Sextrye

1572 BM I. — This manor belonged to the monastery of St.
Augustine, Canterbury and was allotted to the use of their sacristie,
whence’ it acquired its name (V. Hasted, III, 726). Cf. sezctry
“sacristy; the residence of a. sacristan” (NED).

Staplegate (lost): de Stable-, de Staplegate ‘1270 Ass; de Staple-
gate 1343-4 Ass; de Stablegate 1348 Subs; 1351 FF; Stablegate
1399 (1388) Ch; Staplegate 1790 Hasted, III, 649, map; ib., 727.-—
Probably OE stapol “post, pillar, staple” (less likely ME stable < OF
estable “stable”) + geat, gate “gate”._— On the interchange of
staple and stable see s. Whitstable supra.

Patrixbourne

Patrixbourne 117 F 3:. Borne 1086 DB; Bume 1087 (13“1 c.)
Inq_Aug; Buma 1172-3, 1174-5 P (tra Willi Patricii); Pat‘5lce-
burfi 1207 FineR; Patricbufiz 1215 CIR; Badrlchesburn’ 1219 Fees;
Pat’lcesb’ne 1226 Ass; Patrikeburn’ 1227 FF; Patriclcebum 1228

Cl; Patrickesbume, Patrichesbum’ 1242-3 Fees; Patrik(7c)esbourne

1253-4 FeesKn; Patrichesbum’ 1254 FF; Paterykesbum’ 1256
FF, etc. —— Vat:-ixbourne is on the Nail Bourne. The modern
name of Patrixbourne no doubt commemorates the name of
William Patricius, a 12”‘ c. owner of the manor (see above).
John de Pratellis or de Pratis, an owner of the manor of Patrix-
bourne in the early 13”‘ c. (v. Hasted, III, 720) has nothing to
do with the name of Patrixbourne. . . - -

Biirons 117; F 2: Bifrons 1690 Ind Vill. — This seat was so
called from its double front (v. Hasted, III, 7.21, b). It was
built ca. 1600. .

Eigham 117 E 3: de Hecham 1240, 1254 Ass; Hegham 1242-3
Fees; 1253-4 Feeslin; 1346 FA; de Hegham 1.324 ArchC 21,
206, etc. — OF] héah .“high” + ham. See also KPN, p. 51.

Hode Fm 117 F 2: La Hothe 1276-7, 1315 BM I; Atte hothe,
Atte Hode 1278 Ass; la hotthe 1313 Ass; atte Hothe 1348 Subs. -
OE *ha'zfi “heath”. . .

Renville 117 G 2: de Trimfeld’ 1240 Ass; de Trenfeld, -feld’
1327 Subs; ole Thremfelde 1332, 1338,1348 Subs; de Thremfeld’
1334, 1347 Subs; Renfelde 1535 Val. — Thefirst el. may bea
topographical word OE *firym-, formed from the base *j5rum-
“something cut off” (found in OE tungeprum “tongue-ligament”).
35

 

4 


546 J. K. Wallenberg

Compare‘ discussions of Rumsted Court in Hucking and Tram-
hatch in Oharing, v. supra. .— The second el. is OE feld “open
land”. -
Shepherd's Close 117 G 3. Cf..perhaps Will. S'cheph’de-1348
Subs; Ric. Shepherds 1357 Subs (both s. Bridge hd).

c

Petham

Pethsm 117 H 1. See KPN, p. 288.

Broadwaygreen Fm 117 H 1: de Bmdewey 1240 Ass; de Brade-
weye 1254 Ass; (de) Bradeweye 1292 Ass; Broadway 1690 Ind
Vill. -— OE brad “broad” + weg “way”.

Buckholt Fm 126 A 14. See KPN, p. 34.‘

Cotterell (lost): bo. de Ootmaneborgh’ 1254 Ass; bo. C'otarz'or’,
bo. de Cotariis, Cotereresborgh’ 1292 Ass; bo. of Cotterell 1790
Hosted, I11, 735. -—. OE cotmarma, Med. L cotariorum, gen. pl.

“cottagers’”. The modern form represents Med. L coterellus. OF"

coterel “cottage:-”.

Debden Court 3117 G 1: Depedane 1403 Pat; Depdome 1535
Val. — OE déop “deep” + denu “valley”.

Denge Wood 116 J 13. See KPN, pp. 56, 280, and discussion
of Dengetnarsh in Lydd, V. supra.

