Please tear off this portion of the form and leave it in the box in the church, or send it to: FOSP, Clo Mr Stephen Woodley 11 Conyngham Lane, Bridge Canterbury, Kent CT4 5JX. ”§Scaffo|ding bracing the West wall Damp patches on the interior of the vestry wall caused by damaged external stone -work What is the Friends of St Peter’s Bridge? The Friends of St Peter’s Bridge is formed to provide money purely for the upkeep of the fabric of the church of St Peter’s Bridge. The Friends’ Committee will organise membership services for members and fundraising events. The Friends has charitable status as a sub committee of the PCC and is thus able to receive Gift Aid on donations. Individuals who are Friends of St. Peter’s Bridge do not need to be members of the PCC or even regular churchgoers. They simply need to love our Church and want to preserve our village heritage. Please join the Friends and help us to guarantee the future of this Church. . t/ N7 Published by Patrixbourne with Bridge PCC Tlie j-"riendlv of St Peter’: Bridge 1 St Peter’s Bridge, Canterbury, Kent. UK. History St Peter’s Bridge is sited on Watling Street, the old Roman Road to Dover, and is a grade 2 listed church. The Domesday Book lists a ‘Brige (sic) Hundred’, an administra- tive area with a church. The chancel, south aisle and tower base of the church all date from the 12th century with the nave itself dating from the 11th century. The west door- way is 12th century stonework with very detailed carving. In the 13th century the north transept aisle and chapel were added. During this time the building was a ‘chapel of ease’ to the main parish church at Patrixbourne. The church as we see it today is a result of major reconstruction work carried out in 1857 under the direction of the architect Sir Giles Gilbert Scott. This was funded by Mrs Gregory of Bridge Hill at a cost of £4000. The work involved re—facing the external walls with knapped flint and Bathstone stonework and the enlargement of the North and South aisles. These changes to the church in Victorian times were necessary as Bridge village had grown and the church was used by a large congregation. The west doorway was left mostly untouched by this restoration work. Looking after our viI|aqe’s heritaqe. St Peter’s Bridge is an important part of our village, available to all who live here for worship, weddings, christenings or funerals. During the floods of early 2014 it became a place where the rescue services could meet, rest and take refreshment and a place where residents could go to obtain help and advice; a resource for the whole community. The Parochial Church Council (PCC), has to date mostly managed to keep the Church in good condition, in terms of regular repair and maintenance. In the last ten years we have carried out work at the back of the church; a new glass porch entrance hall, toilet and a servery to provide refreshments have enhanced our facilities. However we now find ourselves faced with a number of urgent and expensive challenges, which to rise to will need help and support from the wider community. The challenge In July 2014 a fall of flints from the gable above the west door took place. Inspection revealed that urgent work was needed to tie the whole west wall back into the structure of the church, to prevent further damage. Scaffolding has been used to brace the wall but long term repair is now needed. An architect’s inspection has shown many other problems with this old building. These essential repairs are likely to cost in the region of £90,000. The PCC is applying for grants to carry out the work, but to assist us with the costs of these repairs we need to set up a ‘Friends of St Peter’s Bridge’ scheme, so that the congregation and the village together can care for this ancient and much loved Church. This scheme will be similar to the Friends group at St Mary’s Patrixbourne, which has generously provided funds for a number of projects at our other parish church. Membership of one scheme does not preclude membership of the other scheme, and we recognise the importance of all our local churches to our village communities. St Peter’s Bridge needs your help! Q. How do I become a member of the Friends of St Peter’s Bridge? A. By filling in the following, then detach- ing this part of the leaflet and sending it in an envelope to the address overleaf. I / We wish to join the Friends of St Peter’s Bridge (FOSP) Post E-mail address... O I would like to receive details of FOSP events 0 I would be willing to be a member of the FOSP Committee 0 Please send me details of how I can make regular donations to FOSP and the Gift Aid Scheme. 