were drawn up by the arclibisliop (I IADDAN and S’1‘Unns, i. 571-5); \\'ii.\ii'roN, An;/l. Sncr. ii. (551; 'Wii‘.illl('ltll of York as to the right. of iiistalniviit, that ‘iiiastei'f'iil prelate’ sottleil the ]I1llli(‘I' by calling in his brother of St. Davidls to perform the oliice (ib. i. 7-17). In I297 lek -coiiiph-ted the iinpe1'fectcapi- tuliir l)H(l_\' of St . l)zivid's, which had consisted only of ii bishop and dean in one person and a preceiitor, by the addition of a chancellor and treiisiirer, togetlier with a sub-dean and ii siib—(,-liiiiiter (:.lt)1\'l-IS and l"IiiiIJ)Ii\N, pp. 30], 32;’ . To extend the ailvautiiges of a re- siih-nt body oi" clergy to the more neglected parts of his \\'ltl(‘-SpI‘(‘:l(l diocese, he iii I283 fouiiilvil the collvgiiite cliiirch of Llaiigadoc (An//l. S/l('l'. ii. (551), which was very speedily rciiioveil tn i\bei'gwili, and in l287 flIl()ill(‘1' at I;l:ll1tl!,,‘\Vl-IiI'0il (LI-JLAND, (‘cl/aclmz. i. 3"_’3), and a hospital at Llaw- ll:l(ll)l1, and obtained two weekly niai'kets froin the king for his ('tlll1(‘(lI‘tll city (JONES and ,l"RIii-:.\I.\.\', pp. 5100-—i3). “lo h-iirii from a siii'\'i_-y of Slierwoorl l7oi'est that lick had a heriiiitage at ltlastwait. on )ItlIlSilt.‘l(l. Moor, ,l\'ottiiiglizinisliire, to wliicli he was in the habit oi‘ retiring for nu-ditiitioii. According to li:ll‘ill()lI)l]1C\‘\' (fotton («In Itqr/1' Erlwzmlu I, 1). I77, ltolls Series), llek was one of the niaiiy nu-.n of high rank who in l:2$)0 were induced by the iII1]|:1RSl()ll(‘,(l preacliiiig of /\i'chbishop I‘er:kli.-iiii to take the cross and set out for the Holy Land ‘sine spa reineandi’ (Anmzl. rWm1r(.~'f. (().~v1(']/), iv. 330). If he act iially left Eiiglziiul, which is not quite Certaiii, he retiirni-d in safety aii(l died on J13 May 1203, and was succeeded by Eishop ])avi(l Mai't_vn. B€l{ 138 [_Hai'l. MS. 3720; Jones and I’rceinaii’s His- tory of St. I)avi1. ll.i\ i«i'~=. llis l':1lllI‘l'(ll~'~lHI1' K Bekc 25 Aug. l29l, when Thomas was nine years old, and he and his brothers, John and An- tony (1. v.] (afterwards bishop of Norwich), proba ly became wards of Anthony, bishop of Durhani. Devotiiig himself to the clerical profession, he attained considerable distinc- tion, beiiig styled ‘ clericiis nobilis ct excellens’ by \V'alsi1igliam (p. l50). He became doctor of canon law, and in l335 received the pre- beiidal stall of Clifton in the cathedral of Lincoln (Li: NEVE, Fasti (Hardy), ii. 132). Q11 the death of Bishop Burghersh in De-— cember 1340 he succeeded to the bishopric of Lincoln, being, it would seem, then at the papal court at Avignon. Though the royal assent was given to his election on 1 March. l34l, his consecration was delayed by the pope till the next year (Muriiuirrn, 115, apud Iiiiixii, Fusti E1102-. p. 439, note 111), when it took place at Avignon on Sunday, 7 July l-‘$42, at the same, time with Arch- bishop Zouche of York. He obtained letters of protection to come to England from Rome, and the temporalities of the see were restored to him on 17 Sept. (Pet. 16 Edw. III, p. 3, m. 320). His episcopate lasted only five years. He died on 2 Feb. 1846-7, and in his will, which is extant, he desired to be buried on the north. side of the steps leading from the chapter—housc to the choir. [Le Neve's Fasti (ed. Hardy), ii. 14; Godwin, Dc I’raesiil. i. 295; Ilarl. MS: 3720.] E.V. BEKE, CIIAl’tIiES TILSTONE (l800~- I874), Abyssinian explorer, was born at Step—- ney, Middlesex, 10 Oct. 1800. He came of an ancieiit Keutish family, which, in the‘ twelfth century, gave its name to Bakes- boiirne ; and there Bcke himself resided for some years. His tiither was a proiiiinerit citizen of London. Beke was educated at a. private school in Hackney, and in 1820116’ entered upon a business career. His com- mercial pursuits called him from London to Genoa and Naples. Upon his return from the latter place he determined to abandon commerce, and entered himself at Lincoln’s» Inn, where he studied law. While pursu—- ing the legal profession, he published several papers in the ‘Imperial l\Iagazine’and other periodicals concerning biblical and arch:colo—- gical researcli. His first work ofiniportance, entitled ‘Origines Biblicze, oi- Researches in I’riineval History,’ was published in 1834. His object was to establish the theory of the- t'undaniei1tal tripartite division of the lan-A giiagcs of mankind, from which have arisen all existing langiiages and dialects. Dean )Iilnian described the work as ‘the first at—v tempt to 1'tJ(:0l1Si'1‘l1Ci3 history on the principles oi" i he _\-niiiig sitiniice of go,-ologyf aiultor this. .