Garlinge Green 116 J 14. See KPN, p. 259.

Hault Fm 126 A 14:.de Haute 1278, 1343-4 Ass; 1327, 1332,
1334, 1338, 1346, 1348 Subs; Hauts Place 1790 Hasted,;I1I,
736. —— Ivo de Haut (ca. 1180) was the earliest of the family of
Haut known as owners of this estate (v. Hasted, IH, 736). A
manoria.l...'n.ame. '

Keniield Hall 117 G 1: bosca de Kenegefeld, Kenegefeld 1223
FF; de Kenefeud 1270 FF; Kenefeud’ 1275 FF; de Kenefeld’,
de Kenefeud 1278 Ass; de Kenefeld 1286 01; 1313-4 Seld 24,
204; 1328 ‘Ipm; 1332 Subs; de Kenefeld’, -feud’, de Kemfeld’ 1292
Ass; de Kenefeld’ 1327, 1334 Subs, etc. — The 1223 —‘forms
suggest derivation of the name from OE cym'(n)gafeld “the kings’
open field, the royal open field”. .

Red Wood Lees (6”). See KPN-, p. 106.

Sappington Court 116 J 14: Sapindon’ 1218 FF; 1254 Ass;
de Sepindon’ 1240 Ass; Sapindon 1242 Pat; 1301 BM 1; Sapyndon’
1292 Ass; 1292 FF; de. Sapindone 1304 Ass; 1338 Subs; de
Sapyndone 1332 Subs; de Sapindon’ 1334, 1346, 1347 Subs;

1....

Sependon 1431 1
La (Sapeden c.
Hu (Sappele 12
suggested to bu
sappjnu-s. Of. a

'PNSf, 105, Whn

The fact that th
is considered to
pl-ns with the I
word, rather pr
them with the b
Mod Engl supp;
Engl sapling “a
name was perha
pington, nor is
denote that the I
with this sense
also be a nickna
sap “a. fool, a. s
As for K pl-ns

Nackington, Sepi
v. supra.

Stone Street (1
Ass; Stonstrete 1
stdn “stone” + st’.

Swarling Fm 1
of this name (So
the elements OE
The simplest int»
he an indication
early days. —.I
are found in U
I am not quite c
possible that the
a -ling derivativ
originally being
swordsmen, the
are in agreemen
that a name of


N .

icking and Tram-
is OE feld “open

ll. Scheph’de -1348
;e hd).

40 Ass; de Brade-
-oadway 1690 Ind

Ass; bo. Cotarior’,
of Cotterell 1790
tariorum, gen. pl.

1. L coterellus, OF‘

t; Depdane 1535

80, and discussion

Ass; 1327, 1332,
1790 Hasted, III,
at of the family of
bed, III, 736). A

. Kenegefeld 1223
FF; de- Kenefeld’,
; 1313-4 Seld 24,
, de Kemfeld’ 1292
The 1223 «forms
lgafeld “the kings’

3 FF; 1254 Ass;

BM I; Sapyndtm’
ss; 1338 Subs; de
L346, 1347 Subs;

The Place-Names of. Kent 547

Sependon 1431 FA;‘ Savington 1690 Ind Vill. —-’- Compare Sabden,
La (Sapeden c. 1140, etc.), v. Ekwall, PNLa, .80, and Sapley,

_Hu (Sappele 1227, etc.), v. EPNS III, 208, the first el. being

suggested to be OE sceppe “spruce fir”, a loan-word from L
sappjnus. Cf. also Sapiston, Sf (Sapestuna DB, etc.), v. Skeat,

«PNSf, 105, who suggests derivation from a pers. 11. OE *S’a2p.

The fact that the introduction of the fir in the English woodland
is considered to be comparatively late, makes connection of early
pl-ns with the badly evidenced saeppe, which besides is a loan-
word, rather problematic. It seems more inviting to connect
them with the base of OE soap “sap, juice”, scepig “sappy, juicy”,
Mod Engl sappy “full of moisture, wet, sodden”. Cf. also Mod
Engl sapling “a young (forest-)tree”. —-— The base of the K
name was perhaps OE *S¢z2pingd1Zn. There is no stream at Sap-
pington, nor is the ground wet here. Maythe name perhaps
denote that the down was covered with saplings? An OE *swpz‘ng
with this sense seems conceivable. But the base may perhaps
also be a nickname formed from the same base. Cf. Mod Engl
sap “a fool, a simpleton”, sappy “sodden; fat, plump; foolish”.
As for K pl-ns that open up similar problems, of. discussion of
Nackington. Sepham in Shoreham, and Sydenham in Lewisham,
v. supra. .