0 I would like to make a donation to FOSP of £ ............. ..(Please make all cheques payable to Patrixbourne with Bridge PCC). N.B. FOSP funds held by the PCC are used solely for the upkeep of the fabric of St Peter's Bridge. 1st edition published September 2000. Reprinted May 2001 Third edition printed and published by Patrixbourne with Bridge PCC October 2003 . Text © Bill Dawson With acknowledgements to r r r I r ives. C r r i I r Photos Cover © Rosalie Stacey;. others © Dr Andrea Nicholson Patrixbourne with Bridge PCC is part of the Bridge Benefice Bridge W3’ ’/+ ‘*0 Q,. the Group “W «W ' 9 “aDK\fl9'°H . (oh 0 j 8’ % j y 2 aulnoqssxafi Visitors Gulde to St Peter's Church andthe’VUlageof Bridge Kent Introduction 3 lhere is no mention ofa village of Bridge in the Domesday Book of 1086, though there is a reference to a ‘Hundred of Bridge’ which is thought to have been a meeting point on the Roman road from London to Dover for villagers along the Nailboume living in and around the nearby parishes of Bishopsboume, Patrixboume and Bekesboume, each of which has its own medieval parish church. Bridge has always been part of the parish of Patrixbourne, and its church is still technically a chapel—of—ease (chapel annexe) to St Mary’s, Patrixbourne, which lies three quarters of a mile to the east. There has been a chapel on this site in Bridge since 1189, and it was enlarged through the 12th and 13th centuries to become a church, and because of its position alongside the main London to Dover road it is likely to have been prin- cipally used by passing travellers to pray for their protection and safe journeys. Historically, the land comprising the ‘Hundred of Bridge’ was contained with- in the manor of Blackmondsbury which was part of the possessions of St Au- gustine’s Abbey in Canterbury, while in 1258 Bridge’s chapel was appropriated by Archbishop Boniface to the Prior and Convent of Merton, Surrey, a situation that continued until the dissolution of the monasteries by Henry VIII in 1538. In the mid—19th century, at a time of large Victorian congregations, St Peter’s was massively restored and enlarged principally through the generosity of Mrs Mary Gregory of Bridge Hill, who was the daughter of Nathaniel Pattison of Congleton in Cheshire, whose family had founded the first silk mill there in 1752. brick and stone Queen Anne mansion of fine proportions and listed Grade I, it is in private ownership and not open to the public. Higham Park ,which lies off the top of Bridge Hill to the south of the village, was ex- tended in the early 20th century by wrapping a new stone classical style structure around three sides of a much earlier building. It was inherited by Count Louis Zborovski who built outrageous- ly powerful racing cars fitted with First World War aero engines made famous by author Ian Fleming in his children’s story Chitty—Chitty— Bang—Bang. Also on the estate to entertain his house party guests Count Zborowski built a min- iature scale steam railway, and was active in the promotion of the Romney, Hythe and Dymn— church Railway. The house was commandeered by the Army in the Second World War, and for some years afterwards became a hospital an- nexe. There was once a fourth house, Bifrons, which stood halfway between Bridge and Patrixbourne; it had been built in the mid—l7th century and remodelled by the Victorians 200 years later. It was demolished after the Second World War during which time, like Higham Park, it had been commandeered by the anny to augment Canterbury’s extensive garrison. In both World Wars Bridge was home to nu- merous temporary training and transit camps for large numbers of troops before they continued their journey along the old Roman road to Dover to fight on the Continent. II Bridge High Street looking north from Bifrons Walk 10 In the winter of 200-2001 the Nailbourne rose dramatically to cause extensive flooding in and around the High Street. ridge is fortunate to have a number of notable houses close to it. A little way along the Bourne Park road, south-west of the churchyard, lies Bridge Place which was built in the 17th century by Sir Arnold Breams to a large C shape plan using hand made Dutch bricks he had imported through Sandwich. At the time it was the largest house in East Kent after Chilham Castle and boasted a deer park and an Country_H0uses Aroundlhddge aviary, but its vast size made it