- .~;. my-v-¢...‘m...,,..,..,..,.«»~..i...‘;~g..mw.=m=».«.e-W--r -.._...,_,_..., .., I. .. .. . . W-.. . _. ,__, ! V‘ T. L «L. > / Bekei I39 Beke literary etlbrt the university ofTiibingcn con- ferred upon the author the degree of doctor of philosophy. In 1834 and 1835 Dr. Beke published a considerable number of papers upon the; writings attributed to Manetho, upon Egypt, E Midian, the Red Sea of Scripture, and other ‘ collateral subjects, and in the latter year he was elected a fellow of the Society of An- tiquaries. In consideration of these Eastern researches Beke was successively elected a fellow of the Statistical and Syro—Egyptian Societies of London, of the Oriental Society of Germany, of the Royal Geographical So- cieties of London and of Paris, and of the Asiatic Society. From July 1837 till May 1838 Beke was British acting‘ consul at Leipzig‘. In 1840 he made his first journey into Abyssinia, with a view not only to the opening up of commercialrelations with that state and adjoining countries, but also to the abolition of the slave trade and the discovery of the sources of the Nile. ‘His journey resulted in his first making known the true physical structure of Abyssinia and of eastern Africa generally, showing that the principal mountain system of Africa ex- tends north to south on the eastern side of that continent, and that the Mountains of the Moon of Ptoleniy are merely a portion of the meridional range. Dr. Bcke was the first to ascertain the remarkable depression of the Salt Lake, Assal. He fixed, by astro- nomical observations, the latitude of more than seventy stations, and mapped upwards of 70,000 square miles of country. He visited and mapped the watershed between the Nile and the Hawash, along a line of fifty miles northward of Ankober, and he discovered the existence of the river Gojeb. Izle con- structed a very valuable map of Gojam and Dainot, and determined approxiinately the course of the Abai.’ In this expedition Beke also collected vocabularies of fourteen languages and dialects spoken in Abyssinia. In recognition of his discoveries he received the gold medals of the Royal Geograpliical Societies of London and Paris. After his return from Abyssinia in 1843, Beke resumed his coniniercial pursuits in London, devoting the whole of his leisure, however, to the study of the questions which deeply interested him. From I844 to 1848 many papers connected with Abys« sinian exploration appeared from his pen., In the latter year he prepared a bill, wliii-li became law, authorising British consuls to solemnise marriages in foreign countries. During the same year he set on foot an ex- ploring expedition for the discovery of the soiirces oi" the Nile, the L‘_\1)(,'t,lll ion to pi-m-- trate for the first time inland, from the coast, 1 of I’toleniy’sBarbaricus Sinus, oppositeZanzi— 3 bar, and to descend the river to Egypt. The Prince Consort and other distinguished per- sons gave their countenance to the expedi- tion, and Dr. Bialloblotzky was appointed to command it; but unfortunately the leader ‘ was compelled to abandon the undertaking when it was only partially completed. It 1S» stated that Captain Speke became aware of Beke’s plan in l848; and later explorers have proved the soundness of his tlieories by discovering that Lake Nyanza is within the basin of the Nile. In 1849 Beke was appointed secretary to the National Association for the Protec- tion of Industry and Capital throughout the British Empire, and on the dissolution of that society in l853 he was formally thanked through the Dulce of Richmond for his ser- vices to the cause of protection. M. AI1t01I10 d’Abbadic, a I’rencli traveller, having pub- lished an account of his alleged journey into Katia for the purpose of exploring the sources of the Nile,Beke issued a critical examination of his claims, severely criticising his ‘pre— tended journey.’ The Geographical Society of Paris having awarded to M. d’Abbadie its. annual prize for the 1110Sl3lnl1)01"f811t~(IlSCO\'€I‘y in geograpliy, on the ground of his travels, a warm controversy arose. The charges made by Beke, and M. d’Ab1)adie’s defence, were brought before the society, and after con- siderable discussion the society decided that no action should be taken, and simply passed to the order of the day. This decision being unsatisl'actoi'y to l3-eke, he returned the gold medal which had been awarded him .111 1846 for his travels in Abyssinia, and withdrew altogether from the society. In 1852 Beke edited for the I'Iakli_iyt Society Gerrit de Veer's ‘True Description of Three Voyages by the North—east, towards Cathay and China.’ Notes were addedto the work, which had also an historical in- troduction relat ing chiefly to the earlier voy- ages to No\'iiy'zi Zemlya. The ensuing year he addressed the I*‘oreign Oliice and the Board of Trade upon the subject of politics and coniinerce in Abyssinia and other parts ot'East ern Africa. Beke had married a‘grand— niece of Sir J. ‘V. Herschel, but this lady dying in 1853, in 1956 he married secondly Miss Eniily Alston, a l\Iauritius lady, the daiigliter of Mr. \\'illiiini Alston of Leicester, a claimaiit of the baronetcy of Alston. He had three years before become a partner in he despatclieil a sailing vessel to the port of hlzissowiili for the purpose oi €Il(lL’:H'0Ll1'lIlIg‘.iyO 4 iipvlllipLfi_)1|1ll1cl't‘li|ll'L‘lEiU()llS \\'llll;kl))'.s's1l]lil. i a Mauritius mercantile house, and in 1856 , Beke 140 ,. Beke The attempt proved a failure, however, and ‘ prisoiiing and ill-treating the captives, led entailed on lieke coiisiderablepecuniuryloss. . to the Abyssinian war, which resulted in But Bake was so (,'OI1\'iIlCt'(l of the feiisibility the complete defeat, and the death, of King of establisliiiig C()11)IIl(‘l'Cl:ll rt.-lutions with Theodore. During the Abyssinian difliculty Abyssinia, that he applied, though uiisuc— i Beke furnished maps, materials, and other in- ccssfully, to the 1*‘oreign Ollice for the up-, formation to the British government, and to pointinent of British consul at Mnssowiili, } the army, by which many of the dangers of 1 the expedition were averted, and in all pro- with the olijcct of (low-lopiilg his scheme. In 1860 Hoke published ‘The Sources of the Nile; living a (i(‘n(‘I‘ill Survey of the Basin of that lliver and of its Head Sll'f_‘:1II1S. Dis<:ov:ery.’ The work was based upon the author's essay ‘On the Nile and its Tribu- I bability many lives saved. Beke received a grant of 5001. from the secretary of state for India, but his family and friends re- With the llistory of Nilotic gargled this reiniineration as veryinadequate for public services extending over a period of thirty or forty years, and culminating in tario-s," and various subseqiu,-nt papers. But his aid and advice in coiniection with the fAbyssinian campaign. In June 1868 Pro- 'fessor E. \V. Brayley, F.lt.S., drew up a much new inforniation was udt ed. The .author showed how the truth of his previous contentions i'osp<-ct ing the interior of Africa had bi’-eii establislierl by C.-iptaiii Burton and other travellers; and that the ‘dark conti- nent’ posscssed fertile and genial regions, large rivers and lakes, and an innnense popu- lation, which, if not civilised, was yet to a large extent endowed with kindly manners, liuinaue dispositions, and iu(lustrioiis habits. The writer therel'ore pressed upon the serious , memorandum of the public services of Beke in respect of the Abyssinian expedition. ,Two years later the queen granted Beke a civi1—list pension of 1002. per amiiiin in con- sideration of his geographical researches, and I especially of the value of his explorations in ‘ Abyssinia. coiisideration ofthe British inercluint, as well = as the cliristiun iiiissioiiai'_v and pliilantliro- ‘ pist, the necessity for opening up the conti- nent of Africa and civilising its inliabitaiits. Dr. and Mrs. Bekc travelled in Syria and Palestine in 1861--(32, ‘for the purpose of exploring and icleiitilyiiig the llurran, or Cliarraii of Scripture, and other localities mentioned in the book ol'(.1ei1esis,ii1 accord- ance with the opinions expressed in Dr. Beke’s “()i'i,<,:'iiies Biblir,-:c” in 1834. They also travelled in Egypt, in order to see mid induce the inercliants of Egypt to form a company for carryiiig out l)r. Beke’s plans for opening up C()lll1IlCl‘Ulitl relations with ceii— tral Africa, and for pronioting the growth of cotton in upper 1'lg_vpt an