Stone Street (lost): de_ Stanstrete 1240 Ass; de Stonstrete 1278
Ass; Stonstrete 1292, 1313 Ass; Stonestreet 1690 Ind Vill. —— OE
stfm “stone” + strcet ‘fhigh-road”. _, 5

Swarling Fm 117 G 1." See KPN, p. 102. -The earliest forms
of this name (Sueordhlincas 805 BCS 321, etc.) no doubt contain
the elements OE sweard “sword” and hlinc “linch, rising ground”.
The simplest interpretation of the name seems to be that it may
bean indication of finds of swords having been made here in
early days. ———.But in’ spite of the fact that the forms in hlinc
are found in two early 9”‘ c. original charters (BCS 321, 341)
I am not quite convinced that these forms are original. It seems
possible that the original form may have been OE *:S'weo'rdlz'ngas,
a -ling derivative of OE,sweord “sword”, the name perhaps
originally being a nickname of the early settlers meaning “the
swordsmen, the warriors” or the like. The ME -lz'nge(s) forms
are in agreement with such an OE base. It seems conceivable
that a name of the supposed form *Sweordlingas may even at

 


.0 ‘assume that the
nickname. -— But
corruptions of the
3, connection with
' may be possible.
.e ‘base was “misty,
any caseit seems
of these‘ meanings.
7. in Headcorn, v.
ymic. More early
mysterious name.
)' 1313 Ass; Rob.,

p. 86.

.025, 286. —— OE’

:69; 1593(2) ArchC
Fade Ken 1662 ib.,
: place was named
me until the reign
)robably originally
e maid”, evidenced
ne in Rob. Maide.
ubs (s. Axton hd).
5; de Huthelmeston’
270 Ass; Vthelmes-
I Ass; Outtelmeston

. — I suggest the-

This name is not
perhaps also Huc-
V, 130. From OE
ame? 4 This pl-n
inal -ton (OE.tc7n)
the middle part of
and the name was
a. 6 miles distant.
d as out “without,

ruption of Boscum

.11.

‘we

The Place-Namesjof Kent ‘ 555

de Ro_a:'polI(e) 1444-5 Kent Rec. 7; Boscum de Oaxpole (s. Denton).
Roxpole 1475-6 ib.; Rockspoole Wood 1589 -ArchC 25; Greate Rox-
poll Wood, Little Roxpoll (in B.) 1662 ib.? -— From OE, hréc
“rook” +1061 “pool”? “Cf. also Roxborough Wood (6") in the
adjacent parish of Denton.’ ’ ' ‘

Shelvin 117 J 4. See KPN, p. 266. -

Walderchain Wood 117 J 3: Waterchine 1263 Ipm; Walt’chyne
1270 FF; Walterchine 1278-9 BM I; Waldirchene 1327-77 BM II;
Walderchyn-1463 ArchC 25, 262; Waldercheyne Wood 1662 ib.,
286. — The second el. is no doubt,'OE cine, cinu “chink, fissure,
cavern”. The first el. is OE wealdwara, gen. pl. “the forest-
dwellers”’. The forms w,ith,t are due to association with the
pers. 11. Walter or perhaps with OE wealt- in Waltham ‘supra.
Cf. also Walderslade in Chatham, v. supra, — The name is per-
haps identical in, rnean.ing_'wit_h Waldershare, ‘v. infra.

_ Bishopsbourne . A

Bishopsbourne 117 G 3.,-See KPN, p. 85. The manoxfof Bourne
al. Bishopsbourne belonged ;from. an early date to the Archbishop
of Canterbury (v. Hasted*,L»III‘,'j 744). _ .

Benhill Wood (e"): de Ben(ri)eheZde 1304 Ass. — The first el.
may be OE Beonna, pers. 11. or -OE b2'(o)nmm “within”. The
.second el. is OE h(1I)elde “slope”. '
. Bourne-Place (.= Bourne Park 117 G 3?), al. Hautsboume, al.
Shelvingbourne or Shelvington. These are manorial names. Joh.
de-Sheluyng, probably from the adjacent.She1vin 117 J 4, possessed
this manor" in 1309 (see 1309 ‘FF, ArchC‘ 12, 303). Later in the
14”‘ c. the manor passed into the hands of the family-de-»Haut
in Petham (see Hasted, III, 745). Note also the name Upper-
bourne 1444 BM I, probably a translation of Haut -“high”.