uneconomic to run, and in the 18”‘ century a new owner had all but one wing pulled down. In the early 19"‘ cen- tury it belonged to Edward Taylor of nearby Bif- rons, a friend of George IV, and also of novelist Jane Austen; since the l960’s it has been home to Bridge Country Club. Further along the same road about half a mile from the village Boume House can be glimpsed set at the end of a long drive. An outstanding red s seen today the church is the result of the extensive restoration work undertak- en in 1859-60 by the architect Giles Gil- bert Scott, when the outside of the walls were completely refaced with dark knapped flint— a fine example of the Kentish craft, and Bathstone facings. Canterbury Archaeological Trust sur- veyed the church in 1994 and said that behind this flint facing the core of all the main walls must be medieval, with the exception of the ves- try on the north—east side and most of the tower and its stair-turret on the south-east side. Also during the restoration the north aisle was en- larged by extending it westwards, and the wall of the south aisle was raised, to its present height. There are two original doorways, a small one leading to the Vestry in the north east corner by the side of the chancel show- g ing deep chevron 1nould— » ings, and the west doorway through which you enter the church. The west doorway is mid-to-late 12"‘ century, and unlike virtually every- thing else on the exterior, ° “ was not totally renewed in 4.‘ _ 1860, its fine moulding standing out in bold relief, with carved capitals on the shafts and three weathered heads. The 3- light west window above it is in the early per- pendicular style and the only late-medieval sur- vival dating from the late 14”‘ century and ap- pears to contain much original stonework. The original late 12th century tower had dete- riorated to such an extent by the 17th or 18th centuries that it had proved necessary to support it with brick buttresses to the south-east and south-west. But in the 1859-60 restoration it was St Petews Church Exterior 8 ChurChyard West window, top. West doorway, above. , 5. ’‘ “ V Vestry doorway completely rebuilt above its medieval base, with a shingled spire and the addition of the south- east stair turret. The tower is hung with a ring of three bells, of which only the tenor bell, thought to have been cast in the 14th century by William le Belyetre of Canterbury, bears an inscription, reading: ANE: MARIA: GRACIA: PLENA; DUS: TECU. The churchyard contains many interesting headstones dating from the early 17th century, and was extended to the west at the beginning of the 20th century, and although technically full since the l980’s, burials still occasionally take place in family plots. Kent County Council took over the responsibility for basic maintenance in the l990’s. South aisle: Wheel window and Norman windows than most villages in the area, including three public houses, the White Horse— tradi- tionally the travellers hostelry, the Red Lion — traditionally frequented by the military, and the Plough and Harrow— still very much the villagers’ pub. There is also a sur- gery, veterinary practice, baker, newsagent, hairdresser, photographers studio, small supermarket, combined chemist and post office/bank, restaurant, and night club. All this combines to make Bridge an attractive and much sought after village in which to live, which is reflected in its premium prop- erty values. The 1960’s saw three housing develop- ments within the village: to the east in Riv- erside, parallel to the High Street, to the west in Western Avenue, and to the south in Bridge Down. Since then apart from infil- ling there has been little housing built, alt- hough the local landowner Lord Conyngham is keen to develop the land be- tween Riverside and the bypass for afforda- ble housing. In 2000 planning permission was granted for a new surgery to be built along the Patrixboume Road to replace one in the centre which had outgrown the prac- tice. Bridge High Street looking north from Brew- ery Lone. The Village of Bridge ridge is ique ii eing thenly in the country with only that one word as its name. The village straddles the old Roman road known as Watling Street in a valley where the seasonal Nailbourne stream flows north out of the head of the Elham valley to turn right angles east on its way out to the sea. Wat- ling Street was constructed by the Romans to serve as their overland route from Dover to Lon- don via Rochester, and for almost 2000 years was used by pilgrims, private and commercial travellers, and not least by the military on their way to and from battles on the Continent. So from the earliest times Bridge became established through its role in tending to the needs of all this human traffic and their horses, due to the availability of fresh water, the first they would encounter before or after travelling over the long high ridge of the downs to and from Dover. It was finally by—passed in 1976 to relieve what had by then become intolerably and dangerously high levels of heavy articulated goods vehicles to and from the continent, but only after protesting villagers had created their own chaos by blocking the High Street in a se- ries of sit-in protests until the Government was forced to act. Along with vast tracts of East Kent, the Gar- den of England, hop growing in Bridge was a major feature of agriculture in the surrounding countryside and covered an extensive acreage. Until mechanisation was introduced in the l950’s, at harvest time for a fortnight every Sep- tember large numbers of hop pickers and their families travelled down from south and east London, and lived in specially built huts on the farms. Hops were a very valuable commodity and for centuries were subject to double tithes of 20 per cent which had to be paid annually to the established Church until the l920’s, when the system was abolished by Parliament. Although just under three miles from Canter- bury, Bridge boasts a wider variety of amenities three aisles and a chancel with a wooden barrel roof over the nave and plain wooden roofs over the side aisles. From the surviving remains Canterbury Archaeological Trust report says that there is no doubt that the nave, chancel, south aisle and tower base all date from the 12th century, and though it is possible that the nave may date from a century earlier there is no visi- ble evidence for this. The south aisle and tower were added in the later 12th century, and the north aisle and north—east transept chapel date from the early 13th century. Though a small amount of Norman stone- work is visible, almost all of what is seen today is Victorian work dating from the 1859-60 resto- ration when the south aisle wall was raised to its present height, and the north aisle extended west. At one time the eastern end of the north aisle was partitioned off for use as a schoolroom. The columns in the church are generally con- sidered disproportionately large for the size of building. On the north side the arcade is of four bays with the four arches supported by unusual coupled circular piers- formed from what may once have been square shafts, and crowned with floral capitals of Early English design. Pevsner writes that they are in about the same scale as the top two thirds of William de Sen’s piers at Canterbury Cathedral, but paired E-W, not N-S. The arcade on the south side is of three bays and the three arches are considered fine speci- mens of Early English work. The east end of the south aisle contains a huge wheel window set above two Norman windows which are deeply splayed and filled with stained glass. The south aisle windows are unusual as the centre shafts stand out by themselves in front of the glass. One of them contains a stained glass memorial to the memory of May, wife of Major Farwell of the 44"‘ Regiment and daughter of Mr & Mrs S t Peter’s follows the traditional layout of St Peter's Church Interior Double columns in the north aisle, above. South aisle window, below. Richly decorated tower arch, above. Cornish red serpentine font, below. Winter of Bridge Hill, who died in Madras in 1882 On the north side of the tower there is a fine stone arch with rich billet moulding supported by grotesque heads. A board above the belfry states that the church and steeple were repaired by Samuel Hills, churchwarden in 1787. Standing on the floor of the tower the octago- nal font is carved out of rare, and now unobtain— able, Cornish red serpentine marble, and is con- sidered to be of outstanding workmanship. Un- usually, the bowl is supported by a central pillar itself surrounded by eight shafts, all in the same material. The glass in the west window was in- stalled to the memory of Dr Amelius Sicard who died in 1880. In the chancel on the north wall there is a fine semi—circular Norman carving, all that survives of a lost doorway, depicting scenes from the Book of Genesis. One sequence shows Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden listening to the Devil and then being driven out by an Angel, and