Great Bursted ‘Fm 117 H 2: de Burstede, de Burstowe 1270 Ass;
de Borstede 1284 FF; dc Burstede 1292 Ass; 13"‘ c.» BlackBk;
1327, 1332,, 1334, 1338 Subs; de Bo-r-, de Burstede 1313 Ass;

etc. .According to Hasted, III, 746, the name was in ancient.

deeds written Burghsted. Cf. further Be'rz'stede_ 1216-72 BM II
which the editors hesitatingly identify with Bursted. The collected
evidence of this name favours derivation from OE burh, byrig
“fortified place”. + stede. Ther_e is no stream (OE buma) here. —

. The same early loss of medial h (5') is found .in,Burstead, Ess.

V-.


556 ‘ ‘ J. K. Wallenberg

Charlton Fm 117 H 3: dc Charlton’ 1240 Ass; de Cherleton’
1254, 1292, 1313 Ass; de Cherton’ 1334 Subs; de Oherltone 1338
Subs. — OE cearlatfin “peasants’ farm”. 3

Gorsley Wood 117 H 2: Gosley 1541 BM I. — OE g6s‘“goose”
+ léah “clearing”. ' I ‘

Langhampark Lodge 117 H-2: "dc Lang(e)ham 1313 Ass; de

Langhamme 1327, 1332,’ 1334 Subs, etc. —_ OE lang “long” + I

hamm.

Oswalds (6"). Cf. Roger Oswald 1477 ArchC ex. v. II, 23.

Pennycrych (lost): Penycrek, or Penecrek in B. 1502 Ipm; Pen-
nycrych bosc’ 1574 Ipm. — This is no-doubt an instance of a
name identical with Penkridge, St, Pentridge, Do, and Pentrich,
Db (Romano-British Pennacrucium “top of the hill”); cf. Zach-
risson, RKS, p. 49 ff. We accordingly find the Keltic elements
crouk-a “hill” 4 and pen “head, top” combined no less than four
times. Perhaps the name came to be used as synonymous to
“tumulus or collection of tumuli or ancient remains”. There
are tumuli, they are of Roman date, v. VCH III, 146, in Gorsley
‘Wood in Bishopsbourne. Note perhaps also Crows Camp (6”)
near Grorsley Wood. Close to Pentridge there are several tu-

muli, a camp and an earthwork and the site of a British village. ,

There is a Roman Camp just north of the village of Pentrich.
The map offers no information about the existence of barrows
at Penkridge, but traces of a mound may easily have disap-
peared at this comparatively important place. The survival of this
Keltic name in districts settled by Anglo-Saxons seems to me
easier to understand if it referred to an artificial hill‘ or barrow
rather than if it had the meaning of 'the top of a hill.- The
country at Penkridge is rather flat,'no hills of any appreciable
height being found there. Pentridge is, it‘ is true, at the foot
of a. considerable hill called Pentridge Knoll. Pentrich is in
undulating country. The district of Bishopsbourne is undulat-

ing, but there are no hills there. No hill-names are found in

this parish. Holder interprets Keltic pennfi-crficio-n as “kegel-
formiger haufe”, that is a tumulus or a barrow. '

Denton
Denton 117 J 4. See KPN, pp. 88, 293. For other cases of

ME excrescent, unetymological medial -(z')n- cf.’ Wootton Ho, Sx, v. ‘

EPNS VII, ,412
v. EPNS ‘X, 159
as Wodgjntone 12:
1279 Peck; 1291
the influence fr
group which has
etc. There is 1
ningtwin. by the
Gatteridge Fm
1348 Subs; (le S
East Kent Rec.
285. —.— OE gat
decide whether --
of this el.
Lodgelees Fm
1658 ArchC 25,
“pasture”.
Tappington Fm
(Tapintow 1242-3
pers. name, origi.
*Tap(p)a orthe l
the presumed p-
spigot” (cf. W]?
the formerialter
also Tapners (Te;
we may also hesi
an inclination in

Kingston 117 I
Ileden 117 G
derives this narm
790;. .de Ildinges
compares OE G.
doubtful whether
formation of pea
be formed from
tribute; worship,
sacrifice to”. It i


 

.240 Ass; de Chefleton’
Subs; de Cherltone 1338

ll I. —— OE gas “goose”

ng(e)kam 1313 Ass; de _

:. —- OE lung “long” +

ArchO ex. V. II, 23.
k in B. 1502 Ipm; Pen-
doubt an instance of a
ridge, Do, and Pentrich,
of the hill”); of. Zach-
ind the Keltic elements
bined no less than four
used as synonymous to
icient remains”. There
VCH III. 146, in Gorsley
s also Crows Camp (6”)
ge there are several tu.

site of a British village. _

the village of Pentrich.
he existence of barrows
may easily have disap-
ace. The survival of this
glo-Saxons seems to me
artificial hill‘ or barrow
'the top of a hill." The
hills of any appreciable
5, it is true, at the foot
a Knoll. Pentrich is in
isliopsbourne is undulat-
hill-names are found in
9enn6-cracw-n as “kegel-
barrow. ' ‘

:93. For other cases of

n- of. Wootton Ho, Sx, v. ‘

 :'..._,,'A 9,, ..

The Place-Names of_ Kent 557

EPNS "VII, 412, and Farming Woods, Nth, Templeton, Berks,
v. EPNS ‘X, 159. Cor-npare also for Wootton infra such forms
as Wodgjntone 1253-4 FeesKn; de Wodinton’ 1278 Ass; Wodynton
1279 Peck; 1291_TE (OE wudu “wood? + twin). It is of course
the influence from the numerous -2'n(g)_ton (OE -ingtan) name

_ group which has called forth analogical ‘forms such as Dem'n(g)ton,

etc. There is no need whatever to assume a variant OE *De-
ningtan by the side of the evidenced Dene tim “valley iarm”.

Gatteridge Fm (6”): de Gathers-te'in D. 1304 Ass; de Gath’st
1348 Subs; (le Sowth, le North) Gateherst, le,Northgatherst 1444-5
East Kent Rec. (KRS 7); Gatehurst Fm in D. 1655 ArchC 25,
285. —— OE gdt “goat” +hyrst “wood”. —- It is impossible to

decide whether -ridge is a substitution for -hyrst or a corruption ‘

of this el.

Lodgelees Fm 117 J 3: messuage ‘called Lodge Lease-House
1658 ArchC 25, 285. ——.The second el. is probably OE la'3s
“pasture”.

Tappington Fm 117 J 3. See KP-N, pp. 78, 275. Thisname
(Tap2'nton’ 1242-3 Fees, etc.) may equally well be derived from a
pers. name, originally a nickname or common noun, OE *Tcep(p)a,
*Tap(p)a or the like or from a-topographical word derived, like
the presumed pers. n., from the same stem as OE tceppa “tap,
spigot” (of. W]? 1, 765). As the name is an -ingion ‘formation,
the former’ alternative is perhaps here the preferable one. Cf.
also Tapners (Teppzmhyse 765-91. BCS 260, etc.) in Leigh, where
we may also hesitate between the two alternatives, perhaps with
an inclination in favour of the former.

Kingston

Kingston 117 H 3. See KPN, p. 315.

Ileden 117 G 8. See KPN, p. 160. Ekwall, PN —z'ng, p. 7,
derives this name (Gildirig 873 BCS536; Gildinge 1038-50 KCD
790;- .de Ildinges 1168-9 P, etc.)_from OE *G2'lda, pers. n., and
compares OE Gelda, Gelde-, Gildewine, pers. ns. As it seems
doubtful whether the stem Geld-, Gild- was used in OE for the
formation of pers. ns I suggested that the pl-n discussed may

be formed from the stem of OE gi(e)ld, geld “yield, payment,

tribute; worship, sacrifice”, gi(e)ldan “to yield, pay; worship,
sacrifice to”. It is perhaps possible that the name was originally

 

 


 
 

606 J. «K. Wallenberg

Eastbridge (lost): 1Estbrig’, -b1"igg' 1254 Ass; Estbregg’ .1270 Ass;
Estbregge 1289 Peck; Est Brrige 1314 Pat, etc. —— Self-explanatory.