another shows the story of Cain and Abel. Below this carving is the figure of a robed priest, believed to be Marcobus Kasely a vicar until 1512, apparently cut in two and reclining in two small recess- es. The two carved scrolls on the opposite side of the chancel may have been part of . his tomb. . There are several interesting tablets 9 within the church two of which are par- ticularly interesting. In the middle of the ’ chancel floor lies buried the second daughter of Sir Dudley Bigges of Chil- ham Castle who was Master of the Rolls in 1643, and in the left side aisle there is a tablet to Mr Sicard who is one of the many people who lived in the village of , Huguenot stock. V High on the east wall is a portrait at- tributed to Cornelius Jansen, a noted painter at the time of Charles I, who is known to have stayed with Sir Arnold Braems at nearby Bridge Place. Sir Ar- nold had settled in England from his na- tive Low Countries and made his fortune first as a builder and then as harboum1as- ter of Dover docks, and there is a plaque to his first wife Joan on the south chancel wall. Her memorial is flanked by two marble carvings, on one side by a skull through which a serpent entwines, and on the other side by a coat of anns; these may be all that remain of a once much larger tomb. The Victorian organ dates from 1860 and is typical of its period; it was renovated in 1975. The church interior was repainted in 1998 by a volunteer team drawn from the congregation . (Note to the third edition—Since this booklet was first compiled, repairs to the roof have been carried out. This work was supported by grants, including those from Friends of Kent Churches and Entrust) Memorial to Marcobus Kaseley, above. Scull and Crossbones carving, below. The Portrait of Robert Bargrave in Bridge Church Many people fail to notice it. Cozens (1793) saw it, and recorded such of the inscription as he could read then. WP Griffith (1844) in a careful survey fails to mention it. Has it always been there, or was it moved, like so much else, in the restoration of 1860? (cf the Tympanum on the S wall & other bits; the tomb table-top outside). Who is it? There are some clues. Zachariah Cozens, in his unpublished History of Kent records the inscription which is barely visible now, and was hardly more so then, in Latin, the main points of which are that it is Robert Bargrave of Bridge, Gent. Born 5 Feb 1584 (1585), died 20 Jan 1649 (1650) Aged 64, a citizen of Canterbury. Executors Tho Hardres and S. Bargrave. The name Bargar, Bargrave, Bargrowe, variously spelled can be found near Canterbury from late mediaeval times ~ the inventory of chuch goods at St Andrews, Canterbury includes a vestment donated by Syr Deder (desiderius) Bargar, sumtyme parson. A century later families of the name are found in Willesborough (Robert, a tanner, 1599), Arnold Bargar, 1570, Robert Bargar, yeoman of Bridge, a tanner, his will 1600. The family in E Kent died out without male heirs in the 19”‘ c, but there are plenty more about elsewhere, acc to Ancestry.co.uk In 17”‘ c. An extensive and very well connected (and firmly royalist) family, related variously to many of the great names — Boys, Wootton, Crouch Dering, Filmer, which brought in good dowries, as well as fortune (and failure) with the Virginia Company. It is very hard to disentangle the members of the family, though. The same name recurs: in the 17”‘ c alone there are 6 Johns, and no fewer than 9 Roberts. 1) The aforementioned Robert, ca 1540-1600, the tanner, a son of John (d.l585), and father of 5 sons —- John, who built Bifrons in 1618, Thomas, who died in Virginia in 1621, Richard, Georg , Isaac (1586-1643), who inherited Eastry Court and became Dean of Canterbury, and our 2) Robert (1584-1649), also 3) Robert, a brother to Alice & Joan, unconnected? 4) Robert Son of Bifrons John, b 1600 5) Robert, his son, grandson of Bifrons John c 16503-1697 6) Robert son of Isaac, a levant merchant and author of a travel diary 7) Robert son of no 6, died in infancy 8) Robert, 1694-1779 son of Charles 9) Robert, his son. 10) What do we know of our Robert (15 84-1649)? Twice married (1) ?Wood, (2) Margaret Coveney, brother of the more famous Isaac (Dean) and John (Bifrons) who in 1611 was granted arms: “Or, on a pale gules a sword erect argent, hilted and pommelled gold, on a chief azure three bezants” This is just visible in the portrait. His executors, mentioned in the inscription, were Thos Hardres and S. Bargrave. These are his niece Sara, and Sir Thomas Hardres (1610-1681), barrister & politician, MP for Canterbury 1664-1679, and his brother-in-law, Thomas having married (1) Dorcas, the daughter and heiress of George Bargrave Robert’s elder brother (d.l643), and then (2) Philadelphia, widow of Peter Manwood (another famous name). All we know of Robert is that he was heavily involved in the Kentish rebellion of 1648 - the last great insurrection in English history, when Sir Thomas Peyton (another close relative) along with the Bargraves of Bifrons, Sir Henry Palmer (who had married Isaac’s widowed daughter Anne) and other local families led support for a petition to parliament on behalf of the king. Palmer, a former naval officer, encouraged a mutiny of the fleet in the Downs, aided by both Robert and his brother Richard Bargrave. They flatly turned down parliament’s attempts to resolve the situation peacefully, and in June 1648 theysought Dutch support, retrurning in July with 1500 men. But by December the tide had turned and they had to flee abroad before petitioning for a return to the “Committee for Compounding”, a govt body levying fines for misbehaviour. Robert died the following year. The portrait is of a youngish man: the inscription must have been added later, after his death, of course. Who is it by? 4 Sq 3 .. H, (,1 i Generally agreed to be Cornelius Johnson (Jonson), son of Cornelius J anssens van Ceulen a flaming, but he was born in England, painted very many portraits of minor English gentry (usually for £5) He moved to Canterbury in the mid—l630’s to live with Arnold Braems at Bridge Place, moving then to Middelburg 1643, 1646-1652 Amsterdam, then Utrecht, where he died. Though he continued to paint portraits of English clients after his move to the Netherlands, we may reasonably assume that this was done here, while he was with Braems, so can be dated post 1611 ~ pre 1643. Johnson was fond in his early career of surrounding his paintings with a tromp 1’oeil frame, painted to look like wood or marble, generally oval. Here it is square. Though it is said to be stone/slate I still think it is painted. An identical frame exists on the north side of the nave of the cathedral, round a memorial to Thomas Sturman (1632~l679) re—dedicated by John Bargrave, here identified as vice- dean, appearing to consist of four blocks of stone, each decorated in the centre (as here) by a skull and crossbones — rather better preserved. FAMILY TREE 1: THE BARGRAVES OF BRIDGE John Bargrave d before 1585 m Alicia Kermard Robert Bargrave C 1540-1600 m 1568 Joanna Gilbert (d 1603) 111 I 11:” Thomas Richard Robert George Anna Alicia Angela Cl1621 " C1583--1649 b1586 (11645 e, "/w" ‘ ” 1. m ?Wood m m m m 1604 2. m 1644 Dorcagi Robert Robert John Margaret Martin Naylor Tumey Boys (d 1625) Coveney \, John Isaac (of B zflons, ( of Eamy Court, Patrixbourne) J Eastry) See Tree 2 See Tree 3 Alice Robert Joan FAMILY TREE 2: THE BARGRAVES OF BIFRONS, PATRIXBOURNE John Bargrave be early 1570s do 1625 mc 1597 Jane Crouch | l l I I I l l Robert Joanna Jane Sara John Ann +2 bc16OO b1607 C 1610-80 bc1615 m 1635 m1627 m1665 Elizabeth Thomas P Frances Peyton Raymond Rigclen Wilde (d 1686) C 5 LL€,+:f94 John Robert I ‘ dbefore 1670 dc 1697 ‘\o (L H2505 Elizabeth m Benjamin Coade xvii XIX FAMILY TREE 4: THE BARGRAVES OF EASTRY COURT Thomas Bargrave be 1620- C1 before Jan 1660 m after Dec 1642 Hester Escott m afterjan 1660,_Ioseph Roberts Charles d 1713 m Elizabeth Whitwick (cl 1732) I I I I I I I Isaac Charles Robert Elizabeth Honora Martha Hester 1680-1727 C 1694-1779 b 1678 m Christina m ? 1. m Elizabeth m 1702 Edward m Charles m Zouch m William Leigh Austin Leigh (d 1737) St Leger Knowles Pilcher Bridges d 1772 2. m 1753 (1665-1729) I I I Isaac Christian Frances Robert b 1721 C 1734-74 m 1751 m m m Sarah Claude john Rebecca Lynch Clare Broadley Rhudde d 1787 C1 1784 m James Wyborne FAMILY TREE 3: THE BARGRAVES OF EASTRY COURT Isaac Bargrave 1586-1643 in 1618 Elizabeth Dering C 1592'-1667 I I I I I 1 2 3 4 5 Anne Thomas John Isaac Robert be 1619 See Tree 4 d 1625 d 1626 See Tree 5 ‘I - 1. m 1636 Thomas Coppin 2. m after Dec 1643 Sir Henry Palmer I I I I I I 6 7 8 9 10 Mary Jane Hester Elizabeth Henry I) 1629 d 1630 b 1632 131635 1636-7 m John 1. m Francis m Edward Smith Nowers Wfilsford 2. m Francis Turner FAMILY TREE 5: ROBERT AND ELIZABETH BARGRAVE Francis Turner Robert Bargrave 1628-1661 In 1653 Elizabeth Turner b 1632 Hester Elizabeth Isaac 1) 1653 be 1659 1660-63 m 1680 m ? 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