Gutteridge Gate (6”): G‘odri'cheswude- 1268 -Inq; Gwodrycheszuode
1372 Peram-bu1ation,AHasted, IV, 399; Gobdrishi field 1497 Peramb.,
ib., 400; Goodrich Wood 1555, 1584 BM I; Godrick, al. Gutteridge
field 1728 Peramb., Hasted, IV,.402;. Gutteridge-field 1791'Peramb.,
ib., 402.--— Gutteridge is no doubt a corruption of the genitive
of the OE pers. 11. Godric. . .

Hoath Fm 117 F 2: Hothe 1317, 1335, 1347 BM 1; Hoche 1264
Inq. —— OE *hd}5 “heath”.

Langport (lost): Lzmport 1086 DB; Lcmgeport 1226 Ass; 13”‘ c. I,

BlackBk; 1278 -QW; 1291 TE; La_ng(e)port 1275 EH, etc. —— OE
Zang “long, ta.1l”+port “gate, door, entrance”. Cf. Longport
Street in Canterbury. ' A p‘ ’

Lodderslane (lost); Loddres-, Lodderslcme :13“ c. BlackBk; Lod-
derestane 1268(?) ib. — OE loddere “beggar” + lcmu “lane”.

Merton Fm .117 G 1. See KPN, p. 349. "

Newingate (lost): Newingate 1275'RH; Newengate, de Neuuingate
13”‘ c. BlackBk. —- OE (cet jam) néowan gate “(at the) new
gate”. —— Cf. Hasted, IV, 414. ' . '

Northgate: Norgate 1087 (13th c.) Inq_Aug; 1254 Ass; Nortgat’
1231 O1; Nort(h)gate 13"‘ c._ BlackBk; Norhtgate 1275 RH, etc.
— OE norji “north” + ge‘at,“g'ate “gate”. ’ , _ 

Oaten Hill (still a street-name): ‘de Othull 1327 Subs; Otehell
1381 ArchC 3, 74, — Here was, ac‘cor‘din‘g"to Basted, IV, 424,
formerly a mark_et'fo'"r‘. the sale of cats.‘ 1

‘Queningate. ‘See KPN, p. 46. . _ '

Reed Pond (6"): Reed Pond 1728 Perambulation, Hasted, IV,
401. —— OE hr’Eod"f'1-eed". '   1 ' ,

Ridinggate: Reada gate ‘1038350 IBM II; ‘de Radegate 1240 Ass;
Radingate 13”‘ c.“ BlackBk; Redingai’ 1275 RH; de Redingate
1282, 1289 Peck; Redegate‘ 1282 Ipm; de _‘RacZyngate 1292 Ass;
Redingate 1307 FF, fetc. -,-3 OE (aet fiaim) réadan gate “(at the
red,gate”. . , _, i _ , 

Ridlands Fm 1171‘ 2: "Cf. Atte Ride 1278 Ass; _Atte Rede
Sande 1292 Ass‘ (both? s. Westgate hd-). —~'-OE ’_hryd'- in OE hryd-‘

ping “clearing”? Thehrfeaning was probably “at” the cleared landf’:

Ruttington Lane. See KPN, p. 4. This ‘name'(Drutir1gstrwt,
Drutingestrcete, Drutinge 6dI5.—BCS.4;=' Trutinton 1227 FF; Dru-

 

44.11.’

  
 

Th

1 ' - dz'tton,'Druti1i-,’Drudii:

13?‘! c. ,BlackBk) I sug

“formed froin ‘the-same

.'  I _-u “throat”. One ma;
4. St.NPh V, 80, on 1111
V h_i1l:'or. a protuberanc

Lane in the immedia

. after all, the base of —t

‘or the like, originallg

i as OE firzitian “to SV

person. What is the
(V. Forstexnann, p. 146
a name in -tan is at
base of the first el. in
Scotland" Hills 117 E E
(s. Elbridge 117 E3).
Shetyngcrosse (lost).
Stauerlinge (lost):_ St:
1188 BlackBk; Stauew
Steuerling’ 1268(3) ib. -

..L The first el. is obviow
L5:-.;"_like, discussed by Rit
' ‘f Wa. The second el. is

form of OE hlinc “linc
haps have been a plat
used perhaps as a bou
also be connected witl
about aimlessly or in

g origin is doubtful. N

of stagger, after dcwe
with OE *stcefer “stake
originally “a man WI
The name discussed’
of persons wandering

..... Compare the numerous

Stuppington Fm 11
de Stubbe-, de Stobind
de Stupindon, de Stu
de Stupin-, de Stopisdu